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2D Area measurements
1. Generate the 2D image.
2. Press 
FREEZE to stop the cineloop.
Alternative: Press 
CALIPER and AREA 
assignable.
3. Press MEASURE on the Control Panel.
4. Select Area (trace) in the Measurement Menu (see 
Figure 6-2).
5. Trackball the cursor to the start point of the measurement.
See the Status bar 
to get the next step 
to perform.6. Press SELECT to anchor the start point of the measurement.
7. Trace the area (planetary) with the Trackball.
The measurement 
display color on the 
2D image changes 
from green to red af-
ter completion of 
the measurement.The current area and circumference values are displayed 
in the Measurement result table and are instantaneously 
updated when moving the cursor.
8. Press 
SELECT to complete the measurement.
The measurement result is displayed in the Measurement 
result table.
9. To assign a label to the measurement, see page 227.
The measurements 
displayed on the 2D 
image and the cor-
responding results 
are numbered.10. Repeat steps 5 through 8 to make additional area 
measurements.
2D area measurement ratio
1. Generate the 2D image.
2. Press 
FREEZEto stop the cineloop.
Alternative: Press 
CALIPER, MORE as-
signable and 
AREA 
RATIO.
3. Press MEASURE on the Control Panel.
4. Select Area ratio in the Measurement Menu (see Figure 6-
2).
5. Perform two area measurements as described in steps 5 
through 8 in the above section.
See the Status bar 
to get the next step 
to perform.The measurement results including the ratio (%) of the two 
measured areas are displayed in the Measurement result 
table.
Editing 2D Area measurements
1. Trackball the cursor to the anchor point of the area 
measurement to modify.
2. Press 
SELECT twice (Double-click) to select the anchor 
point.
The selected marker turns green and is unanchored.
3. With the Trackball, reposition the marker.
4. Press the 
SELECT to anchor. 
						

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2D Volume measurements
The measurements described in this section enable volume 
measurement in a defined zone. The measurements tool 
generates results by two methods:
For measurement 
formulae, refer to 
the Reference 
Manual.•  Method of Disk (displayed as Vmod in the Measurement 
result table), known as Simpsons method.
•  Area/Length method (displayed as Va -l in the 
Measurement result table).
To perform a volume measurement:
1. Generate the 2D image.
2. Press 
FREEZE to stop the cineloop.
Alternative: Press 
CALIPER and 
VOLUME assignable.
3. Press MEASURE on the Control Panel.
4. Select Vo l u m e in the Measurement Menu (see Figure 6-2).
5. Trackball the cursor to the start point where a volume is to 
be measured.
See the Status bar 
to get the next step 
to perform.6. Press SELECT to anchor the start point of the measurement.
7. Trackball the cursor to draw the length.
8. Press 
SELECT to anchor the second point.
9. Drag the cursor with the Trackball to outline the area of 
interest.
The measurement 
display color on the 
2D image changes 
from green to red af-
ter completion of 
the measurement.The current area, circumference and Area/Length Volume 
(Va-l) values are displayed in the Measurement result table 
(see Figure 6-2) and are instantaneously updated when 
moving the cursor.
10. Press 
SELECT to complete the measurement.
The measurement results including Vmod (Simpson) are 
displayed in the Measurement result table (see Figure 6-
2).
The measurements 
displayed on the 2D 
image and the cor-
responding results 
are numbered.11. To assign a label to the measurement, see page 227.
12. Repeat steps 5 through 10 to make additional volume 
measurements.
2D Depth measurements
The measurements described in this section enable depth 
measurement from the probe to a selected point.
To perform a depth measurement:
1. Generate the 2D image.
2. Press 
FREEZE to stop the cineloop. 
						

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3. Press MEASURE on the Control Panel.
See the Status bar 
to get the next step 
to perform.4. Press the assignable POINT to select the depth 
measurement function.
5. Trackball the cursor to the position to measure.
The current distance from the probe is displayed in the 
Measurement result table and is instantaneously updated 
when moving the cursor.
The measurements 
displayed on the 2D 
image and the cor-
responding results 
are numbered.6. Press SELECT to anchor the point.
The depth value (cm) is displayed in the Measurement 
result table. 
						

