GE Vivid 7 User Manual

							Quantitative Analysis
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 Figure 7-8: Curve fitting examples, A) wash-in, B) wash-out A=900 
AU, B=300 AU for all curves
1. Intensity (AU)
2. Time (s)
0 1200
900
600
300
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k=0.15k=0.3k=0.7
0 1200
900
600
300
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k=0.15
k=0.7
AB 
						

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Wash-in cur ve fitting analysis
Over view
The purpose of wash-in curve fitting analysis is to find and 
estimate local perfusion rate using contrast agent. There are 
two methods to obtain this information:
•  Use the Real-time Myocardial Contrast application (see 
page 202) with low transmit power (MI 0.1). Applying Flash 
will destroy most or all contrast within the imaging plane. 
The period of low power imaging immediately following the 
flash will contain the information on how fast contrast agent 
washes into different segments of the myocardium. By 
storing data 5 to 10 seconds after Flash and performing 
curve fitting to this data set, the user can explore 
myocardial perfusion.
•  Use the myocardial Contrast application in triggered mode 
(page 194). This imaging mode is destructive for the 
contrast agent, and the interval between each frame 
determines the image intensity. Vary the triggering interval 
to obtain information regarding how fast the contrast agent 
washes into the myocardium after destruction.
Perfor ming wash-in cur ve fit
From a contrast examination in Quantitative analysis:
1. Disable frames that are significantly different (i.e. because 
of respiration or probe movements), see page 248.
Up to eight different 
sample areas may be 
generated in the 
myocardium.2. Trackball the sample area over the myocardium in one of 
the Cineloop windows.
3. Press 
SELECT to anchor a sample area in the myocardium.
4. If desired, reshape the sample area as described on 
page 250.
Refer to ’Manual 
tracking of the sam-
ple area (dynamic 
anchored sample ar-
ea)’ on page 245 for 
further details5. Because of heart motion, the sample area in each frame 
has to be adjusted manually to be located inside the 
myocardium (Manual tracking of the sample area).
The signals originating from the heart cavities are typically 
10 to 20 times stronger than the signals from the 
myocardium, and will have a major effect on the averaging 
of signals in the sample area.
6. Browse through the cineloop to ensure that the sample 
area is in the same anatomical position in all frames. 
						

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7. Rotate the HORIZONTAL SWEEP assignable and scroll 
through the cineloop to visualize a specific part of the data, 
typically the region immediately after Flash.
8. Rotate the 
LEFT MARKER and RIGHT MARKER assignables to 
apply curve fitting to a specific region.
9. Trackball to the Analysis window.
10. Press 
UPDATE MENU in the trackball area on the control 
panel.
The System menu is displayed.
11. Trackball to Curve fitting.
12. Press 
SELECT.
The Curve fitting menu is displayed.
 Figure 7-9: The Curve fitting menu
13. Trackball to Wash-in.
14. Press 
SELECT.
The Wash-in curve is displayed in the Analysis window 
(see Figure 7-10). 
						

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 Figure 7-10: Wash-in curve fit of Real Time MC data
Wash-in cur ve fitting using var ying triggering 
inter vals
If the data set contains frames with uneven time intervals, e.g. 
triggered images with increasing triggering intervals, it is 
possible to plot the data using the time interval (dt) on the X-
axis.
1. Disable unwanted frames. Curve fitting will be performed 
using all enabled frames.
The frame disabling 
procedure is ex-
plained on 
page 248.2. Trackball the sample area over the myocardium in one of 
the Cineloop windows.
1. Parameter window 
						

