Sony Vegas 6 Manual

							APPENDIX BGLOSSARY
387
SMPTE
SMPTE is the acronym for the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE). SMPTE 
timecode is used to synchronize time between devices. The timecode is calculated in 
Hours:Minutes:Seconds:Frames, where Frames are fractions of a second based on the frame rate. Typical 
frame rates for SMPTE timecode can be 24, 25, 29.97 or 30 frames per second, depending on your local 
standards.
SMPTE Drop Frame Timecode
A method of measuring time in video. Drop frame involves skipping two frame numbers (no frames are 
actually dropped) every ten minutes to compensate for the difference between NTSC 29.97 fps video and 30 
frame counts per second.
Te l e c i n e
The process of creating 30 fps video (television) from 24 fps film (cinema). See inverse telecine and pulldown.
Te m p o
Tempo is the rhythmic rate of a musical composition, usually specified in beats per minute (BPM).
Time Format
The format in which Vegas software displays the ruler and selection times. These include: time, seconds, 
frames and all standard SMPTE frame rates. 
Time Signature
See Beats Per Measure.
Timecode
For more information, see Timecode on page 373.
Tr a ck
A discrete timeline for audio or video data. Events are placed on tracks and determine when sound or images 
start and stop. Multiple audio tracks are mixed together to give you a composite sound that you hear. 
Multiple video tracks are composited on top of each other to create the final video output.
Track List
The track list appears at the left side of the Vegas workspace and contains the master controls for each track. 
From here you can adjust track volume or transparency, add track effects, mute or solo tracks, and reorder 
tracks.
Track View
The track view, or timeline, is the space events appear on tracks.
µ-Law
µ-Law (mu-Law) is a companded compression algorithm for voice signals defined by the Geneva 
Recommendations (G.711). The G.711 recommendation defines µ-Law as a method of encoding 16-bit 
PCM signals into a nonlinear 8-bit format. The algorithm is commonly used in European and Asian 
telecommunications. µ-Law is very similar to A-Law, however, each uses a slightly different coder and 
decoder. 
						

							388
GLOSSARYAPPENDIX B
Undo Buffer
This is the temporary file created before you do any processing to a project. This undo buffer allows the 
ability to revert to previous versions of the project if you decide you don’t like changes you’ve made to the 
project. This undo buffer is erased when the file is closed or when you choose 
Clear Edit History from the Edit 
menu.
Undo/Redo
These commands allow you to change a project back to a previous state when you don’t like the changes you 
have made, or reapply the changes after you have undone them. The ability to undo/redo is only limited by 
the size of your hard drive. See Undo Buffer.
Undo/Redo History
A list of all of the functions that have been performed to a file that are available to be undone or redone. 
The undo/redo history gives you the ability to undo or redo multiple functions. To display the history list, 
click the down-arrow on the 
Undo () or Redo () button.
Video for Windows (AVI)
See AVI.
Virtual MIDI Router (VMR)
A software-only router for MIDI data between programs. Vegas software uses the VMR to receive MIDI 
timecode and send MIDI clock. No MIDI hardware or cables are required for a VMR, so routing can only be 
performed between programs running on the same PC.
WAV
A digital audio file format developed by Microsoft and IBM. One minute of uncompressed audio requires 
10 MB of storage.
Waveform
A waveform is the visual representation of wave-like phenomena, such as sound or light. For example, when 
the amplitude of sound pressure is graphed over time, pressure variations usually form a smooth waveform.
Waveform Display
A section inside of the Trimmer window or on an audio event that shows a graph of the sound data 
waveform. The vertical axis corresponds to the amplitude of the wave. For 16-bit sounds, the amplitude 
range is -32,768 to +32,767. For 24-bit sounds, the range is -8,388,607 to +8,388,607. The horizontal axis 
corresponds to time, with the left-most point being the start of the waveform. In memory, the horizontal axis 
corresponds to the number of samples from the start of the sound file.