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M-Mode Measurements
In M-Mode, the user can perform distance and time 
measurements. This measurement package has also the 
following pre-defined measurement studies: 
• LA/Ao
• LV
• RV
M-Mode Length measurements
1. Generate the M-Mode image.
2. Press 
FREEZE to stop the cineloop.
Alternative: Press 
CALIPER on the con-
trol panel and press 
CALIPER assignable.
3. Press MEASURE on the Control Panel.
4. Select caliper in the Measurement Menu.
5. Trackball the cursor to the start point of the measurement.
6. Press 
SELECT to anchor the start point of the measurement.
See the Status bar 
to get the next step 
to perform.7. Trackball the cursor to the measurement end point.
The current distance value is displayed in the 
Measurement result table and is instantaneously updated 
when moving the cursor.
8. Press 
SELECT to anchor the end point of the measurement.
The measurement 
display color on the 
M-Mode changes 
from green to red af-
ter completion of 
the measurement.The measurement result is displayed in the Measurement 
result table.
9. To assign a label to the measurement, see page 227.
10. Repeat steps 5 through 8 to make additional length 
measurements.
The measurements 
displayed on the M-
Mode image and the 
corresponding re-
sults are numbered.Editing M-Mode Length measurements
1.  Trackball the cursor to one of the anchor points of the 
measurement to modify.
2. Press 
SELECT twice (double-click).
The selected marker turns green and is unanchored.
3. With the Trackball, reposition the marker to a new position.
4. Press 
SELECT.
Ao/LA study
1. Generate the M-Mode image.
2. Press 
FREEZE to stop the cineloop. 
						

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Alternative: Press 
CALIPER on the con-
trol panel and press 
the 
AO/LA assign-
able.
3. Press MEASURE on the Control Panel.
4. Select Ao/LA in the Measurement Menu.
5. Trackball the cursor along the time axis to the required point 
to start measurement of Aorta root diameter.
See the Status bar 
to get the next step 
to perform.6. Press SELECT.
The starting point for the measurement is anchored.
7. Trackball to the end point of the measurement.
The current value is 
updated while mov-
ing the cursor.8. Press SELECT.
The measurement end point is anchored and the value is 
displayed in the Measurement result table.
A new free-moving cursor is displayed on the image, ready 
for the next measurement.
9. Repeat steps 5, through 8 to measure Left Atrium.
The LA value is displayed in the Measurement result table. 
The Ao/LA ratio is displayed in the Measurement result 
table.
LV study
The LV study consists of measurements in fixed-time mode in 
both systole and diastole of:
•  Interventricular septum thickness (IVS)
•  Left ventricular internal dimension (LVID)
•  Left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPW)
The following parameters are also calculated:
•  EDV (End diastole volume)
•  ESV (End systole volume)
•  SV (Stroke volume)
• EF (Ejection Fraction)
To perform LV study
1. Generate the M-Mode image.
2. Press 
FREEZE to stop the cineloop.
Alternative: Press 
CALIPER on the con-
trol panel and press 
the 
LV STUDY as-
signable.
3. Press MEASURE on the Control Panel.
4. Select LV study in the Measurement Menu.
5. Trackball the cursor along the time axis to the required point 
to start measurement of IVSd.
6. Press 
SELECT.
The starting point for the measurement is anchored.
7. Trackball to the end point of the measurement. 
						

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8. Press SELECT.
The IVSd measurement end point is anchored and the 
value is displayed in the Measurement result table.
The end point of the IVSd is also the start point for the LVIDd.
1. Trackball to the end point of the LVIDd measurement.
2. Press 
SELECT.
The LVIDd measurement end point is anchored and the 
value is displayed in the Measurement result table.
The end point of the LVIDd is also the start point for the 
LVPWd.
1. Trackball to the end point of the LVPWd measurement.
2. Press 
SELECT.
The LVPWd measurement end point is anchored and the 
value is displayed in the Measurement result table.
3. Repeat steps 5, through 2 to measure IVS, LVID and LVPW 
in systole.
RV study
The RV study consists of measurement in fixed-time mode of 
Right ventricular internal dimension (RVID) in both diastole and 
systole.
To perform RV study
1. Generate the M-Mode image.
2. Press 
FREEZE to stop the cineloop.
Alternative: Press 
CALIPER on the con-
trol panel and press 
the 
RV STUDY as-
signable.
3. Press MEASURE on the Control Panel.
4. Select RV study in the Measurement Menu.
5. Trackball the cursor along the time axis to the required point 
to start measurement of RVIDd.
6. Press 
SELECT.
The starting point for the measurement is anchored.
The current value is 
updated while mov-
ing the cursor.7. Trackball to the end point of the measurement.
8. Press 
SELECT.
The measurement end point is anchored and the RVIDs 
measurement value is displayed in the Measurement 
result table.
A new free-moving cursor is displayed on the image, ready 
for the next measurement.
9. Repeat steps 5, through 8 to measure RVIDs. 
						

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The RVIDs value is displayed in the Measurement result 
table. 
						

