Steinberg Cubase Studio 4 Operation Manual Studio Manual

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Audio effects
You can bypass individual effects (or all effects) by 
clicking the corresponding Bypass button(s) for the FX 
channel track.
See “Routing an audio channel or bus through insert effects” on page 165.
You can also adjust level, pan and EQ for the effect re-
turn in the FX Channel Settings window.
This can also be done in the mixer or in the Inspector.
ÖRemember that the more effect units you use, the 
higher the CPU load.
Setting up the sends
The next step is to set up a send for an audio channel and 
route it to the FX channel. This can be done in the mixer (in 
the extended panel), in the Channel Settings window or in 
the Inspector for the audio track. The example below 
shows the Channel Settings window, but the procedure is 
similar for all three sections:
1.Click the “e” button for an audio channel to bring up its 
Channel Settings window.
In the mixer you would select one of the Sends modes for the extended 
mixer panel; in the Inspector you would click the Sends tab.
In the Channel Settings window, the send section is lo-
cated to the left of the channel strip by default. Each of the 
eight sends has the following controls:
 An On/Off button for activating/deactivating the effect
 A send level slider
 A pre/post-fader switch
 An “e” (edit) button
Note that the last three items are not shown until the send 
is activated and an effect has been loaded.
2.Pull down the routing pop-up menu for a send by 
clicking in the empty slot, and select the desired routing 
destination.
 If the first item on this menu (“No Bus”) is selected, the send 
isn’t routed anywhere. Items called “FX 1”, “FX 2” etc. correspond to existing FX 
tracks. If you renamed an FX track (see “Adding an FX channel 
track” on page 170) that name will appear on this menu in-
stead of the default.
 The menu also allows for routing a send directly to output bus-
ses, separate output bus channels or Group channels.
3.Select an FX channel track from the pop-up menu.
Now the send is routed to the FX channel.
4.Click the power button for the effect send so that it 
lights up in blue.
This activates the send.
5.Click and drag the send level slider to a moderate 
value.
The send level determines how much of the signal from the audio chan-
nel is routed to the FX channel via the send.
Setting the Send level.
6.If you want the signal to be sent to the FX channel be-
fore the audio channel’s volume fader in the mixer, click on 
the Pre-Fader button for the send so that it lights up.
Normally you want the effect send to be proportional to the channel vol-
ume (post-fader send). The picture below shows where the sends are 
“tapped” from the signal in pre and post-fader mode.
Input gain
Insert effects 1-6
EQ
Volume (fader)
Insert effects 7-8
Pre-fader sends
Post-fader sends 
						

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Audio effects A send set to pre-fader mode.
ÖYou can choose whether a send in pre-fader mode 
should be affected by the channel’s Mute button or not.
This is done with the option “Mute Pre-Send when Mute” in the Prefe-
rences dialog (VST page).
When one or several sends are activated for a channel, 
the Send Effects buttons light up in blue in the mixer and 
the Track list. Click the button for a channel to bypass 
(disable) all its effect sends.
When the sends are bypassed, the button is yellow. Click the button again 
to enable the sends. Note that this button is also available in the Inspector 
and the Channel settings window.
Click this button to bypass the sends.
You can also bypass individual sends in the channel 
overview.
See “Insert effects in the channel overview” on page 166.
You can also bypass the send effects by clicking the 
“Bypass Inserts” button for the FX channel.
This bypasses the actual send effects which may be used by several dif-
ferent channels. Bypassing a send affects that send and that channel 
only. If you bypass the insert effect the original sound will be passed 
through. This may lead to unwanted side effects (higher volume). To de-
activate all effects, use the mute button in the FX channel.
Setting pan for the sends (Cubase only)
By default, the sends for an audio channel follow any pan 
settings – stereo or surround – you make for the channel 
itself. This means that if an audio channel is panned to the 
right, the signal from its effect sends will be panned the 
same way, making the stereo imaging as clear and true as 
possible.
However, you may want to have different pan settings for 
the sends. There are several uses for this:
 If you route a send from a mono channel to a stereo FX chan-
nel track, you can position the send signal at center pan in the 
stereo FX channel (or anywhere you like).
 If you route a send from a stereo channel to a mono FX chan-
nel track, the pan control works as a crossfader, determining 
the balance between the stereo sides when the stereo send 
signal is mixed to mono.
