Steinberg Cubase 6 Manual
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621 Working with symbols 3.Select “Open as Palette” from the context menu. The selected tab is shown as palette. Moving and handling palettes Palettes are handled as any window, which means that you can: •Move a palette to another position by dragging its title bar. •Close a palette by clicking its close button. In addition, you can select whether the palette is shown horizontally or vertically, by right-clicking and selecting “Toggle” from the context menu. The available symbols The following symbols palettes/tabs are available: •Favourites •Keys •Clefs • Time Signature •Chord Symbols •Guitar Symbols • Cubase only: Expression Map, see “Expression maps (Cubase only)” on page 419. • Dynamics Mapping, see “Working with mapped dynamics” on page 685. • Clefs etc. • Note Symbols •Dynamics • Line/Trill. Note that the arpeggios, hand indication and strum symbols are all “note-dependent”! • Other • Layout. All these symbols are drawn in their own “layer”. • Project. These symbols are present in all layouts. • Words. This is described in the section “The Words tab” on page 652. • User Symbols. This is described in the section “User Sym- bols” on page 638. When you place the mouse pointer on a symbol, a tooltip shows you information about the function. Further details about many of the symbols can be found in the section “Symbol details” on page 634. Setting up the Favourites tab In the Symbols Inspector, you can find a tab called Favou- rites. Cubase allows you to fill this tab with a selection of symbols from other tabs. This way, you have instant ac - cess to the symbols you use often: 1.Open the Favourites tab. If it is the first time you are using this tab, it is empty. 2.Open the tab from which you want to copy a symbol. ÖNot all symbols can be placed on the Favourites tab. 3.Right-click on the symbol that you want to add to the Favourites tab and select “Add to Favourites” on the con - text menu. You can also add a symbol to the Favourites tab by [Alt]/[Option]-clicking on it. 4.Repeat this procedures for other symbols that you want to add to the Favourites tab. •To remove a symbol from the Favourites tab, select “Re- move from Favourites” from the context menu or hold down [Alt]/[Option] and click on it. Important! – Symbols, staves, and voices Most symbols belong to a staff when inserted. Only note symbols, slurs and ties are an exception. They belong to notes and therefore to voices. It is extremely important that the correct staff is active when you insert a symbol (if you are editing multiple staves). If you for example insert a symbol while the wrong staff is active, the symbol might later “disappear” because you edit another configuration of tracks (the track you actually inserted the symbol on might not be opened for editing). The same is true for note symbols and their relation to voices. Make sure that the correct voice is active when in - serting symbols or they might wind up at the wrong posi- tion, fermatas may be turned upside down, etc.
622 Working with symbols Layout symbols work slightly differently. Instead of belong- ing to a certain staff or voice, they belong to a layout. Since different track combinations use different layouts, this means that if you insert a layout symbol in the score when you are editing two tracks (for example a trumpet and a saxophone part), it is not there when you view each track by itself in the Score Editor. If you want the same symbols to appear in other layouts as well, you can copy the form of one layout to another. If you want a symbol to appear in all layouts, use the Project tab. Adding symbols to the score Making space and handling margins •If you find there is not enough space between staves to add symbols (like for example text), see “Dragging staves” on page 670 for info on how to separate the staves. •If you find the score looks crammed after adding sym- bols, check out the section “Auto Layout” on page 672. About the Pencil tool Unlike the other MIDI editors, the Score Editor toolbar does not contain a Pencil tool. Instead, the Pencil tool is “automatically” selected when you insert symbols. The fol - lowing applies: •Normally, the Pencil tool is automatically selected when you click on a symbol in the Inspector. However, if the “Double-click Symbol to get Pencil tool” option is acti - vated in the Preferences dialog (Scores–Editing page), you need to double-click the symbol to get the Pencil tool. •On the same page of the Preferences dialog, you can find an option called “Display Arrow tool after Inserting Symbol”. When this is activated, the Object Selection (“Arrow”) tool is automatically selected after you have in - serted a symbol. If you want to insert a lot of symbols with the Pencil tool, you may want to deactivate this option. Adding note symbols Adding a symbol to one note 1.In the Symbols Inspector, open the Note Symbols tab. 2.Click (or double-click) on the desired symbol on the tab. As mentioned above, the “Double-click Symbol to get Pencil tool” prefer- ence determines whether you need to double-click. In either case, the Pencil tool is selected. 