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Up to eight different 
sample areas may be 
generated in the 
myocardium.3. Press SELECT to anchor a sample area in the myocardium.
4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 if other sample areas are desired.
5. If desired, reshape the sample area as described on 
page 250.
See page 245 for 
more information 
on sample area 
manual tracking.6. Perform manual tracking of the sample areas on all 
frames to ensure that the sample area is inside the 
myocardium.
7. Trackball to the Analysis window.
8. Press 
UPDATE MENU in the trackball area on the control 
panel.
The System menu is displayed.
9. Trackball to Horizontal scale.
10. Press 
SELECT.
The Horizontal scale menu is displayed.
11. Trackball to dT scaling.
12. Press 
SELECT.
The X-axis in the Analysis window is updated accordingly.
13. Press 
UPDATE MENU again.
14. Trackball to Curve fitting.
15. Press 
SELECT.
The Curve fitting menu is displayed.
 Figure 7-11: The Curve fitting menu
16. Trackball to Wash-in.
17. Press 
SELECT.
The Wash-in curve is displayed in the Analysis window. 
						

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 Figure 7-12: Wash-in curve fitting after varying triggering interval
1. Parameter window
Angio (dB)
(s)
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Wash-out cur ve fitting analysis
Over view
The purpose of wash-out curve fitting analysis is to find and 
estimate a local wash-out rate. The analysis may be used for 
wash-out of contrast from LV or myocardium.
Performing wash-out cur ve fitting
From a contrast examination in Quantitative analysis:
1. Disable frames that are significantly different (i.e. because 
of respiration or probe movements), see page 248.
2. Trackball the sample area over the myocardium in one of 
the Cineloop windows.
Up to eight different 
sample areas may be 
generated in the 
myocardium.3. Press SELECT to anchor a sample area in the myocardium.
4. If desired, reshape the sample area as described on 
page 250.
Refer to ’Manual 
tracking of the sam-
ple area (dynamic 
anchored sample ar-
ea)’ on page 245 for 
further details.5. Because of heart motion, the sample area in each frame 
has to be adjusted manually to be located inside the 
myocardium (Manual tracking of the sample area).
The signals originating from the heart cavities are typically 
10 to 20 times stronger than the signals from the 
myocardium, and will have a major effect on the averaging 
of signals in the sample area.
6. Browse through the cineloop to ensure that the sample 
area is in the same anatomical position in all frames.
7. Rotate the 
HORIZONTAL SWEEP assignable and scroll 
through the cineloop to visualize a specific part of the data.
8. Rotate the 
LEFT MARKER and RIGHT MARKER assignables to 
apply curve fitting to a specific region.
9. Trackball to the Analysis window.
10. Press 
UPDATE MENU in the trackball area on the control 
panel.
The System menu is displayed.
11. Trackball to Curve fitting.
12. Press 
SELECT.
The Curve fitting menu is displayed. 
						

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 Figure 7-13: The Curve fitting menu
13. Trackball to Wash-out.
14. Press 
SELECT.
The Wash-out curve is displayed in the Analysis window 
(see Figure 7-14).
 Figure 7-14: Wash-out curve fit of two sample regions in an in-vitro 
experiment
Angio (dB)
(s) 
						

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Anatomical M-Mode
Introduction
M-Mode applied to TVI, Tissue Tracking, Strain rate, Strain or 
intensity data (Contrast) calculates and color/codes data 
accordingly along a path drawn by the operator.
Using Anatomical M-Mode
1. Press the CAMM assignable.
2. In one of the Cineloop windows, trackball to the region from 
where to start the sampling path.
3. Press 
SELECT to anchor the first point of the path.
4. Trackball to the location for the next anchoring point of the 
path.
To edit a path under 
construction, 
trackball back-
ward and retrace 
the path.5. Press SELECT to anchor the point.
A path with two anchor points will give a straight 
anatomical M-Mode profile. By creating more than two 
anchor points, the user can bend the path and obtain a 
curved anatomical M-Mode profile.
6. To end the trace press 
SELECT twice (double clicking).
Rotate HORIZ. 
SWEEP and scroll 
through the 
cineloop to optimize 
the display to the 
portion of interest.
The color-coded display of the corresponding data 
calculated along the path is shown in the Analysis window 
(see Figure 7-15). 
						

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 Figure 7-15: The anatomical M-Mode display (here TVI data)
1. Cineloop window
2. Analysis window3. Path anchor point
4. Time scale
2
3
4
1
3