Zero-crossing
A zero-crossing is the point where a fluctuating signal crosses the zero amplitude axis. By making edits at 
zero-crossings with the same slope, the chance of creating glitches is minimized. Vegas software simulates 
zero crossings by applying short (10 mS default) fades to trimmed audio.
Zipper noise
Zipper noise occurs when you apply a changing gain to a signal, such as when fading out. If the gain does not 
change in small enough increments, zipper noise can become very noticeable. Vegas software fades are 
accomplished using 64-bit arithmetic, thereby creating no zipper noise. 
						

							INDEX
i
Index
Numerics
5.1 Surround Plug-In Pack, 222
5.1 Surround, See Surround
A
A/B roll, See Tracks, Track layers
AAF
importing, 54
Add channels panning model, 146, 217
Adding empty tracks, 141
Adding media to a bin, 52
Alignment
fixing audio/video, 109
Alpha channel, 263
In images, 226, 228
Selecting type for media file, 226
Animation, 246
Arming tracks to record, 65, 201
ASR, See Envelopes
Assignable effects, 187–188, 189
Assigning tracks to, 146, 188
Automation, 157
Routing to busses, 188
Volume adjustment, 146, 188
Volume envelope, 163
Attributes
Copying from one event to another, 175
Audio CD tab, 334
Audio channels, 174
Audio Device preferences, 343
Audio Display preferences, 349
Audio editor program, 122–123
Opening from Trimmer, 136
Opening from Vegas, 123
Setting up, 123
Audio effects, 189–196
Adding via Plug-in Chooser dialog, 191
Adding via Plug-Ins window, 192
Assignable effects, 187–188
Automation, 159
Bypassing plug-ins, 194
Creating a plug-in chain, 191
Plug-Ins window, 28
Rearranging chain order, 193
Removing plug-ins from chain, 194
Audio preferences, 342
Advanced control settings, 343
Playback buffering slider, 344
Audio property settings, 333
Audio proxy files, 371
Audio tab, 333
Audio/video alignment problems, 109
Auto-crossfades, converting to transitions, 268
Automating
Mixer controls, 188
Surround panning, 218–221
Automation
Assignable effects automation, 157
Bus automation, 158
Composite level automation, 161
Editing envelopes, 163
Hiding envelopes, 165
Latch mode, 167
Modes, 167
Motion blur automation, 162
Mute automation, 156
Recording, 167
Removing envelopes, 165
Showing or hiding controls, 155
Touch mode, 167
Track automation, 155
Track effect automation, 159
Volume and panning automation, 156
Autosaving, 307
AV I
Bit depth, 314
Channels, 314
Creating a movie, 71
Format, 309, 314
Frame rate, 313
Frame size, 312
Sample rate, 314
Te m p l a t e , 3 1 2 
						

							INDEX
ii
Video compression, 313
B
Balance panning model, 146, 217
Bézier masks, 225, 260
Bins, media, 51
adding media, 52
adding recorded files automatically, 52
creating, 51
deleting media, 52
searching, 52
Blue screening, 264
Broadcast wave
importing, 54
Burning 5.1-channel audio to DVD, 222
Burning audio CDs, 351
Adding pauses between tracks, 354
Creating a CD layout, 353
Disc-at-once burning, 351, 358
Exporting a track list, 356
Importing CD Architect files, 352
Marking tracks and indices, 354
Settings and preferences, 352
Track-at-once burning, 351, 357
Burning CDs
proper use of software, 361
Burning video CDs, 359
Bus automation, 158–159
Bus tracks, 188
Busses, 147, 183–186
Adding to project, 183
Adjusting for clipping, 185
Adjusting volume, 185
Assigning plug-ins to, 189
Assigning tracks to, 65, 147, 186
Automating parameters, 158–159
Automation, 158
Bus send volume envelopes, 163
Controls, 183