3.Either click on the note or above or below it. If you click on the note, the symbol is put in at a predefined distance from the note. If you instead click “above or below” the note, you decide for a vertical position yourself. In either case, the symbol is aligned horizontally with the note. It can later be moved up/down. Clicking on a note inserts the note symbol (in this case a tenuto) at a predefined distance from the note head. There are three options in the Accents category of the Score Settings dialog (Project page–Notation Style sub - page) that affect the vertical positioning of note symbols: •Accents above Stems When this is activated, accent note symbols are displayed at the stem side of notes instead of the note head. •Accents above Staves When this is activated, accent note symbols are displayed above the staff, regardless of the stem direction of the notes. This setting overrides the “Accents above Stems” option. •Center Note-Linked Symbols on Stems When this is activated, accents are centered on stems and not on note heads. Adding a symbol to several notes using the Pencil tool You might for example want to add a staccato symbol to all notes within a few measures. Proceed as follows: 1.In the Symbols Inspector, open the Note Symbols tab 2.Select the notes to which you want to apply the symbol. 3.In the Symbols Inspector, click on the desired symbol. !Symbols you add outside the margins are not printed!
623 Working with symbols 4.Click on one of the notes. The symbol is added to each selected note, at a predefined distance. The symbols can be moved later. Adding a symbol without tying it to a note Note-dependent symbols can be entered freely, too. This allows you to add a fermata to a rest symbol for example. 1.Make sure that the correct staff is active. 2.Click the symbol so that the Pencil tool is selected, as described above. 3.Hold down [Ctrl]/[Command] and click where you want to add the symbol. Adding other symbols 1.In the Symbols Inspector, open the desired symbol tab. 2.Click on the symbol that you want to add. 3.Click once or click and drag somewhere in the score. The symbol appears. For many symbols with a length, you can drag to set the length of the symbol directly. The symbol appears with its handles selected (if it uses handles) so that you can change its size directly if you wish. This is all described in detail in the section “Changing length, size, and shape” on page 632. Press the mouse button – drag – and release! •You can change the size of most of the note symbols and dynamics in a score by right-click on the correspond - ing object and selecting the desired option from the Size submenu on the context menu. About note-dependent symbols Note-dependent symbols like arpeggios and strum direc- tions must be put in front of a note or they belong to the following note instead (if there is no following note, the symbols are not inserted at all). Adding text There are special methods for working with text, described in their own chapter, “Working with text” on page 645. Adding slurs and ties Slurs can be drawn in manually or inserted automatically for a group of notes. Ties are usually added by the pro - gram but can also be drawn in as “graphic” symbols. ÖThere are two types of slurs – “regular” slurs and Bezier slurs (with which you have full control over thick - ness, curve shape, etc.). Slurs, ties, and the Display Quantize value Since a slur or tie “musically” always spans from one note (or chord) to another, the beginning and end of a slur/tie in Cubase is always related to two notes in the score. When you draw in a tie or slur, the program uses the Quantize value to find the closest two notes to “attach” the symbol to. In other words, if you want to add the slur/ tie to a note at a sixteenth note position, make sure Quan - tize is set to 1/16th notes or smaller (this is only true for manual drawing in of slurs and ties). Please note that this does not necessarily mean that the symbol has to start or end exactly above/below two notes. Instead, what it means is that when you use the Layout tool to move the note graphically to adjust the look of the bar, the slur/tie moves with it (see “Graphic moving of notes” on page 614). The same is true if you adjust the width of the measure – the slur/tie is adjusted accordingly. ÖIf you want the end points of the slurs to snap to exact note positions, activate the “Snap Slurs when dragging” option on the context menu or in the Preferences dialog (Scores–Editing page). Drawing the slur/tie 1.Set the Quantize value depending on the positions of the two notes that the slur/tie should span. For example, if one of them is at a quarter note position and the other at an eighth note position, set Quantize to 1/8 note or a smaller note value. 2.Click on the correct slur/tie in the Symbols Inspector, so that the Pencil tool is selected.