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Doppler Measurements
The following measurements may be calculated on Doppler 
mode spectra:
For measurement 
formulae, refer to 
the Reference 
Manual.•  Maximum (peak) and mean velocity
•  Maximum and mean pressure gradient
• Pressure half-time (PHT)
•  Velocity time integral (VTI)
•  Mitral valve area (MVA), derived from PHT
Velocity and Pressure point measurements
1. Generate the spectrum to be measured.
2. Press 
FREEZE to stop the cineloop.
Alternative: Press 
CALIPER on the con-
trol panel and press 
the 
POINT CALIPER 
assignable.
3. Press MEASURE on the Control Panel.
4. Select Point Caliper in the Measurement Menu.
5. Trackball the cursor to the position to measure.
The current velocity is displayed in the Measurement result 
table and is instantaneously updated when moving the 
cursor.
The measurement 
display on the spec-
trum and the corre-
sponding results 
are numbered.6. Press SELECT to anchor the point.
The velocity (m/s) and pressure (mmHg) values are 
displayed in the Measurement result table.
Velocity and Pressure caliper measurements
1. Generate the spectrum to be measured.
2. Press 
FREEZE to stop the cineloop.
Alternative: Press 
CALIPER on the con-
trol panel and press 
the 
CALIPER assign-
able.
3. Press MEASURE on the Control Panel.
4. Select Caliper in the Measurement Menu.
5. Trackball the cursor to the start point of the measurement.
6. Press 
SELECT to anchor the start point of the measurement.
7. Trackball the cursor to the measurement end point.
The current velocity and pressure values are displayed in 
the Measurement result table and are instantaneously 
updated when moving the cursor.
The measurement 
display color on the 
spectrum changes 
from green to red af-
ter completion of 
the measurement.8. Press SELECT to anchor the end point of the measurement.
The following measurement results are displayed in the 
Measurement result table:
•  Velocity and pressure at anchor point positions
•  Velocity (V3) and pressure (p3) differences between 
anchor point position 
						

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•  Time difference (dT) between anchored points position
The measurement 
display on the spec-
trum and the corre-
sponding result are 
numbered.9. To assign a label to the measurement, see page 227.
10. Repeat steps 5 through 8 to make additional 
measurements.
Manual Doppler trace measurements
Adjust Compress 
and reject controls 
to optimize the 
Doppler signal.1. Generate the spectrum to be measured.
2. Press 
FREEZE to stop the cineloop.
3. Press 
MEASURE on the Control Panel.
Alternative: Press 
CALIPER on the con-
trol panel and press 
the 
MANUAL TRACE 
assignable
4. Select Manual trace in the Measurement Menu.
A vertical green cursor is displayed on the spectrum.
5. Trackball the cursor to the start point on the left side of the 
trace.
6. Press 
SELECT to anchor the start point of the measurement.
7. With the trackball, trace the Doppler envelope.
The trace can be adjusted, while tracing, by moving the 
cursor backward to erase portion of the trace (or the entire 
trace) and then create the trace again.
The measurement 
display color on 
spectrum changes 
from green to red af-
ter completion of 
the measurement.8. Press SELECT to complete the trace.
The following measurement results are displayed in the 
Measurement result table:
•  Maximum and mean Velocities
•  Maximum and mean pressures
• Env. Ti 
•  Velocity time integral (VTI)
9. Trackball the cursor to the start point of the next heart beat.
10. Press the 
SELECT to anchor the next heart beat starting 
point.
The heart rate (BPM) is displayed in the Measurement 
result table.
Automatic Doppler trace measurements
Adjust Compress 
and reject controls 
to optimize the 
Doppler signal.1. Generate the spectrum to be measured.
2. Press 
FREEZE to stop the cineloop.
3. Press 
MEASURE on the Control Panel.
Alternative: Press 
CALIPER on the con-
trol panel and press 
the 
AUTO TRACE as-
signable.
4. Select Auto Trace in the Measurement Menu.
A vertical green cursor is displayed on the spectrum.
5. Trackball the cursor to the starting point.
6. Press 
SELECT to anchor the start point of the measurement. 
						

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7. Trackball to the end trace position.
8. Press 
SELECT to anchor the end point of the trace.
The trace is automatically generated and the following 
measurements are displayed in the Measurement result 
table:
•  Maximum and mean Velocities
•  Maximum and mean pressures
• Env. Ti 
•  Velocity time integral (VTI)
9. Trackball the cursor to the next heart beat.
10. Press 
SELECT to anchor the next heart beat starting point.
The heart rate (BPM) is displayed in the Measurement 
result table.
MV E/A ratio
Adjust Compress 
and reject controls 
to optimize the 
Doppler signal.1. Generate the spectrum to be measured.
2. Press 
FREEZE to stop the cineloop.
3. Press 
MEASURE on the Control Panel.
Alternative: Press 
CALIPER on the con-
trol panel and press 
the 
MV E/A RATIO as-
signable.
4. Select MV E/A ratio in the Measurement Menu.
5. Trackball the cursor to the peak of the E wave.
6. Press 
SELECT to anchor the point.
7.Drag cursor to baseline to mark dT.
8. Press 
SELECT on the trackball area to anchor the second 
point.
9. Trackball the cursor to the peak of A wave.
10. Press 
SELECT to anchor the point.
the velocity at peak for E and A waves and the calculated 
E/A ratio are displayed in the Measurement result table.