Deleting from project, 184
Meter resolution, 185
Muting, 186
Naming/renaming, 186
Panning, 215
Routing to hardware, 184
Soloing, 186
Bypassing
Audio plug-ins, 194
Video plug-ins, 244
C
Capturing images
From a scanner, 49
From the Video Preview window, 227
Capturing Video
Recapturing offline clips, 49
Capturing video, 48
CD
Burning audio CDs, 351
multimedia, 360
CD Architect files, 352
CD layout bar, 23
CD Settings tab, 350
CDs
video, 359
Channels, audio, 174
Checkerboard, 247
Child tracks (compositing), 248, 258
Chromakeying, 264
Multiple keys, 265
Chrominance
monitoring, 295
Clean up prerendered video, 290
Clearing the edit history, 115
Closed captioning, 229–232
Adding from a script, 230–231
Adding line-by-line, 230
Displaying, 232
Color
Ti m e  D i s p l a y  w i n d o w, 3 3 2
Track, 143
Color channels, 294
Color gradient event, 247
Color key, 264
Color levels
monitoring, 297
Command markers, 119
Closed captioning, 229–232
Command bar, 22
Editing, 121
Inserting, 121
Scott Studios, 120
Composite level automation, 161
Composite level envelope, 163
Composite level slider, 64, 148, 161, 251
Composite mode
Setting default, 150
Compositing, 248–251
Compositing modes, 64, 249–251
parent/child tracks, 248, 258
Constant power panning model, 146, 217 
						

							INDEX
iii
Contrast
monitoring, 297
Control surface setup, 346
Converting format, See Rendering
Copying events, 99
Event attributes, 175
Time and events, 100
Time selections, 100
Creating a movie, 71, 307–314
Creating a multimedia CD, 360
Creating bins, 51
Creating DVD with DVD Architect, 222
Credit roll event, 247
Credits, 228
Cropping video, 223–225
Copying and pasting cropping settings, 175
Plug-in processing order, 245
Crossfades, 112–114, 267
Automatic, 112
Curve types, 113
Manually setting, 113
Overlapping files added to timeline, 227
Sliding, 113
Video, 267
Cursor indications, 38
Customizing DVD Architect
toolbar, 334
Customizing keyboard shortcuts, 345
Customizing Vegas, 329
Frame number display, 329
Grid spacing, 331
Preferences, 336–345
Project properties, 333
Rendering settings, 311
Ruler, 329
Time Display window, 331–332
Toolbar, 21
Video Preview window, 287
Cuts, 267
Converting to transitions, 271
Cutting events, 100–101
Ripple mode, 100
Time and events, 101
Time selections, 101
D
Deleting
Busses, 184
CD layout bar markers, 355
Command markers, 122
Envelope points, 164
Events, 109
Keyframes, 274
Markers, 117
Regions, 118
Takes, 131
Tracks, 142
Deleting media from a bin, 52
Digital multitrack setup, 200
DirectX plug-ins, 189, 241
Disable resample, 173
Disc-at-once CD burning, 351, 358
Duplicating
Events, 103
Generated media events, 248
Keyframes, 274
Tracks, 141
DV capture cards, 375
DV format, 234
Out-of-range colors, 235
Selecting source media for, 234
Setting project properties for, 234
Templates for, 234
DV tape
printing to, 323
DVD
burning 5.1-channel audio, 222
creating with DVD Architect, 222
DVD Architect, 222
DVD camcorder
importing from, 55
Dynamic RAM video previews, 291
E
Edge trimming, 103
Edit Decision Lists (EDL), 233
Edit Details window, 27, 138
Audio CD track list category, 138
Closed captioning, 230–231
Commands category, 138
Customizing, 140
Displaying, 138
Edit functions, 138
Editing a CD layout, 356
Events category, 139
Markers category, 139
Regions category, 139
Selected events category, 139
Edit history, clearing, 115
Edit source project, 58
Editing audio in external editor, 123
Editing events, 99 
						

							INDEX
