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Steinberg Cubase Studio 4 Operation Manual Studio Manual
Steinberg Cubase Studio 4 Operation Manual Studio Manual
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451 File handling Save and Save As The commands Save and Save As allow you to save the active project as a project file (file extension “.cpr”). The Save command stores the project under its current name and location, while Save As allows you to rename and/or relocate the file. If a project has not been saved yet or if it hasn’t been changed since it was last saved, only Save As will be available. A word about file extensions Under Windows, file types are indicated by three letter file name extensions (such as *.cpr for Cubase project files). Under Mac OS X, it is not necessary to use file name ex- tensions, since the file types are stored internally in the files. However, if you want your Cubase projects to be compatible with both platforms, you should make sure the option “Use File Extension in File Dialog” is activated in the Preferences (General page). When this is activated (default), the proper file name extension is automatically added when you save a file. Save New Version This function is only available as a key command, by de- fault [Ctrl]/[Command]+[Alt]/[Option]+[S]. When you use this function, a new version of the project will be saved. The new file will get the same name as the original project, but with an incremental number attached. For example, if your project is called “My Project”, you will get new versions called “My Project-01”, “My Project-02”, and so on. Save New Version is useful if you are experimenting with edits and arrangements and want to be able to go back to a previous version at any time. The newest versions are al- ways listed on the Recent Projects submenu on the File menu for instant access. Save as Template This function allows you to save the current project as a template. When you create a new project, the available templates will be listed, allowing you to base the new project on a template. Proceed as follows: 1.Set up a project. 2.Select “Save As Template…” from the File menu and save the project template under the desired name. Templates can contain clips and events just like regular projects. If this is not what you want, make sure to remove all clips from the Pool before you save the project as template. Templates are always stored in the Templates folder. On a Windows system, it is located at \Documents and Settings\\Application data\Steinberg\Cu- base 4 emplates. On a Mac system, it is located inside Users//Library/Preferences/Cubase 4. Setting up a default template If you always want the same default project to open when you launch Cubase, you can save a default template. Pro- ceed as follows: 1.Set up a project. 2.Select “Save As Template…” from the File menu and save the project template with the name “default”. 3.Open the Preferences dialog and select the General page. 4.Open the “On Startup” pop-up and select “Open ’De- fault’ Template”. The next time you launch Cubase, the default template will automatically be opened. For details on the other Startup options, see “Startup Options” on page 452. !Generally, we recommend that you save project files in their project folders, to keep the projects as manageable as possible.
452 File handling Save Project to New Folder This function is very useful if you want to move or archive your project. 1.Select “Save Project to New Folder”. A file dialog opens in which you can choose an existing, empty folder or create a new folder to save the project. 2.Click OK to confirm your choice. The “Save to Folder Options” dialog opens with the following options: 3.Make the desired settings. 4.Click OK. The project is saved in the new folder. The original project is not affected. However, now you could e. g. delete the original project without losing your project data. Startup Options Auto Save If you activate the Auto Save option in the Preferences (General page), Cubase will automatically save backup copies of all open projects with unsaved changes. Backup copies of projects are named “- xx.bak”, where xx is an incremental number. Unsaved projects are backed up in a similar way as “UntitledX- xx.bak”, with X being the incremental number for unsaved projects. All backup files are saved in the project folder. Use the “Auto Save Interval” setting to specify the time intervals in which a backup copy will be created. Use the “Maximum Backup Files” option to specify how many backup files will be created with the Auto Save func- tion. When the maximum number of backup files is reached, the existing files will be overwritten (starting with the oldest file). On Startup The “On Startup” pop-up menu in the Preferences (Gen- eral page) allows you to specify what should happen each time you launch Cubase. Option Description Project Name Enter a project name if you want to change it from the de- fault (the current name of the project). Minimize Audio FilesIf this is activated, only the audio file portions that are ac- tually used in the project will be included. This can signi- ficantly reduce the size of the project folder (if you are using small sections of large files), but it also means you cannot use other portions of the audio files if you con- tinue working with the project in its new folder. Freeze Edits This will perform a Freeze Edits operation, making all pro- cessing and applied effects permanent to each clip in the Pool, see “Freeze Edits” on page 228. Remove Unused FilesWhen this is activated, only files in the Pool that are actu- ally used in the project will be stored in the new folder.