 If you route a send from a mono or stereo channel to a FX 
channel track in surround format, you can use the surround 
panner to position the send signal in the surround image.
You set up send panning in the following way:
1.Open the Channel Settings window for the audio 
channel.
2.Right-click somewhere in the Channel settings win-
dow (not the EQ display), to open the context menu and 
open the “Customize View” submenu. 
						

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Audio effects
3.From the submenu, select “Send Routing” and “Con-
trol Strip”.
In the Send Routing section of the Channel Settings window, each send is 
shown as a small routing diagram showing a pre/post selector to the right 
and a pan fader (where applicable). In the Control Strip section, you can 
activate the option “Link Send Routing Panners to Channel Panner as De-
fault”. When this is activated, the send panners follow the pan for the chan-
nel. This item is also available in the Preferences dialog (VST page).
The Sends, Send Routing and Control Strip sections in the Channel Set-
tings window.
4.Click and drag the pan control for the desired send(s) 
in the display.
You can reset the pan control to the center position by [Ctrl]/[Command]-
clicking on the pan control.
If the FX channel is configured in a surround format, the 
pan control will be a miniature surround panner, similar to 
the one found in the mixer.
You can click and drag the “ball” in the miniature panner display to posi-
tion the send in the surround field, or double-click in the display to bring 
up the surround panner. See the chapter “Surround sound  (Cubase 
only)” on page 195.
ÖIf both the send (the audio channel) and the FX chan-
nel are in mono, the pan control is not available.
About sends for FX channels (Cubase only)
The FX channels themselves have sends, too.
Setting effect levels
When you have set up the sends as described in the pre-
vious sections, you can do the following:
You can use the send level slider in the Channel Set-
tings window, the Inspector or the extended mixer panel to 
set the send level.
By adjusting the send level, you control the amount of signal sent from 
the audio channel to the FX channel.
Setting the effect send level.
In the mixer, you can use the level fader for the FX chan-
nel to set the effect return level.
By adjusting the return level, you control the amount of the signal sent 
from the FX channel to the output bus.
Setting the effect return level.
Link Send Routing 
Panners to Channel 
Panner
The Control Strip section 
						

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Audio effects
FX channels and the Solo Defeat function
When mixing, you might sometimes want to solo specific 
audio channels, and listen only to these while other chan-
nels are muted. However, this will mute all FX channels as 
well. If the soloed audio channels have sends routed to FX 
channels, this means you won’t hear the send effects for 
the channels.
To remedy this, you can use the Solo Defeat function for 
the FX channel:
1.[Alt]/[Option]-click the Solo button for the FX channel.
This activates the Solo Defeat function for the FX channel. In this mode, 
the FX channel will not be muted if you solo another channel in the mixer.
2.You can now solo any of the audio channels without 
having the effect return (the FX channel) muted.
To turn off the Solo Defeat function for the FX channel, 
[Alt]/[Option]-click the Solo button for the FX channel 
again.
Using the Side-Chain input
Many VST 3.0 effects feature a side-chain input. Side-
chaining allows you e. g. to lower the music volume when 
someone is speaking (“ducking”) or to use compression 
on e. g. a bass sound when the drums are hit, thereby 
“harmonizing” the intensity of the two instruments. An-
other possibility is to use the side chain signal as a source 
for modulation.
The following types of effects feature side-chain inputs:
Delay plug-ins
The included delay plug-ins with side-chain functionality are MonoDelay, 
PingPongDelay and StereoDelay.
Dynamics plug-ins
The included dynamics plug-ins with side-chain functionality are Com-
pressor, Expander, Gate and VintageCompressor.
Modulation plug-ins
The included modulation plug-ins with side-chain functionality are Auto-
Pan, Flanger, Phaser, StudioChorus, Tremolo and Vibrato.
Filter plug-ins
The included filter plug-in with side-chain functionality is the WahWah 
effect.
Setting up side-chain
ÖCertain combinations of tracks and side-chain inputs 
may lead to feedback loops and added latency. If this is 
the case, the side-chain options will not be available.
Delay plug-ins
The delay repeats can be silenced by side-chain signals 
exceeding a certain threshold.
You can use this feature to create a so-called “ducking 
delay” for your vocals. Let’s say you want to add a delay 
effect that is audible only when no signal is present on the 
vocal track. For this, you need to set up a delay effect 
which is deactivated every time the vocals start again.
Proceed as follows:
1.Select the vocal track. 