iv
Editing tools
Envelope, 178
Selection, 96
Zoom, 62
Effects
fine-tuning with split-screen previews, 292
Effects, See Plug-Ins
Empty events, 103
Envelope Edit Tool, 165, 178
Envelopes, 163–166, 175–179
Adding points, 163
ASR, 175
Changing fade curves, 164
Deleting from track(s), 165
Deleting points, 164
Event envelopes, 175–179
Fade in and out, 176, 177
Fade types, 176, 178
Hiding on track(s), 165
Mixer controls, 188
Moving points, 164
Opacity, 177
Ripple editing, 111
Track envelopes, 163–166
Ve l o c i t y, 1 7 8
Video, 177
Volume (event), 176
Volume (track), 163
Equipment setup for recording, 199–200
Basic, 199
mixer, 200
With digital multitrack, 200
With MIDI option, 200
Event editing, 99
Event properties
Copying and pasting, 175
Displaying names, 131
Name, changing, 131
Pitch shifting, 127
Event switches, 171–173
Copying and pasting, 175
Invert phase, 172
Lock, 171
Loop, 171
Maintain aspect ratio, 173
Mute, 171
Normalize, 172
Reduce interlace flicker, 173
Resample, 173
Event takes, 130
Adding files as, 130
Changing active, 130
Deleting, 131
Displaying names of, 131
Previewing, 131
Recording audio as new, 203
Renaming, 131
Selecting, 130
Events, 60
adding transitions, 269
Adjusting length, 103
Channels, 174
Copying, 99
Copying and pasting attributes, 175
Crossfading, 112–114, 227, 267
Cutting, 100
Defined, 45
Deleting, 109
Duplicating, 103
edge trimming with keyboard, 105
Editing, 99
Empty, 103
Envelopes, 175–179
Fade in and out, 176
Grouping, 179–180
J-cut, 103
L-cut, 103
Moving by small increments, 61
Moving in time, 60
Moving multiple, 61
Moving single, 60
Name, changing, 131
Pasting, 101, 102
Pitch shifting, 127
Placing, 56, 57
Playback rate, 174
Razor blade, 105
Recording into, 204
repairing audio/video alignment, 109
Reversing, 136
Selecting multiple, 96
Selecting with time, 98
Shifting the contents of, 107
Shuffling, 112
Sliding, 108
Slipping, 107
Slip-trimming, 107
Snapping, 125–126
Splitting, 105, 107
Switches, 171–173
Tr i m m i n g , 1 0 3
Undersample rate, 174
viewing media markers, 136
Expand track keyframes, 64
Expand track layers, 270
Explorer window, 25
Transport bar, 47
Exporting to PSP, 314
External Control & Automation Preferences, 346
External monitor, 300
preferences, 339
secondary Windows display, 301
TV, 301 
						

							INDEX
v
via DeckLink, 303
viewing video on broadcast monitor, 301
F
Fade in and out, 176
Fade to color, 163
Fader
Assignable effects, 147
Bus send, 147, 186
Pan, 145
track, 144
Fading in/out
Mixer controls, 188
Field order, 238, 371
Filters, See Video effects
Focus, 95
Force resample, 173
Frame
freeze, 104, 172, 178
Frame numbers, 329
Frame-by-frame cursor movement, 95
Freeze frame, 104, 172, 178
G
General editing, 95–123
Event vs. file, 60
General preferences, 336
Generator
Adding, 247
Duplicating, 248
window, 28
Generic control surface setup, 348
Glossary, 377–388
Glow, 284
Grid lines
Safe areas, 293
Snapping events to, 125
Spacing, 331
Grouping events, 179–180
Adding to groups, 180
Clearing groups, 180
Creating new groups, 179
Moving grouped events, 61
Removing events from a group, 180
Selecting events in groups, 180
Suspending grouping, 180
H
Hardware
Routing surround to, 211
Setting up for surround, 210
HDV format, 236
HDV tape
printing to, 323, 326
Hiding/showing
Bus tracks, 188
Toolbar, 334
Histogram, 297
Hold keyframe, 275
I
IEEE-1394 DV capture cards, 234, 302, 375
Ignore event grouping, 180
Image masks, 258
Images
Automatically crossfading, 227