453 File handling The following options are available: Cubase Open Document Options Dialog This dialog will open in two cases: If you launch Cubase with the option “Show Open Op- tions Dialog” selected on the “On Startup” pop-up menu in the Preferences (General page). If you hold down [Ctrl]/[Command] while launching Cu- base. The Open Document Options Dialog. The dialog lists your recently used projects. To open a project, select it and click the “Open Selec- tion” button. To open another project not listed here, click the “Open Other…” button. A file dialog opens that allows you to look for the desired file on your disk. To create a new project, click the “New Project” button. Working with libraries (Cubase only) A library is a stand-alone Pool that is not associated with a project file (for more information about Pools, see “The Pool” on page 270). You can use libraries to store sound effects, loops, video clips, etc., and transfer media from a library into a project by using drag and drop. The following library functions are available on the File menu: New Library Creates a new library. Just as when creating new projects, you will be asked to specify a project folder for the new li- brary (in which media files will be stored). The library will show up as a separate Pool window in Cubase. Open Library Opens a file dialog for opening a saved library file. Save Library Opens a file dialog for saving the library file (file extension “.npl”). Revert If you select “Revert” from the File menu, you will be asked whether you really want to revert to the last saved version of the project. If you click “Revert”, all changes you have made since saving will be discarded. If you have recorded or created new audio files since sav- ing, you will be asked whether you want to delete or keep these. Option Description Do Nothing Cubase launches without opening a project. Open Last ProjectThe last saved project is opened on launch. Open ’Default’ TemplateThe default template is opened, see “Setting up a default template” on page 451. Show Open DialogThe Open dialog opens on launch, allowing you to manu- ally locate and open the desired project. Show Template DialogThe Template dialog opens on launch, allowing you to create a new project from one of the templates. Show Open Options DialogThe Open Document Options dialog opens on launch, see below. It allows you to make a different choice each time you launch Cubase.
454 File handling Importing audio ÖFor exporting Audio, see the chapter “Export Audio Mixdown” on page 413. ÖFor the option “Replace Audio in Video File”, see “Re- placing the audio in a video file (Cubase only)” on page 444. Importing audio files For information on audio file import preferences, please see “Audio file import options” on page 43. For informa- tion on import into the Pool and import options, see “Im- port Medium…” on page 279. Importing audio CD tracks You can import audio from audio CDs into Cubase projects in two ways: To import the CD tracks directly into project tracks, choose the “Audio CD…” option from the Import sub- menu on the File menu. The imported audio CD track(s) will be inserted on the selected audio track(s) at the project cursor position. To import the CD tracks into the Pool, select “Import Audio CD” from the Media menu. This might be the preferred method if you want to import several CD tracks in one go. For more information, see “Importing audio CD tracks” on page 280. Selecting one of the Import Audio CD menu items brings up the following dialog: To import one or more tracks, proceed as follows: 1.If you have more than one CD drive, select the correct one from the Drives pop-up menu top left. On opening the CD, the program tries to retrieve the track names from CDDB (a CD database). If no connection to CDDB can be established or the CD track names are not found, you can manually change the ge- neric track name in the Default Name field, see below. 2.Activate the “Secure Mode” option, if you want to use a Secure Read mode. Activate this if you encounter problems when trying to import an audio CD. Error checking and correction will be done during the process. Note that this mode will take more time. 3.In the Windows version, select the data transfer speed from the Speed pop-up menu. While you normally want to use the fastest possible speed, you may have to select a slower speed for flawless audio extraction. 4.Activate the Copy checkbox for every audio file you want to import. You can also select a copy section for every file, see below.
