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    1. Overview of Base Timer 
     
    Chapter: Base Timer 
    This chapter explains the functions and operations of the base timer. 
     1.
     Overview of Base Timer 
    2. Block Diagram Of Base Timer 
    3. Operations of the Base Timer 
    4. 32-bit mode operations 
    5. Base Timer Interrupt 
    6. Starting the DMA Controller (DMAC) 
    7. Base Timer Registers 
    8. Notes on using the base timer 
    9. Descriptions of base timer functions  
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
    CODE: FM10-E03.1 
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    CHAPTER  14-2: Base Timer 
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    1. Overview of Base Timer 
     
    1.  Overview of Base Timer 
    The function of the base timer can be set to either the 16-bit PWM timer, 16-bit PPG timer, 
    16/32-bit reload timer, or 16/32-bit PWC timer using the FMD2, 1, and 0 bits in the Timer 
    Control Register. The following provides an overview of each selectable timer function. 
     Relationship between mode se ttings and timer functions 
     
    Settings of FMD2, FMD1,   
    and FMD0 bits  Function 
    0b000 Reset 
    mode 
    0b001 16-bit PWM timer 
    0b010 16-bit PPG timer 
    0b011  16/32-bit reload timer 
    0b100  16/32-bit PWC timer 
     Reset mode 
    The reset mode is a status where the base timer macros  are reset (with each register set to the initial value). 
    Be sure to set this mode before switching to a differ ent timer function or T32 bit setting. However, it is not 
    necessary to set this mode before setting the timer function or T32 bit immediately after the macros are 
    reset. 
      16-bit PWM timer 
    This timer consists of a 16-bit down counter, a 16-bit da ta register with a cycle set buffer, a 16-bit compare 
    register with a duty set buffer, and a pin controller. 
    The cycle and duty data is stored in a buffered register and thus can be rewritten while the timer is in 
    operation. 
    The counter clock of the 16-bit down counter can be selected from eight internal clocks (1, 4, 16, 128, 256, 
    512, 1024, and 2048 frequency divisions of the machin e clock) and three external events (detection of a 
    rising edge, a falling edge, or both). 
    The one-shot mode where the counting stops at an und erflow or the continuous mode where the counting is 
    repeated after reloading can be selected. 
    The start event of the 16-bit PWM timer  can be selected from a software trigger and three external events 
    (detection of a rising edge, a falling edge, or both). 
      16-bit PPG timer 
    This timer consists of a 16-bit down counter, a 16-bit da ta register for setting the HIGH width, a 16-bit data 
    register for setting the LOW width, and a pin controller. 
    The count clock of the 16-bit down counter can be selected from eight internal clocks (1, 4, 16, 128, 256, 
    512, 1024, and 2048 frequency divisions of the machin e clock) and three external events (detection of a 
    rising edge, a falling edge, or both). 
    The one-shot mode where the counting stops at an und erflow or the continuous mode where the counting is 
    repeated after reloading can be selected. 
    The start event of the 16-bit PPG timer  can be selected from a software trigger and three external events 
    (detection of a rising edge, a falling edge, or both). 
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    1. Overview of Base Timer 
     
     16/32-bit reload timer 
    This timer consists of a 16-bit down counter, a 16-bit reload register, and a pin controller. 
    The count clock of the 16-bit down counter can be selected from eight internal clocks (1, 4, 16, 128, 256, 
    512, 1024, and 2048 frequency divisions of the machin e clock) and three external events (detection of a 
    rising edge, a falling edge, or both). 
    The one-shot mode where the counting stops at an und erflow or the continuous mode where the counting is 
    repeated after reloading can be selected. 
    The start event of the 16/32-bit reload timer can be  selected from a software trigger and three external 
    events (detection of a rising  edge, a falling edge, or both). 
     16/32-bit PWC timer 
    This timer consists of a 16-bit up counter, a measurement input pin, and a control register. 
    This timer measures the time between any events using an external pulse input. 
    The reference count clock can be selected from eight internal clocks (1, 4, 16, 128, 256, 512, 1024, and 
    2048 frequency divisions). 
    Measurement modes  HIGH pulse width ( ↑ to  ↓) / LOW pulse width ( ↓ to  ↑) 
      Rising cycle ( ↑ to  ↑) / Falling cycle ( ↓ to  ↓) 
      Edge interval measurement ( ↑ or  ↓ to  ↓ or  ↑) 
    An interrupt request can be generated when the measurement is completed. 
    One-time or continuous meas urement can be selected. 
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    2. Block Diagram Of Base Timer 
     
    2.  Block Diagram Of Base Timer 
    Figure 2-1 to Figure 2-4 show block diagrams of the base timer in each mode. 
    Figure 2-1 Block diagram of 16-bit PWM timer 
     