Capturing in Vegas, 227, 288
Correcting for DV pixel aspect ratios, 226
Creating for use in Vegas, 226
Creating masks from, 258
Creating titles from, 228
Default length, 227
Working with, 226
Zooming in on, 277
Importing
AAF files, 54
Audio CD tracks, 50
broadcast wave files, 54
CD Architect files, 352
from DVD camcorder, 55
Media, 48
media files, 53
Scanned images, 49
Still image sequences, 51
Inserting
Command markers, 121
Empty events, 103
Markers, 116
Media, 56
Regions, 117
Ti m e , 1 0 3
Video files with associated audio, 57
Inserting empty tracks, 141
Installation, 18
System requirements, 17
Interlace, 371
Deinterlacing, 238
Field order, 238, 313, 371
Reduce interlace flicker, 173
Inverting
Audio event, 172
Audio track, 148
Invert track phase, 65 
						

							INDEX
vi
Isolate channels, 262
Isolating color channels, 294
J
J-cut, 103
K
Keyboard commands, 31–37
Cursor placement, 32, 95, 98
Edit, 32
Event, 34
Miscellaneous, 37
Playback, 32
Project file, 31
Selection, 33
Track view, 35
Tr i m m e r  w i n d o w, 3 6
Vi e w, 3 3
Window view, 31
Keyboard preferences, 345
Keyboard shortcuts, customizing, 345
Keyframe animation, 246, 273
Event panning and cropping, 277
Generated text, 280
Track motion, 283
Video effects, 279
Keyframe controller, 273
Navigating, 274
Keyframe presets, 275
Keyframes, 218–221
Adding, 274
Changing relative spacing, 275
Deleting, 274
In track view, 64, 276–277
Interpolation curves, 275
Modifying, 274
presets, 275
Ripple editing, 111
Keying, 264
L
Labeling busses, See Naming busses
Labeling tracks, See Naming tracks
L-cut, 103
Level slider, See Composite level slider
LFE channel, 209, 212
Locking events, 171
To track envelopes, 166
To track keyframes, 277
Loop playback, 98
Looping events, 171
Luminance, 264
monitoring, 296
M
Mackie Control Universal, 347
Main window, 21
Make compositing child, 64, 249, 258, 259
Make Movie wizard, 307
Marker bar, 22
Markers
CD layout markers, 122
Command markers, 119
Deleting, 117
Inserting, 116
media, adding, 135
media, viewing, 136
Moving, 116
Navigating, 116
Renaming, 116
Ripple editing, 111
Snapping, 125
Markers and regions, 115–122
Snapping events to, 125
Masks, 257–265
Bézier, 225, 260
Fine tuning, 262
Image, 258
Mask generator, 263
Video, 259
Match media settings, 44, 238
Media
importing, 53
Media bin
adding recorded files automatically, 52
Media bins, 51
adding media, 52
creating, 51
deleting media, 52
searching, 52
Media files
adding from Media Manager, 89
Auto preview setting, 47
Inserting, 56
MXF, 57
Previewing, 47
project references in, 58
Properties, 239
resolving offline, 89
searching, 84
tagging, 77
tagging loops and samples, 81
Media generator
Adding, 247
Duplicating, 248 
						

							INDEX
vii
window, 28
Media generators, 247–248
Media libraries
tagging files, 77
Media library
adding media files, 75
backing up, 83
creating new, 73
opening, 74
removing media files, 77
Media Manager, 30, 73
adding custom columns, 91
adding media from, 89
automatically hiding Search pane, 90
customizing view, 90
media relationships, 88
moving columns, 90
Moving the Search pane, 90
options, 93
resizing columns, 90
resolving offline media, 89
Search Results Properties pane, 92
searching for media files, 84
showing/hiding columns, 90
thumbnail view, 91
using with multiple computers, 94
Media markers
adding, 135
viewing in event, 136
Media region
viewing in event, 136
Media regions
adding, 135
Media Relationships, 88
Metronome, 203, 342
MIDI clock output, 345