455 File handling 5.Click on Copy to generate a local copy of the audio file(s) or section(s). The copied files are listed at the bottom of the dialog. By default, imported a u d i o C D t rac k s w i ll b e s t ore d a s W av e f il e s (W i n d o w s ) or A I F F f il e s ( Ma c ) in the Audio folder of the current project. To change the folder, click Folder and select another one from the dialog. During copying, the button is la- beled “Stop”; click it to stop the process. 6.Click OK to import the copied audio files into the project, or click Cancel to stop the import and discard the copied files. If you import more than one audio file into project tracks, a dialog opens in which you have to choose whether to in- sert the tracks on one track or on different ones. The new track(s) are displayed in the Project window. New audio clips are created and added to the Pool. The columns in the “Import from Audio CD” dialog have the following functionality: By default, the complete tracks are selected. If you want to copy and import a section of an audio CD track only, select the track in the list and specify the start and end of the selection to be copied by dragging the handles in the copy selection ruler. Use the start and end audition buttons to fine tune the selection bound- aries. ÖNote that you can import sections of several audio CD tracks by selecting them in turn and adjusting the selec- tion. The start and end settings for each track will be dis- played in the list. You can audition the selected audio CD track by click- ing the Play button. The track will be played back from selection start to selection end (or un- til you click the Stop button). The arrow up/down buttons allow you to audition the start and end of the selection only. The arrow down button will play a short snippet beginning at the start of the selection, while the arrow up button will play a snippet starting just before the end of the selection. In case no connection to CDDB could be established or no CD track names were found, you can change the ge- neric audio file name in the Default Name field. The imported audio files be will be named accordingly, i. e. 01 etc. ÖNote that if there is a track name for a specific audio CD track in the list, the corresponding audio file will use that name instead. To open the CD drive, click on the Eject button at the top of the dialog. Column Description Copy Activate the checkbox in this column for the track you want to copy/import. To activate more than one check- box, click and drag over the checkboxes (or press [Ctrl]/ [Command] or [Shift] and click). # Number of track. CD Track When you import an audio CD track, the file will be named according to the name in this column. The names are pulled automatically from CDDB, if possible. You can rename a track by clicking in the Track column and typing a new name. You can also apply a generic name to all au- dio CD tracks, if no name was available in CDDB. Length The length of the audio CD track in minutes and seconds. Size The file size of the audio CD track in MegaBytes. Copy Start You can copy a section of a track if you like. This indi- cates the start of the section to be copied in the track. By default, this is set to the start of the track (0.000) but you can adjust this on the copy selection ruler (see below). Copy End Indicates the end of the section to be copied in the track. By default, this is set to the end of the track but you can adjust this on the copy selection ruler (see below). Play StopPlay start of selection Play end of selection Start of selection handle End of selection handle
456 File handling Importing Audio from Video files While you can automatically extract the audio when im- porting a video file (see “Extracting audio from a video file” on page 443), it is also possible to import the audio from a video file without importing the video itself: 1.Pull down the File menu and select “Audio from Video File…” from the Import submenu. 2.In the file dialog that opens, locate and select the video file and click Open. The audio in the selected video file is extracted and converted to a Wave file in the project’s Audio folder. A new audio clip is created and added to the Pool. In the Project Window, an event referencing the audio file will be inserted on the selected track at the project Cursor posi- tion. If no track was selected, a new track will be created. This works just like when importing regular audio files. ÖFor importing video files, see “Importing a video file” on page 441. Importing ReCycle files ReCycle by Propellerhead Software is a program designed especially for working with sampled loops. By “slicing” a loop and making separate samples of each beat, ReCycle makes it possible to match the tempo of a loop and edit the loop as if it was built of individual sounds. Cubase can im- port two file types created by ReCycle: REX files (export file format of the first versions of ReCycle, extension “.rex”). REX 2 files (file format of ReCycle 2.0 and later, extension “.rx2”). Proceed as follows: 1.Select an audio track and move the project cursor to where you want the imported file to start. You probably want to import REX files to tempo based audio tracks, since this will allow you to change the tempo later on (having the imported REX file automatically adjust). 2.Select “Audio File…” from the Import submenu on the File menu. 3.Select REX files or REX 2 files with the file type pop- up menu in the file dialog.4.Locate and select the file and click Open. The file is imported and automatically adjusted to the current Cubase tempo. Unlike a regular audio file, the imported REX file will con- sist of several events, one for each “slice” in the loop. The events will automatically be placed in an audio part on the selected track and positioned so that the original internal timing of the loop is preserved. 5.If you now open the part in the Audio Part Editor, you can edit each slice separately by muting, moving and re- sizing events, adding effects and processing, etc. You can also adjust the tempo and have the REX file automatically follow (provided that its track is tempo based). ÖYou can achieve similar results by using Cubase’s own loop slicing features, see “Working with hitpoints and slices” on page 252. Importing compressed audio files Cubase can import (and export, see “Mixing down to an audio file” on page 414) several common audio compres- sion formats. The procedure is the same as when import- ing any non-compressed audio file, with one important thing to note: When you import a compressed audio file, Cubase will create a copy of the file and convert this to Wave format (Windows) or AIFF format (Mac OS X) before importing it. The original compressed file will not be used in the project. The imported file will be placed in the designated project Audio folder. !The resulting Wave/AIFF file will be several times larger than the original compressed file.