     
    16-bit down counter 
    Underflow
    Count 
    clock
    / 16  
    16 
    / 
    Load
    OSEL
    TOUT
    Inversion 
    control
    Match 
    detection
    STRG
    External startup trigger 
    (TGIN signal)
    EGS
    CTEN
    TGIE
    DTIE
    UDIE
    Trigger 
    Timer enable
    /  
    2 
    PMSK
    POE
    Buffer
    Edge 
    detection
    Count 
    enable
    Interrupt  cause 
    generation
    Toggle 
    generation
    MDSE
    PDUT 
    writing
    PDUT
    / 16  
    Buffer
    PCSR
    Load
    Count 
    enable
    20 
     
    :
     
    211 
      /
     4 
    CKS 
    External clock 
    (ECK signal)
    Clock 
    frequency  circuitInternal clock
    Edge 
    detection
    CTENTrigger interrupt 
    request
    Waveform output 
    (TOUT signal)
    Underflow/
    duty match 
    interrupt request
    PCSR : Cycle Set Register
    PDUT : Duty Set Register
      
     
    Figure 2-2 Block diagram of 16-bit PPG timer 
     
    Trigger interrupt  request
    PPG output
    16
    /
    OSEL
    (TOUT signal)
    Inversion 
    control
    TGIE
    Reload 
    data setting
    UDIEUnderflow 
    interrupt request
    PMSKPOE
    20
    :
    211
    /  4
    CKS
    External clock 
    (ECK signal)
    Clock 
    frequency 
    circuitInternal clock
    Edge 
    detectionDown counter
    TMR
    Underflow
    Count 
    clock Load
    Count 
    enable
    STRG
    External startup 
    trigger 
    (TGIN signal)
    CTEN
    Trigger
    Timer enableEdge 
    detection
    Count 
    enable
    Interrupt 
    cause 
    generationMDSE
    CTEN
    PRLL
    PRLHBuffer
    (PRLHB)
    EGS/
    2Toggle 
    generation
    PRLL : LOW Width Reload Register
    PRLH : HIGH Width Reload Register
    TMR : Timer Register
      
     
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    2. Block Diagram Of Base Timer 
     
    Figure 2-3 Block diagram of 16/32-bit reload timer (ch1 and ch0) 
     
    T32
    / 16
    CH1
    CH0
    Output 
    waveform 
    (TOUT signal)OSEL
    Inversion  control
    32-bit mode T32=1
    16-bit mode T32=0
    POE
    Trigger interrupt 
    request
    TGIE
    UDIE
    PCSR
    Down counter TMR
    Underflow
    Count clock Load
    Count 
    enable
    20
    :
    211
    / 4
    CKS
    External clock 
    (ECK signal)
    EGS
    /
    2
    Clock 
    frequency  circuitInternal clock
    STRGExternal startup 
    trigger 
    (TGIN signal)
    Timer enable Trigger
    Edge 
    detection
    Count 
    enable
    /  16
    PCSR
    Down counter
    TMR
    Underflow
    Count clock Load
    Count 
    enable
    MDSE
    Toggle 
    generation
    Interrupt  cause 
    generation
    CTEN CTEN
    Edge 
    detection
    Underflow 
    interrupt request
    PCSR : Base Timer 1 Cycle Set Register
    TMR : Base Timer 1 Timer Register
    PCSR : Base Timer 0 Cycle Set Register
    TMR : Base Timer 0 Timer Register
      
     
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    2. Block Diagram Of Base Timer 
     
    Figure 2-4 Block diagram of 16/32-bit PWC timer (ch1 and ch0) 
     
    CH0
    / 16
    CH1
    Clear
    / 
    16
    16-bit mode
    T32=0
    32-bit mode
    T32=1
    20
    :
    211
    / 4
    CKS
    Clock 
    frequency  circuitInternal clock
    STRGSignal to be measured 
    (TIN signal)
    Detection of a  startEdge 
    detection
    Count 
    enable
    Edge 
    detectionCTEN
    CTENMeasurement  completion 
    interrupt request
    EDIE
    OVIEOverflow interrupt  request
    Interrupt 
    cause 
    generation
    MDSE
    Up counter
    TMR
    Overflow
    Count 
    clock
    Count 
    enable
    T32
    Clear
    Up counter TMR
    Overflow
    Count 
    clock
    Count 
    enable
    DTBF
    DTBF
    Detection of a  stop
    MDSE
    EGS
    /
    3
    DTBF : Base Timer 1 Data Buffer Register
    TMR : Base Timer 1 Timer Register
    DTBF : Base Timer 0 Data Buffer Register
    TMR : Base Timer 0 Timer Register
      
     
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    CHAPTER  14-2: Base Timer 
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    3. Operations of the Base Timer 
     