MIDI control surface setup, 348
MIDI timecode
Input devices, 345
Output devices, 345
Ti m e  D i s p l a y  w i n d o w, 3 3 2
Triggering from, 206
Mixer, 25, 181
Busses, 147, 183–186
Preview fader, 182
Toolbar, 182
Viewing/hiding, 181
Mixer setup (external), 200
Mixer window
Automating controls, 188
Routing surround through, 211
Mixing
Multiple tracks to a new track, 153
Video tracks, 248–251
Monitoring
chrominance, 295
color content, 295
color levels and contrast, 297
luminance, 296
RGB components, 298
Monitoring video with scopes, 294
Motion blur automation, 162
Mouse scroll-wheel shortcuts, 37, 62, 95
Movie
exporting to PSP, 314
MTC, See MIDI timecode
Multimedia CD
burning, 360
Multimedia controller
scrubbing, 68
Multiple takes
Previewing, 131
Recording, 206
Selecting among, 130
Multipurpose slider, 65, 145
Assignable effects send level, 146, 147, 188
Bus send level, 147, 186
Panning, 145, 368
Mute automation, 156
Muting
All audio or video tracks, 149
Busses, 186
Events, 171
Mute button, 64, 65
Tracks, 149
MXF, 57
N
Naming
Busses, 186
CD layout markers, 355
Markers, 116
Regions, 118
Takes, 131
Tracks, 142
Nesting projects, 66
New Project wizard, 43
Noise texture, 247
Non-real-time event effects, 196
Normalize audio event, 172
O
OHCI 1394-IEEE cards, 234, 300, 375 
						

							INDEX
viii
Online help, 19
Via the web, 20
What’sThis? help, 20
Optimizing previews, 289, 300
Ordering of effects, 193, 244
Organizing tracks, 142–143
Overlays
Animating, 286
Compositing modes, 249–251
Masks, 257–265
Position, 283
Safe areas, 293
Shadow, 283
Transparency, 264
P
Palettes, 80
assigning buttons, 81
clearing buttons, 81
creating, 80
Pan type
Setting track default, 150
Panning
Pan types, 217
Surround, 214
Panning automation, 156
Panning, audio
Envelope, 163
Multipurpose slider, 145
Panning models, 145
Panning, video, 277
Pan-and-scan effect, 278
Plug-in processing order, 245
Parent media for subclips, 137
Parent/child tracks, 248, 258
Pasting
Event attributes, 175
paste insert, 102
paste repeat, 102
Pasting events, 102
Pasting events, 101
Perfect Clarity (.pca) audio format, 310
Phase inverting
Events, 172
tracks, 148
Picture-in-picture effect, 285
Pitch shifting, 127
Copying and pasting between events, 175
Pixel aspect ratio, 238
Custom stream properties, 240
Render settings, 313
Still images, 226
Placing media
As takes, 56
Dragging/dropping, 56
Multiple files, 56
Same track, 56
Playback
Buffer control, 344
Event playback rate, 174
Interpolate cursor position control, 343
Keyboard shortcuts, 32
Position bias control, 343
Pre-roll buffer control, 343
Scrubbing, 68
Transport bar controls, 23
Plug-in chain
Audio hierarchy, 39
Changing order, 193, 244
Creating, 190, 242
Saving presets, 192, 246
Plug-ins
Animating, 246
Audio, 189
Bypassing, 194, 244
Copying and pasting event plug-ins, 175
Events with panning/cropping, 245
Generators, 247–248
Keyframes, 246
Masks, 257–265
Media generators, 247–248
Modifying, 246
Ordering, 193, 244
Removing, 194, 245
Transitioning into, 279
Transitions, 268
Video, 241
Window, 28
Post-edit rippling, 111
Post-roll, 205
PQ list, See Track list
Preference settings, 336–345
Audio tab, 342
Audio tab, advanced settings, 343
CD Settings tab, 350
Editing tab, 349
General tab, 336
Preview device tab, 339
Print device tab, 342
Sync tab, 344
Sync tab, advanced settings, 344
Video tab, 338
Preferences
Audio Device tab, 343
Display tab, 349
External Control & Automation tab, 346
Keyboard tab, 345