457 File handling The following file types are supported: MPEG audio files MPEG, which stands for Moving Picture Experts Group, is the name of a family of standards used for coding audio- visual information (e. g. movies, video, music) in a digital compressed format. Cubase can read two types of audio MPEG files: MPEG Layer 2 (*.mp2) and MPEG Layer 3 (*.mp3). Currently, mp3 is the most common of these formats, while the mp2 format is mostly used in broadcast applications. Ogg Vorbis files Ogg Vorbis is a relatively new format that is open and patent-free and offers very small audio files maintaining comparatively high audio quality. Ogg Vorbis files have the extension “.ogg”. Windows Media Audio files (Windows only) Windows Media Audio is an audio format developed by Microsoft Inc. Due to advanced audio compression algo- rithms, Windows Media Audio files can be made very small, maintaining good audio quality. The files have the extension “.wma”. Exporting and importing OMF files (Cubase only) Open Media Framework Interchange (OMFI) is a platform independent file format intended for transfer of digital me- dia between different applications. Cubase can import and export OMF files (file extension “.omf”), allowing you to use Cubase in conjunction with other audio and video applications. Exporting OMF files You can only export stereo files in OMF format. 1.Pull down the File menu and open the Export submenu. 2.On the submenu, select “OMF…”. The Export Options dialog opens: 3.Use the track list to the left to select which tracks should be included in the exported file. To select all tracks, click the “Select All” button. Normally, the whole project is included – to export the range between the locators only, activate “From Left to Right Locator”. When referencing media files (see below), you can set the referenced output path by entering it in the “Media Destination Path” field or by browsing the file dialog. All file references will be set to this path. You can create references to media destinations that don’t exist on the system you are currently work- ing with, making it easy to prepare files for use in projects on another system or in a network environment. 4.If you want to create copies of all the media files, choose the “Copy Media” option. By default, the copied audio files are placed in a sub-directory in the ex- port destination folder. To specify a different location for the copied files, use the “Media Destination Path” field. 5.If you want to copy only the portions of audio files that are used in the project, select “Consolidate Events” option. You can also define handle lengths in milliseconds to include audio out- side each event boundary for fine tuning later. If you do not have any han- dles when consolidating audio files, you will not be able to adjust fades or edit points when the project is imported in another application. 6.Select “1.0 File” or “2.0 File”, depending on which OMF version is supported by the application in which you plan to import the file.