2.On the Project menu, select “Duplicate Tracks”.
Now you can use the vocal events on the second track to silence the de-
lay effect.
3.Open the Insert tab for the first Vocal track in the In-
spector and select “PingPongDelay” from the Effects 
pop-up menu.
The control panel for the effect opens.
4.On the control panel for the effect, make the desired 
effect settings and activate the Side Chain button.
Try out the effect settings to find out which settings will work best with your 
project. For detailed descriptions of the parameters, see the separate man-
ual “Plug-in Reference”.
5.In the Track list, select the second vocal track.
!For detailed descriptions of the plug-ins that feature 
side-chaining, see the separate manual “Plug-in Ref-
erence”. 
						

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Audio effects
6.Pull down the Output Routing pop-up menu and on 
the Side-Chain submenu, select the PingPongDelay ef-
fect you set up for the vocal track.
This way, the signals from the second (duplicate) track are routed to the 
effect (and do not end up in the mix).
Now every time the signals on the vocal track exceed the 
threshold, the delay will be deactivated. Since the thres-
hold for the delay effect is fixed, you may have to adjust 
the volume of track 2, in this example, to ensure that vocal 
parts of low or middle volume will also silence the delay 
effect.
Dynamics plug-ins
Compression, expansion or gating can be triggered by 
side-chain signals exceeding a specified threshold.
You may run into a situation where you want to lower the 
volume of one instrument every time another instrument is 
played. You could e. g. want to lower the volume of the bass 
guitar during the bass drum hits. This can be achieved by 
applying compression to the bass guitar signal every time 
the drum signals are present on the respective track.
Proceed as follows:
1.Select the bass guitar track.
2.Open the Inserts tab in the Inspector, click in an insert 
slot to open the effect selection pop-up menu and, on the 
Dynamics submenu, select “Compressor”.
The effect is loaded into the effect slot and the effect control panel opens. 
3.Make the desired effect settings (you will most likely 
have to adjust them later to get the right compression 
level) and activate the Side-Chain button.
4.Select the bass drum track. 5.Open the Sends Inspector section, click in a send slot 
and from the Side-Chain submenu, select the Compres-
sor effect you created for the bass guitar track. Adjust the 
Send level.
This way, the bass drum signal triggers the compressor on the bass gui-
tar track.
When you now play back the project, the bass guitar will 
be compressed whenever the signals on the bass drum 
track exceed the threshold.
Modulation plug-ins
Side-chain signals bypass the built-in LFO modulation 
and instead apply modulation according to the envelope 
of the side-chain signal. Since each channel will be ana-
lyzed and modulated separately, this allows for creating 
astonishing spatial stereo or surround modulation effects. 
Feel free to experiment with the functions to see what they 
have to offer!
About drag&drop and Side chain connections
When you drag effects from one insert slot to another (on 
the same channel or between different channels), the fol-
lowing applies:
 When you move an effect within a channel (e. g. from slot 4 to 
slot 6), the side chain connections will be kept.
 When you drag and drop an effect between two channels, the 
side chain connections will not be kept.
 When copying an effect into another effect slot (for the same 
or a different channel), the side chain connections will not be 
copied, i.  e. they will be lost.
Using external effects (Cubase only)
Although this program comes with a top selection of VST 
effect plug-ins, and although there’s a huge range of addi-
tional plug-ins available on the market, you may still have 
some hardware effect units that you want to use – valve 
compressors, reverb units, vintage tape echo machines, 
etc. By setting up external FX busses you can make your 
outboard equipment part of the Cubase virtual studio!
An external FX bus is a combination of outputs (sends) 
and inputs (returns) on your audio hardware, along with a 
few additional settings. All external FX busses you have 
created will appear on the effect pop-up menus and can 
be selected like the internal effect plug-ins. The difference  
						

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Audio effects
is that if you select an external effect as an insert effect for 
an audio track, the audio will be sent to the corresponding 
audio output, processed in your hardware effect (provided 
that you have connected it properly) and returned via the 
specified audio input.
ÖCreating and handling of external effects is described 
in detail in the chapter “VST Connections: Setting up in-
put and output busses” on page 13.
Making settings for the effects
Editing effects
All inserts and sends have an Edit (“e”) button. Clicking 
this opens the control panel for the effect, in which you 
can make parameter settings.