    3.  Operations of the Base Timer 
    This section explains operations of the base timer. 
     Operations of the base timer 
      Reset mode 
    The reset mode is a status where the base timer macros  are reset (with each register set to the initial value). 
    Be sure to set this mode before switching to a differ ent timer function or T32 bit setting. However, it is not 
    necessary to set this mode before setting the timer function or T32 bit immediately after the macros are 
    reset. In a 32-bit mode, setting this mode for the even channel also resets the odd channel. It is not 
    necessary to set the reset mode for the odd channel. 
      16-bit PWM timer 
    When triggered, the 16-bit PWM timer  starts decrementing from the cycle set value. First, it outputs a LOW 
    level pulse. When the 16-bit down counter matches the value set in the PWM Duty Set Register, the output 
    inverts to the HIGH level. Then, the output inverts again to the LOW level when a counter underflow 
    occurs. This can generate waveforms with any cycle and duty. 
      16-bit PPG timer 
    When triggered, the 16-bit PPG timer starts decrementing from the value set in the LOW Width Reload 
    Register. First, it outputs a LOW level pulse. The outp ut inverts to the HIGH level upon an underflow. Then, 
    it starts decrementing from the value set in the HIGH  Width Reload Register. The output inverts to the 
    LOW level when an underflow occurs. This can generate waveforms having any LOW and HIGH widths. 
      16-bit reload timer 
    When triggered, the 16-bit reload timer starts decrem enting from the cycle set value. When an underflow 
    occurs on the 16-bit down counter, an interrupt flag is set. The output is either the toggle output where the 
    level inverts according to the MDSE bit setting as an u nderflow occurs or the pulse output where the level is 
    HIGH at the start of counting and LOW at the occurrence of an underflow. 
      32-bit reload timer 
    This timer has the same basic operations as the 16-bit  reload timer. However, it uses two channels, even and 
    odd, to operate as a 32-bit reload timer. The even channel operates  as a lower 16-bit timer and the odd 
    channel as an upper 16-bit timer. The interrupt control and output waveform control are defined by the 
    settings for the even channel only. When setting the cycle,  first write it in the upper register (odd channel) 
    and then in the lower register (even channel). 
    When reading the timer value, read it from the lower  register (even channel) and then from the upper 
    channel (odd channel). 
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    3. Operations of the Base Timer 
     
     16-bit PWC timer 
    The PWC timer starts the 16-bit up counter with input  of the specified measurement start edge and stops the 
    counter with detection of a measurement end edge. The value counted in between is stored as a pulse width 
    in the data buffer register. 
      32-bit PWC timer 
    This timer has the same basic operations as the 16-bit PWC timer. However, it uses two channels, even and 
    odd, to operate as a 32-bit PWC timer. The even channel operates as a lower 16-bit counter and the odd 
    channel as an upper 16-bit counter. The interrupt control is defined by the settings for the even channel only. 
    When reading the measured or count va lue, read it from the lower register (even channel) and then from the 
    upper channel (odd channel). 
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    4. 32-bit mode operations 
     
    4.  32-bit mode operations 
    Using two channels, the reload timer and PWC provide 32-bit mode operations. This section 
    explains the basic functions and operations of the 32-bit mode functions. 
     32-bit mode functions 
    This function enables the operations of a 32-bit data reload timer or 32-bit data PWC timer by combining 
    two channels of base timers. Since  the upper 16-bit timer counter value in the odd channel is read together 
    with the lower 16-bit timer counter value in the even channel, the timer counter value can be read during 
    operation. 
      32-bit mode settings 
    First, set 0b000 to set the reset mode to reset the status of the FMD2, FMD1, and FMD0 bits in the 
    TMCR register of the even channel.  Then, as carried out for in 16-bit mode, select the reload or PWC timer 
    and set the operation. By writing 1 also to the T32 bit in the TMCR register, the 32-bit operation mode is 
    set. Do not change 0 for the T32 bit in the odd channel. It is also not necessary to set it to reset mode. For 
    the reload timer, set the reload value of the upper 16 of 32 bits in the PWM Cycle Set Register of the odd 
    channel. Then, set the reload value of the lower 16 bits  in the PWM Cycle Set Register of the even channel. 
    Because transition to 32-bit operation mode is reflected  immediately after the T32 bit is written, stop the 
    counting before changing the settings in each channel. 
    To change from 32-bit mode to 16-bit mode, set it to reset mode by setting 0b000 for the FMD2, FMD1, 
    and FMD0 bits in the TMCR register of the even channel. This resets the status of both even and odd 
    channels, enabling settings in 16-bit mode in each channel. 
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    4. 32-bit mode operations 
     
     32-bit mode operations 
    After transition to 32-bit mode, if th e reload or PWC timer is started by control of the even channel, the 
    timer/counter in the even channel operates with the lower 16 bits. Also, the time/counter in the odd channel 
    operates with the upper 16 bits. 
    The operations in 32-bit mode are defined by the settings for the even channel. For this reason, the settings 
    for the odd channel (except the Cycle Set Register for  the reload timer) are ignored. For the timer start, 
    waveform output, and interrupt signal functions, settings for the even channel are also applied (the even 
    channel is masked and fixed to LOW). 
    Figure 4-1  shows the configuration of ch.0 and ch.1. 
    Figure 4-1 Configuration of 32-bit operations (for ch.0 and ch.1) 
     
    T32=1
    Underflow
    Overflow
    ch.0
    Lower 16 bits timer/counter
    T32=0ch.1
    Upper 16 bits timer/counterUnderflow Overflow
    Interrupt
    Waveform  output
    Read/write signal
    PWC measurement waveform/external  trigger
    Upper 16 bitsreload valueLower 16 bitsreload value
      
     
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