458 File handling Select whether you want to include all audio data in the OMF file (“Export All to One File”) or use references only (“Export Media File References”). If you choose “Export All to One File”, the OMF file will be totally “self- contained”, but possibly very large. If you choose “Export Media File Ref- erences”, the file will be small, but the referenced audio files must be available for the receiving application. 7.If you selected the “2.0 File” option above, you can choose whether to include the volume settings and fades for the events (as set up with the event volume and fade handles) as well as the clip names – to include these in the OMF file, activate “Export Clip Based Volume”, “Use Fade Curves” and/or “Export Clip Names”, respectively. 8.Specify a sample size (resolution) for the exported files (or use the current project settings). 9.If you activate “Quantize Events to Frames”, the event positions in the exported file will be moved to exact frames. 10.Click OK, and specify a name and location in the file dialog that opens. The exported OMF file will contain (or reference) all audio files that are played in the project (including fade and edit files). It will not include unused audio files referenced in the Pool, or any MIDI data. Video files are not included. Importing OMF files 1.Pull down the File menu and open the Import submenu. 2.On the submenu, select “OMF…”. 3.In the file dialog that opens, locate the OMF file and click Open. If there is already an open project, a dialog opens in which you can select whether a new project should be created for the file or not. If you select “No”, the OMF file will be imported into the current project. 4.If you choose to create a new project, a file dialog opens in which you can select the project folder. Select an existing project folder or create a new one by clicking on Cre- ate and entering a name in the dialog. 5.The Import options dialog opens, allowing you to choose a track for the import. Activating the “Import all media” option allows you to import media that is not referenced by events. Activating the “Import Clip Gain as Automation” option imports volume automation and envelopes of the Volume Automation Track of each track. If the OMF file contains Video Event information, you are asked whether you want to create Markers at the start po- sition of the Video Events. This allows you to manually import the video files, using the Markers as position references. A new, untitled project is created (or tracks are added to the existing project), containing the Audio Events of the imported OMF file. Exporting and importing standard MIDI files Cubase can import and export Standard MIDI Files, which makes it possible to transfer MIDI material to and from vir- tually any MIDI application on any platform. When you im- port and export MIDI files, you can also specify whether certain settings associated with the tracks should be in- cluded in the files (automation subtracks, volume and pan settings etc.). Exporting MIDI files To export your MIDI tracks as a Standard MIDI File, pull down the File menu and select “MIDI File…” from the Ex- port submenu. A regular file dialog opens, allowing you to specify a location and name for the file.
459 File handling When you have specified a location and a name for the file, click “Save”. The Export Options dialog opens, allowing you to specify a number of options for the file – what should be included in the file, its type and its resolution (see below for descriptions of the options). The Export Options dialog. You will also find these settings in the Preferences (MIDI– MIDI File page). If you set these up once and for all in the Preferences, you only need to click OK in the Export Op- tions dialog to proceed. The dialog contains the following options:ÖThe MIDI file will include the Tempo track. ÖInspector settings other than those specified in the Ex- port options are not included in the MIDI file! To include these, you need to convert the settings to “real” MIDI events and properties by using the Merge MIDI in Loop function for each track, see “Merge MIDI in Loop” on page 331. Importing MIDI files To import a MIDI file from disk, proceed as follows: 1.Select “MIDI File…” from the Import submenu on the File menu. 2.If there is already an open project, a dialog opens in which you can select whether a new project should be created for the file or not. If you select “No”, the MIDI file will be imported into the current project. 3.Locate and select the MIDI file in the file dialog that opens and click Open. If you choose to create a new project, select the project folder. Select an existing project folder or create a new by clicking on Create and entering a name in the dialog. Option Description Export Inspector PatchIf this is activated, the MIDI patch settings in the Inspec- tor – Bank Select and Program Select (used for selecting sounds in the connected MIDI instrument) are included as MIDI Bank Select and Program Change events in the MIDI file. Export Inspector Volume/PanIf this is activated, Volume and Pan settings made in the Inspector are included as MIDI Volume and Pan events in the MIDI file. Export AutomationIf this is activated, recorded automation (see the chapter “Automation” on page 203) is converted to MIDI control- ler events and included in the MIDI file. This also includes automation recorded with the MIDIControl plug-in. This is described in the chapter “MIDI Effects” of the separate manual “Plug-in Reference”. Export Inserts If this is activated and you are using any MIDI plug-ins as insert effects, the modifications to the original MIDI notes that occur as a result of the effect(s) will be included in the MIDI file. A MIDI delay, for example, will produce a number of repeats to a MIDI note by actually adding addi- tional, “echoing” notes at rhythmic intervals – these notes will be included in the MIDI file if the option is activated. Export Sends If this is activated and you are using any MIDI plug-ins as send