624 Working with symbols 3.Position the mouse close to the first note and drag to a position close to the second note. The end points of the slur/tie snap to their default positions – holding down [Ctrl]/[Command] allows you to move the end points freely. There are two special functions for inserting a slur or tie that automatically spans from one note to another. Adding a slur/tie between two notes 1.Select two notes. 2.Click the correct slur/tie symbol in the Inspector, so that the Pencil tool is selected. 3.Hold down [Ctrl]/[Command] and [Shift] and click on one of the two notes. The slur/tie is added between the two selected notes. Inserting a slur over a selection of notes 1.Select a span of notes. 2.Pull down the Scores menu and select “Insert Slur”. A slur is created, starting at the first selected note and ending at the last. The Bezier slur The Bezier slur is a special slur symbol, found on the Dy- namics symbol tab. Unlike the regular slur, this symbol is made up of a bezier curve, allowing you to create more ad - vanced curve shapes. To add a Bezier slur, click on the symbol in the Inspector so that the Pencil tool is selected, and click or drag in the score. Clicking creates a Bezier slur of the default length and shape, while dragging creates a straight line. The default Bezier slur has four curve points – one at each end and two along the curve. •To move the slur, click on it (but not on a curve point) and drag. •To resize the slur, click and drag the end points. •To change the shape of the slur, click on one of the mid- dle curve points and drag in any direction. Right-clicking on a curve point brings up a context menu with the following options: Creating trills If you have recorded or entered a trill, Cubase can help you display this properly: 1.Select the notes that make up the trill. 2.Right-click on one of the notes and select “Build Trill…” from the context menu. 3.Select an option from the dialog that appears. The radio buttons determine how the trill should look. Activate the “Help Note” option if you want an extra note to indicate between which notes the trill should be played. 4.Click OK. Now the following happens: • All notes except the first one (and possibly the second) are hidden. • The first note automatically gets a display length matching the length of the whole trill. OptionDescription Add Points/ Reduce PointsAdds another pair of curve points to the Bezier slur. This allows you to create very complex slur shapes. After add-ing points, there is an additional menu item “Reduce Points” – selecting it removes the additional curve points. Add ThicknessMakes the Bezier slur thicker. Reduce ThicknessMakes the Bezier slur thinner. HideThis hides the slur symbol, see “Hiding/showing objects” on page 665.
625 Working with symbols • If you choose to include a help note, the second note is con- verted to a “Graphic” note, with brackets but without stem. Otherwise, the second note is hidden, too. • The trill symbols you selected in the dialog are inserted. Inserting symbols across staves If you hold down [Alt]/[Option] while adding a symbol to one staff in a grand staff, this symbol is put in at corre - sponding positions on all staves. This allows you for example to insert rehearsal marks, repeats, etc. for all instruments at the same time. Adding a keyboard symbol The Other tab contains a piano keyboard symbol, useful for example in educational scores. The symbol has the fol - lowing properties: •To insert the keyboard symbol, select it from the Inspec- tor, click with the Pencil tool at the desired position and drag a box to specify the approximate size of the keyboard. •After you have inserted the keyboard symbol, you can drag its edges to resize it vertically or horizontally. •If you right-click on an inserted keyboard symbol and select “Properties” from the context menu, a dialog opens allowing you to specify further properties for the symbol. You can also double-click on an inserted keyboard symbol to open this dialog. Adding guitar chord symbols A fretboard symbol of a guitar chord can be inserted any- where in the score. Guitar symbols are found on the “Guitar Symbols” tab and the Other tab in the Symbols Inspector. •The Guitar Symbols tab contains all Guitar symbols of the current guitar library, see “Using the guitar library” on page 626. If the symbol that you want to insert is among these, select it and insert it as you would any other sym- bol, see above. To insert a guitar symbol not present in the guitar library, proceed as follows: 1.Open the Other tab. 2.Click on the guitar chord symbol, so that the Pencil tool is selected. Option Description Size Governs the width of the keys. Start Note This is the leftmost note in the keyboard symbol. Show Note NamesWhen this is activated, each C key is displayed with note name and octave (C1, C2, etc.). White/Black Keys transparentActivate these if you want the white and/or black keys to be transparent.