The contents, design and layout of the control panel de-
pends on the selected effect. However, all effect control 
panels have an On/Off button, a Bypass button, Read/
Write automation buttons (for automating effect parame-
ter changes, see the chapter “Automation” on page 203), 
a preset pop-up menu and a Preset Management pop-up 
menu for saving and loading effect presets. Some plug-ins 
also feature a side-chain button, see “Using the Side-
Chain input” on page 174.
The Rotary effect control panel.
Please note that all effects can be edited using a simpli-
fied control panel (horizontal sliders only, no graphics). This 
panel is opened by pressing [Ctrl]/[Command]+[Alt]/[Op-
tion]+[Shift] and clicking on the Edit button for the effect 
send or slot.
Effect control panels may have any combination of knobs, 
sliders, buttons and graphic curves. 
ÖThe included effects and their parameters are de-
scribed in detail in the separate manual “Plug-in Refer-
ence”.If you edit the parameters for an effect, these settings 
are saved automatically with the project.
You can also save the current settings as a preset, see 
below.
Effects parameters can be automated – see the chapter 
“Automation” on page 203.
Effect presets
Effect preset management in Cubase is very versatile. In 
the MediaBay – or with certain limits in the Save Preset di-
alog – you can assign attributes to presets which allow 
you to organize and browse them according to various cri-
teria. Cubase comes with a huge array of categorized 
track and VST presets that you can use straight out of the 
box. You can also preview effect presets before loading 
them which considerably speeds up the process of find-
ing the right effect preset.
Effect presets can be divided into the following main cate-
gories:
VST presets for a plug-in.
These are stored parameter settings for a specific effect.
Inserts presets that contain insert effect combinations.
These can contain the whole insert effects rack, complete with settings 
for each effect, see “Saving insert effect combinations” on page 178.
Selecting effect presets
Most VST effect plug-ins come with a number of useful 
presets for instant selection.
The preset browser
To select an effect preset in the preset browser, proceed 
as follows:
1.Load an effect, either as a channel insert or into an FX 
channel.
The control panel for the effect is displayed. 
						

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Audio effects
2.Click in the preset field at the top of the control panel.
This opens the preset browser.
You can also open the Preset browser from the Inspec-
tor (Inserts tab) or the Channel Settings window.
3.Select the desired preset in the list.
4.Activate playback to audition the selected preset.
Simply step through the presets until you found the right sound. It may be 
helpful to set up cycle playback of a section to make comparisons be-
tween different preset settings easier.
5.Double-click on the desired preset (or click outside 
the Preset browser) to apply the preset.
To return to the preset that was selected when you 
opened the Preset browser, click the Reset button.
You can also open the Preset browser by clicking the 
SoundFrame button to the right of the preset field an se-
lecting “Load Preset” from the Preset Management pop-
up menu.
The preset handling for VST 2 plug-ins is slightly differ-
ent, see “About earlier VST effect presets” on page 178.
The Browser sections
The Preset browser contains the following sections:
The “Search & Viewer” section (displayed by default) 
lists the available presets for the selected effect.
The Filter section (displayed when you click the Cate-
gories button) shows the available preset attributes for the 
selected effect.
If no attributes have been specified for the effect presets, the columns 
will be empty. If attributes have been assigned to a preset for this effect, 
you can click on the attribute in the respective column (Category, Style 
etc.), to filter out all presets that do not match the selected attribute(s).
If you also activate the “Show Location” button, the 
Browser & Filter section is displayed, allowing you to 
specify the Presets folder that should be searched for 
preset files.
Saving effect presets
You can save your edited effect settings as presets for 
further use (e.g. in other projects):
1.Click the SoundFrame button to open the Preset 
Management pop-up menu.
2.Select “Save Preset…” from the pop-up menu.
This opens a dialog where you can save the current settings as a preset.
3.In the File name field in the lower part of the Save Pre-
set dialog, enter a name for the new preset. 
						

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Audio effects
If you wish to assign attributes to the preset, click the 
Tag Editor button.
Click in the Value column to select an appropriate “tag” for one or sev-
eral of the available categories in the Attributes column. For further infor-
mation on preset handling and the Tag Editor, see the chapter “The 
MediaBay” on page 287.
4.Click OK to store the preset and exit the dialog.
User-defined presets are saved in the following location:
 Win: Documents and Settings/User name/Application data/
VST3 presets\\ 
 Mac: Users//Library/Audio/Presets//
You cannot change the default folder, but you can add fur-
ther subfolders inside the individual effect preset folders.