effects, the modifications to the original MIDI notes that occur as a result of the effect(s) will be included in the MIDI file. Export Marker If this is activated, any markers you have added (see “Us- ing markers” on page 106) will be included in the MIDI file as Standard MIDI File Marker events. Export as Type 0If this is activated, the MIDI file will be of Type 0 (all data on a single track, but on different MIDI channels). If you don’t activate this option, the MIDI file will be of Type 1 (data on separate tracks). Which type to choose de- pends on what you want to do with the MIDI file (in which application or sequencer it should be used, etc.). Export ResolutionYou can specify a MIDI resolution between 24 – 960 for the MIDI file. The resolution is the number of pulses, or ticks, per quarter note (PPQ) and determines the preci- sion with which you will be able to view and edit the MIDI data. The higher the resolution, the higher the precision. The resolution should be chosen depending on the appli- cation or sequencer with which the MIDI file should be used though, since certain applications and sequencers may not be able to handle certain resolutions. Export Locator RangeIf this is activated, only the range between the locators will be exported. Export includes DelayIf this is activated, the delay of the MIDI track will be in- cluded in the MIDI file. For more information about the Delay option, see “Basic track settings” on page 317. Option Description
460 File handling The MIDI file is imported. The result depends on the con- tents of the MIDI file and the Import Options settings in the Preferences (MIDI–MIDI File page). The Import Options are as follows: When you import a MIDI file into the project, the Tempo track will be adjusted according to the Tempo track in the MIDI file. It is also possible to import a MIDI file from disk by drag- ging and dropping it from the Windows Explorer or the Mac OS Finder into the Cubase Project window. The Im- port Options apply as well.Exporting and importing MIDI loops Cubase allows you to import MIDI loops (file extension “.midiloop”) and to save instrument parts as MIDI loops. MIDI loops are handy, as they contain not only MIDI notes and controllers, but also the associated VST instrument and instrument track preset settings. How to import and export MIDI loops is described in detail in the chapter “VST Instruments and Instrument tracks” on page 182. Exporting and importing tracks (Cubase only) You can export Cubase tracks (Audio, FX, Group, Instru- ment, MIDI and Video) as track archives for import into other Cubase projects (or Nuendo projects). All the infor- mation associated with the tracks will be exported (mixer channel settings, automation tracks, parts and events etc.). If you select the option “Copy” (see below), a sepa- rate “media” folder will be created, containing copies of all referenced audio files. ÖProject-specific settings (such as tempo) are not part of the exported track archives. ÖFor creating track presets from tracks, see “Track Pre- sets” on page 300. Exporting tracks as track archive 1.Select the tracks you wish to export. 2.Pull down the File menu and open the Export submenu. 3.On the submenu, select “Selected Tracks…”. 4.You are prompted to choose between two options: Click Copy to include copies of the media files in the ex- port. A file dialog opens in which you can choose an existing empty folder or create a new folder for saving the track archive (as *.xml file) and its me- dia subfolder, which will contain any associated audio or video files. Click Reference to include merely a reference to the files in the export. A file dialog opens in which you can choose an existing folder for saving the track archive (as single *.xml file). 5.Click OK to save the respective track archive type. Option Description Extract First PatchIf this is activated, the first Program Change and Bank Select events for each track are converted to Inspector settings for the track. Extract First Volume/PanIf this is activated, the first MIDI Volume and Pan events for each track are converted to Inspector settings for the track. Import Controller as Automation TracksIf this is activated, MIDI controller events in the MIDI file will be converted to automation data for the MIDI tracks. Import to Left LocatorIf this is activated, the imported MIDI file will be placed so that it starts at the position of the left locator – otherwise it will start at the beginning of the project. Note that if you choose to have a new project created automatically, the MIDI file will always start at the beginning of the project. Import Marker If this is activated, Standard MIDI File Markers in the file will be imported and converted to Cubase markers. Import dropped File as single PartIf this is activated and you drag and drop a MIDI file into the project, the whole file will be placed on a single track. Ignore Master- track Events on MergeIf this is activated and you import a MIDI file into the cur- rent project, tempo track data in the MIDI file is ignored. The imported MIDI file will play according to the current Tempo track in the project. Auto Dissolve Format 0If this is activated and you import a MIDI file of type 0 into the project, the file will automatically be “dissolved”: For each embedded MIDI channel in the file, a separate track will be inserted in the Project window. If this is deactivated, only one MIDI track will be created. This track will be set to MIDI Channel “Any”, allowing all MIDI events to play back on their original channels. You can also use the “Dissolve Part” function on the MIDI menu to distribute the events onto different tracks with different MIDI Channels at a later stage. Import to Instru- ment tracksIf this is activated and you drag a MIDI file into the project, an Instrument track will be created instead of a MIDI track. Furthermore, the program will load the corre- sponding track preset for the instrument track (based on the program change events included in the MIDI file).