626 Working with symbols 3.Click in the score, at the position where you want the symbol to appear. The Guitar Symbol dialog appears. •To put a black dot on any fret and string, click on it. To remove it, click again. •To add a symbol just above the string, outside the fret- board, click there. Consecutive clicks allow you to select between a ring (open string), a cross (do not play this string) and no symbol. •To add a capodaster number, click to the left of the symbol. Consecutive clicks allow you to step through the possibilities. •You can also add a capodaster symbol (a line over the strings), by setting the “Capo String” parameter to a value higher than 0. By adjusting the Capo End and Start values, you can create capodaster symbols that span fewer strings. •Use the “Size” value field to adjust the size of the chord symbol. •If you want the symbol to be horizontal, activate the “Horizontal” checkbox. •To display more or fewer frets than the default six, change the “Frets” value. 4.Click Apply. The guitar symbol appears in the score. •Clicking the Insert Notes button inserts the actual notes in the chord into the score. You can also right-click on a guitar symbol and select “Insert Notes” from the context menu. You can edit the symbol at any time by double-clicking it, changing the settings in the dialog and clicking Apply. Note that you can also access the symbols that you de - fined in the guitar library by right-clicking a guitar symbol – see below. ÖIf you select “Make Chord Symbol” from the context menu, the corresponding chord symbol is displayed above the guitar symbol. This function is very useful when writing lead sheets, for example. Using the guitar library The above method is fine if you only want to add a few chord symbols to your score. If you need a lot of chord symbols, or if you are using chord symbols in a lot of dif - ferent scores, you can gather all your chord symbols in a “guitar library” instead. This way you do not have to recre - ate the same chord symbol over and over again. Defining chord symbols 1.In the Symbols Inspector, double-click on one of the symbols on the Guitar Symbols tab to open the guitar li - brary. Alternatively, you can open the Score Settings dialog on the Project page and select the “Guitar Library” subpage. 2.To add a guitar chord symbol to the library, click the New button. A chord symbol appears in the list to the left. 3.To edit the chord symbol, double-click it in the list. This opens the Guitar Symbol dialog, as when editing a chord symbol in the score.
627 Working with symbols •The symbol you create is also “interpreted” and its name is displayed to the right of the fretboard symbol. This can also be edited by double-clicking if you like. •To sort the available symbols in the library according to their root notes, click the Sort button. •To remove a symbol from the library, select it in the list and click Remove. •To save the current library as a separate file, select “Save…” from the Functions pop-up menu. A file dialog appears, allowing you to specify a name and location for the file. •To load a guitar library file, select “Load current Pane…” from the Functions pop-up menu. In the file dialog that appears, locate and open the desired guitar library file. There are also two additional checkboxes in the Guitar Library dialog: Inserting symbols from the library Apart from the “Use for Make Chords” option above, there are two ways to insert symbols from the guitar library into the score: •Use the Functions pop-up menu on the Project–Guitar Library subpage in the Score Settings dialog, when creat - ing or editing guitar symbols. •Right-click on a guitar symbol in the score and select a chord symbol from the Presets submenu on the context menu. Adding an image file You can insert image files as symbols into the Score. This allows you to import logos, copyright symbols, images of finger positions, etc. Proceed as follows: 1.In the Symbols Inspector, open the Other tab, the Lay- out tab, or the Project tab. Image files can be inserted on all three layers, see “Background: The dif- ferent layers” on page 619. 