About earlier VST effect presets
As stated previously, you can use any VST 2.x plug-ins in 
Cubase. For a description of how to add VST plug-ins see 
“Installing and managing effect plug-ins” on page 179.
When you add a VST 2 plug-in, any previously stored pre-
sets for it will be in the old FX program/bank format (.fxp/
.fxb). You can import such files, but the preset handling will 
be slightly different. You will not be able to use the new fea-
tures like the Tag editor until you have converted the old 
“.fxp/.fxb” presets to VST 3 presets. If you save new pre-
sets for the included VST 2 plug-ins, these will automati-
cally be saved in the new “.vstpreset” format.
Importing and converting FXB/FXP files
To import .fxp/.fxb files, proceed as follows:
1.Load any VST 2 effect you may have installed, and click 
on the SoundFrame button to open the Preset Manage-
ment pop-up menu.2.Select “Import FXB/FXP…” from the pop-up.
This menu item is only available for VST 2 plug-ins.
3.In the file dialog that opens, locate the .fxp file and 
click Open.
If you load a bank (.fxb), it will replace the current set of all effect pro-
grams. If you load a single program, it will replace the currently selected 
effect program only. Note that such files exist only if you created your 
own .fxp/.fxb presets with a previous version of Cubase (or any other 
VST 2 application).
4.After importing, you can convert the current program 
list to VST presets by selecting “Convert Program List to 
VST Presets” from the Preset Management pop-up.
After converting, the presets will be available in the Preset Browser, and 
you can use the Tag Editor to add attributes and audition the presets. 
The new converted presets will be stored in the VST3 Preset folder.
Saving insert effect combinations
You can save the complete insert effect rack for a channel 
together with all parameter settings as an inserts preset. 
Inserts presets can be applied to audio, instruments, FX 
channel or group tracks.
This works as follows:
1.Select the desired track in the Track list and open the 
Inserts Inspector section.
2.Load a combination of insert effects and adjust the pa-
rameters (or select effect presets) for each effect.
3.At the top of the Inserts tab, click the SoundFrame 
button to open the Preset Management pop-up menu for 
the inserts and select “Store Preset”.
This can also be done from the Channel Settings window using the 
SoundFrame button at the top of the Inserts section.
4.Type in a name for the preset in the dialog that appears.
!All VST 2 presets can be converted to VST 3 presets. 
						

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Audio effects
5.Select the track (audio/group/instrument/fx channel) 
you wish to apply the new preset to, and click its Sound-
Frame button.
As you can see, the new preset is available at the top of the pop-up menu.
6.Select the preset you created from the pop-up menu.
The effects are loaded into the Insert slots of the new track, and the con-
trol panels for all effects are opened.
Note that when loading insert combination presets, any 
plug-ins that were previously loaded for the track will be 
removed, regardless of whether these slots are used in 
the preset.
In other words, saving an inserts preset means saving the states of all in-
sert slots.
You can use the Preset Management pop-up to save 
your settings as preset, or to rename or remove the cur-
rent preset.
Extracting insert effect settings from track presets
You can extract the effects used in a track preset and load 
them into your inserts “rack”: 
Select “From Track Preset…” on the Preset Manage-
ment pop-up menu to open a dialog where all track pre-
sets are shown.
Select an item in the list to load the effects used in the 
track preset.
Track presets are described in the chapter “Track Pre-
sets” on page 300.
Installing and managing effect plug-
ins
Cubase supports two plug-in formats; the VST 2 format 
(with the file name extensions “.dll” on the PC and “.VST” 
on the Mac) and the VST 3 format (extension “.vst3” on 
both platforms). The formats are handled differently when 
it comes to installation and organizing.
Installing additional VST plug-ins
Installing VST 3 plug-ins under Mac OS X
To install a VST 3.x plug-in under Mac OS X, quit Cubase 
and drag the plug-in file into one of the following folders:
/Library/Audio/Plug-Ins/VST3/
This is only possible if you are the system administrator. Plug-ins in-
stalled in this folder will be available to all users, for all programs that 
support them.
Users/Username/Library/Audio/Plug-Ins/VST3/
“Username” is the name you use to log on to the computer (the easiest 
way to open this folder is to go to your “Home” folder and use the path /
Library/Audio/Plug-Ins/VST/ from there). Plug-ins installed in this folder 
are only available to you.
When you launch Cubase again, the new effects will ap-
pear on the effect pop-up menus. In the VST 3 protocol, the 
effect category, sub-folder structure etc. are built-in and 
cannot be changed. The effect(s) will simply show up in the 
assigned category folder(s) on the Effect pop-up menu.
Installing VST 2.x plug-ins under Mac OS X
To install a VST 2.x plug-in under Mac OS X, quit Cubase 
and drag the plug-in file to one of the following folders:
/Library/Audio/Plug-Ins/VST/
This is only possible if you are the system administrator. Plug-ins in-
stalled in this folder will be available to all users, for all programs that 
support them.
Username/Library/Audio/Plug-Ins/VST/
“Username” is the name you use to log on to the computer (the easiest 
way to open this folder is to go to your “Home” folder and use the path /
Library/Audio/Plug-Ins/VST/ from there). Plug-ins installed in this folder 
are only available to you.
When you launch Cubase again, the new effects will ap-
pear on the effect pop-up menus.
!Plug-ins in Mac OS 9.X format cannot be used. 
						

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Audio effects
ÖIf an effect plug-in comes with its own installation ap-
plication, you should use this.
As a general rule, always read the documentation or readme files before 
installing new plug-ins.
Installing VST 3 plug-ins under Windows
Under Windows, VST 3 plug-ins are installed by dragging 
the files (with the extension “.vst3”) into the vst3 folder in 
the Cubase application folder. When you launch Cubase 
again, the new effects will appear on the Effect pop-up 
menus. In the VST 3 protocol, the effect category, sub-
folder structure etc. are built-in and cannot be changed. 
The installed new effect(s) will simply show up in the as-
signed category folder(s) on the effect pop-up menu.
Installing VST 2 plug-ins under Windows
Under Windows, VST 2.x plug-ins are installed by dragging 
the files (with the extension “.dll”) into the Vstplugins folder 
in the Cubase application folder, or into the Shared VST 
Plug-in folder – see below. When you launch Cubase 
again, the new effects will appear on the effect pop-up 
menus.
ÖIf an effect plug-in comes with its own installation ap-
plication, you should use this.
As a general rule, always read the documentation before installing new 
plug-ins.
Organizing VST 2 plug-ins
If you have a large number of VST 2 plug-ins, having them 
all on a single pop-up menu in the program may become 
unmanageable. For this reason, the VST 2 plug-ins in-
stalled with Cubase are placed in appropriate subfolders 
according to the effect type.
Under Windows, you can organize VST plug-ins by mov-
ing, adding or renaming subfolders within the Vstplugins 
folder. 
When you launch the program and pull down an effects pop-up menu, 
the subfolders will be represented by hierarchical submenus, each listing 
the plug-ins in the corresponding subfolder.
Under Mac OS X, you cannot change the hierarchic ar-
rangement of the “built-in” VST plug-ins.
However, you can arrange any additional plug-ins you have installed (in the 
/Library/Audio/Plug-Ins/VST/ folders, see above) by placing them in sub-
folders. In the program, the subfolders will be represented by hierarchical 
submenus, each listing the plug-ins in the corresponding subfolder.
About the effects from previous Cubase versions
The Legacy folder on the program DVD contains effects 
from previous versions of Cubase.
The main reason for installing these earlier plug-ins is 
backwards compatibility, allowing you to import old Cu-
base projects and get the correct effect settings.
The Plug-in Information window
On the Devices menu, you will find an item called “Plug-in 
Information”. Selecting this opens a dialog listing all the 
available VST compatible plug-ins in your system (includ-
ing VST Instruments), along with all MIDI plug-ins.
Managing and selecting VST plug-ins
To display all available VST plug-ins, open the “VST 
PlugIns” tab.
To enable a plug-in (make it available for selection), put 
a check mark in the left column.
Only the enabled plug-ins will appear on the effect menus.
The Instances column indicates how many instances of 
the plug-in are currently used in Cubase.
Clicking in this column for a plug-in which is already in use produces a 
pop-up showing exactly where each use occurs.
ÖA plug-in may be in use even if it isn’t enabled in the 
left column. 
You might for example have opened a project containing effects that are 
currently disabled on the menu. The left column only determines whether 
or not the plug-in will be visible on the effect menus.
All columns can be resized by dragging the divider in 
the column header.