2.Click on the Image File button to select the Pencil tool. Click in the score at the position where you want to insert the file. A file dialog opens. 3.Locate and select the image file you want to insert. The lower section of the Import dialog contains the follow- ing settings: •To copy the referenced file into the Project folder, acti- vate the “Copy to Project folder” option. This is recommended as it makes it easier to manage all files used in a project. •If you modify your score, by adding staves for example, the position of an inserted image file changes. If this is not what you want, activate “Stick to Page” to keep it at a fixed position in your staff. •The Transparency parameter allows you to set the de- sired transparency of the image. 4.Click Open to insert the file. The image file is inserted. Its size depends on the printer resolution. However, you can scale the image by dragging its handles. To restore the printer resolution, right-click on the image to open the context menu and select “Snap to Printer Resolution”. !Loading a guitar library file replaces the current library! OptionDescription Use for Make ChordsWhen this is activated, and you use the “Make Chord Symbol” function (see “Using Make Chord Symbols” on page 642), the program inserts guitar symbols as well as regular chords (if any fitting guitar symbols can be found). If there are several guitar symbols for a certain chord in the Guitar Library, the first one is used. Small DisplayIf this is activated, the chord symbols in the list is displayed in the size they get in the score. If it is deactivated, the sym-bols are displayed in a larger size, for easier editing.
628 Working with symbols You can modify the settings you made on import by right- clicking on the image and selecting “Properties” on the context menu, to open the Image Properties dialog. Using layout symbols Symbols inserted from the Layout tab belong to the layout layer. When you are editing a layout containing several tracks, you can have inserted layout symbols automatically copied to any combination of tracks in the layout. You de - cide which staves should display layout symbols by ticking their “L” column in the Score Settings dialog, on the Lay - out page. •Any editing you perform to layout symbols is automati- cally duplicated in the other tracks. •The display of layout symbols for different tracks can be deactivated at any time. •Layout symbols can be copied between layouts, by us- ing the Get Form function on the Functions pop-up menu on the Layout page of the Score Settings dialog. One example of how to use layout symbols: Let’s say you are editing a full orchestra score, and want rehearsal marks inserted for more than one staff (typically, above each instrument group – brass, strings, percussion, etc.). Now all you need to do is insert the rehearsal marks from the Layout tab for one of the tracks. To do so, open the Score Settings dialog on the Layout page, tick the “L” column for the desired tracks/staves, and click Apply. Using Project symbols Project symbols are part of the project layer and therefore appear in all layouts. The project layer also contains changes to bar lines (e.g. repeats and double bar lines) and bar number offsets. Typically you use Project symbols when you know you want these shown for all combina - tions of tracks. ÖYou can also use Project symbols in combination with the Arranger mode to have the program play back accord - ing to the score, e. g. repeats, Da Capos and endings. See “Scores and the Arranger mode” on page 685. Selecting symbols Almost all symbols can be selected by clicking on them. For symbols that have a length or size, one or more han - dles appear. A selected crescendo An exception to this are the slurs and ties which can be selected by clicking on the end points or by drawing a se - lection rectangle. Using the lock layers Sometimes it can be very hard to click on a symbol or other object in the score without accidentally selecting other symbols nearby. To remedy this, you can assign dif - ferent types of objects to different “lock layers” (up to three) and instruct Cubase to “lock” one or two of these layers, making them “unmovable”. Furthermore, you can lock the layout and project layers separately if needed.
629 Working with symbols Setting up the lock layers 1.Open the Preferences dialog and select the Scores– Note Layer page. 2.Assign each event type to a layer (1, 2, or 3). It is a good idea to specify different layers for event types that might con- flict “graphically”. For example, you might want to assign bar numbers and note symbols to different layers, if you find that you accidentally move bar numbers when editing note symbols and vice versa. 3.Click OK to close the dialog. •Alternatively, you can right-click on one of the Layer but- tons (1-2-3) on the extended toolbar to bring up a pop-up menu, showing which object types are associated with that layer. A checkmark for an object type means it belongs to that layer. If no checkmark is shown, you can select the object type from the pop-up menu to move it to that layer. Locking a layer To “lock” a layer, click on its lock layer button. In this figure, layer 2 is locked. Event types assigned to layer 2 cannot be selected, moved, or deleted. Visual indication of the layers Objects belonging to locked note layers are “grayed out” in the score. This makes it very easy to find out which ob - ject belongs to which layer – perhaps especially useful for the layout and project layers. For example, to quickly spot all objects in the layout layer, lock all other layers by click - ing their buttons. Now, only layout layer objects are shown normally; all other objects are grayed out. Moving and duplicating symbols There are four ways to move and duplicate symbols: • By dragging them with the mouse (see below). • By using the computer keyboard (moving only – see “Moving by using the computer keyboard” on page 631). • By using the bar handles (see “Moving and duplicating with the bar handles” on page 631). • By using the Paste Note Attributes function (duplicating note symbols only – see “Copying settings between notes” on page 608). Moving and duplicating by using the mouse This is done much as with other objects in Cubase. The following rules apply: • Note symbols and note-dependent symbols move with the notes/chords they belong to. In other words, if you move the note/chord, the symbols move with it/them. • Note symbols (like accents and lyrics) can only be moved ver- tically. Other symbols (like braces and brackets) can only be moved horizontally. • All other symbols without handles can be moved freely. If you hold down [Ctrl]/[Command], movement is restricted to one direction only. • If the symbol has one or more handles when it is selected, do not drag it by the handles, or you change its shape instead of moving it.
630 Working with symbols • Slurs and ties are an exception, as they can only be moved by first dragging one handle and then the other. However, if you use the Layout tool (see “Graphic moving of notes” on page 614) to move the notes they belong to, or if you change the measure width, they are adjusted automatically. • Duplicating is done by moving with [Alt]/[Option] pressed, as always in Cubase. Slurs, ties, and bar lines cannot be dupli - cated with this method. There are two features to help you position symbols (and other score objects) correctly: the rulers and the Position Info window. The rulers Unlike other editors, the Score Editor does not have a me- ter/time position-based ruler. Instead, its rulers are “graphi- cal”, i.e. they indicate the actual x-y position of objects (with “zero” at the upper left corner). •The current pointer position is indicated by thin lines in the rulers. •To hide the rulers, right-click on a ruler and select “Off”. This pop-up menu can also be found above the scroll bar at the far right. •To display the ruler again, open the pop-up menu above the scroll bar at the far right and select one of the units (inches, centimeters, or points). This setting also affects the units used in the Position Info window (see below). The Position Info window If you need to fine-tune the graphical positions of symbols and other objects, you should use the Position Info window. This makes positioning easier in two ways: • You get a numerical indication of the exact position of the mouse pointer (and any object you are dragging). • You can move objects or staves by typing in position values. You display the Position Info window by clicking in the ruler. The window contains the following settings and values: OptionDescription Measure inClick this label to change units for the Position Info win-dow. You can toggle between Inch, cm, and pt. This choice also affects the units used in the rulers. Abs. Pos./ Rel. PosClick this label to select whether X-Y position values are “absolute” (referring to the upper left corner of the current page) or “relative” (referring to the upper left corner of the active staff). X, YWhen a single object is selected, these values show the horizontal and vertical position of this object. When no objects or several objects are selected, these values show the current horizontal and vertical position of the pointer. When a single object is selected, you can click on these values and type in a new position for the object. dX, dYWhen you are moving an object, these values indicate the horizontal and vertical distance you have moved it. You can click and type in values to move the object(s) by the specified distances. Sel. StaffIf “Abs. Pos” is selected (see above), this value shows the distance from the top of the score page to the top of the active staff. You can click and type in a value to move the active staff.If “Rel. Pos” is selected, this value is always 0, since ver-tical positions are related to the top of the active staff! To Prev StaffThe distance between the active staff and the staff above it. Clicking and typing in a value moves the active staff. To Next StaffThe distance between the active staff and the staff below it. Clicking and typing in a value moves the staves below the active staff.