Land Rover Defender Workshop 1993 Rover Manual

							TORQUE WRENCH SETTINGS 
REAR AXLE AND FINAL  DRIVE  Nm 
Crown 
wheel to differential case .......................................... 160 
Rear cover  to axle case ....................................................... 24 
Ball joint  mounting  bracket to axle case ............................... 133 
Drum to hub ........................................................................\
. 18 
Rear  brake assembly  and stub axle rear to axle .................. 65 
Universal Joint flange to propeller  shaft ............................... 47 
Hub driving  member  to hub .................................................. 65 
PROPELLER  SHAFTS 
Coupling flange bolts ........................................................... 46 
REAR  SUSPENSION 
Bottom link  to chassis nut .................................................... 176 
Bottom link  to mounting rubber ............................................ 64 
Top  link bracket to chassis ................................................... 47 
Shock absorber  bracket to chassis ...................................... 64 
Anti roll bar  bush  to chassis  nuts ......................................... 24 
Upper link ball  joint  to axle  castle  nut ................................... 176 
Anti roll bar  ball  joint  castle  nut ............................................ 40 
Bump stop  rubber bracket  nuts ............................................ 32 
Shock absorber  upper attachment to  bracket ...................... 82 
Shock absorber lower  attachment nuts ................................ 75 
Tie bar to mounting  arm nut ................................................. 81 
Mounting  arm to chassis  nuts .............................................. 176 
STEERING 
AND FRONT  SUSPENSION 
Tie bar to steering  box nuts ................................................. 81 
Panhard  rod to mounting  arm nut ........................................ 88 
Panhard  rod to anchor bracket nut ...................................... 88 
Panhard rod  mounting bracket to  chassis bolts ................... 123 
Drop arm to  drag link castle  nut ........................................... 81 
Steering  damper to drag  link nut .......................................... 50 
Drop  arm to steering  box nut ............................................... 176 
Radius  arm to axle nuts ....................................................... 176 
Steering  box to chassis  nuts .............................................     81 
Track rod clamp  bolt nuts ..................................................... 14 
Drag link clamp  bolt nuts ...................................................... 14 
Steering wheel retaining nut ................................................ 30 
Road wheel  nuts .................................................................. 108 
Ball  joint  nuts ........................................................................\
 41 
Radius  arms to chassis nuts ................................................ 176 
Collapsible coupling nuts ..................................................... 25 
4 REISSUED: FEB 1993  
						

							TORQUE WRENCH SETTINGS 
POWER ASSISTED  STEERING Nm 
Mounting  bracket to front  cover 
........................................... 25 
Mounting  plate 
to mounting bracket ..................................... 25 
Pulley  to P A S  pump 
........................................................... 9 
P.A.S  pump to mounting  bracket ......................................... 25 
P.A.S  box 
16 mm thread ...................................................... 20 
P.A.S  pump union ................................................................ 20 
Mounting 
bracket 
to cylinder block ....................................... 25 
P.A.S  box 14 mm  thread 
...................................................... 15 
P.A.S  pump Jubilee  clips 
..................................................... 3 
Brake caliper  to  swivel housing ............................................ 100 
Servo. primary  port .............................................................. 13 
Servo. secondary  port 
.......................................................... 13 
Jump hose 
- female ............................................................. 15 
Wheel  cylinders to back  plate 
.............................................. 11 
G valve ........................................................................\
....... 10 
G valve to bracket .............................................................. 13 
Master  cylinder 
to servo nuts ............................................... 14 
Servo  to bulkhead  nuts 
........................................................ 14 
BRAKES 
Brake disc to hub ................................................................. 72 
Brake  pipe connections to: 
ELECTRICAL  EQUIPMENT 
Alternator: 
Shaft  nut 
....................................................................... \
60 
Through  bolts ................................................................ 5 
Rectifier bolts ................................................................ 3,5 
Starter  motor to engine  bolts 
................................................ 44 
Starter motor: 
Through  bolts 
................................................................ 10,8 
Solenoid  fixing stud  nut 
................................................. 6 
Solenoid upper  terminal nut .......................................... 4 
Reverse  light switch 
............................................................. 24 
Lucas 35 DM8 Electronic  ignition distributor 
Pick up bearing plate support  pillars .................................... 1,2 
Pick up  barrel nuts 
............................................................... 1,2 
AIR CONDITIONING 
Adaptor  plate to front cover .................................................. 45 
Compressor  mounting bracket to adaptor  plate ................... 45 
Compressor  to mounting  bracket 
......................................... 45 
Adjusting link  to mounting  bracket & compressor ................ 45 
Belt  damper 
to front  cover plate ........................................... 36 
Pulley to Torsional  Vibration damper ................................... 25 
Mounting  plates to compressor ............................................ 25 
5 REISSUED:  FEB 1993  
						

							GENERAL FITTING INSTRUCTIONS 
PRECAUTIONS  AGAINST  DAMAGE  PREPARATION 
1. Always fit covers to protect  wings before 1. Before removing  a component,  clean it and its 
commencing  work in engine  compartment.  surrounding areas as thoroughly  as possible. 
2. Cover  seats and carpets,  wear clean  overalls 2. Blank off any  openings  exposed by 
and  wash  hands  or wear  gloves  before  component removal, using greaseproof  paper 
working  inside car.  and 
masking  tape. 
3. Avoid spilling  hydraulic  fluid or battery  acid on 3. Immediately  seal fuel,  oil or hydraulic  lines 
paint  work.  Wash 
off with water  immediately if when separated,  using plastic  caps or plugs, 
this  occurs.  Use Polythene  sheets in boot 
to to prevent loss of fluid  and entry of dirt. 
protect  carpets. 
4. Close open ends of oilways,  exposed  by 
4. Always use a recommended  Service Tool, or component removal, with tapered  hardwood 
a  satisfactory  equivalent, where specified. 
plugs or readily  visible plastic  plugs. 
5.  Protect 
temporarily exposed  screw threads  by 5. Immediately  a component  is removed,  place it 
replacing nuts or fitting  plastic  caps.  in a suitable  container;  use a separate 
container  for each  component  and its 
SAFETY  PRECAUTIONS - (See also SECTION 01 associated  parts. 
- Poisonous  Substances) 6. Before dismantling  a component,  clean it 
thoroughly with a recommended  cleaning 
1. Whenever possible use a ramp  or pit  when  agent; check that agent  is suitable  for all 
working  beneath  vehicle, in preference 
to materials  of component. 
jacking.  Chock wheels  as well  as applying 
7. Clean  bench  and provide  marking  materials, 
hand  brake.  labels, containers  and locking  wire before 
2. Never  rely on a jack  alone to support  vehicle. 
Use  axle  stands  or blocks  carefully  placed at 
jacking  points 
to provide  rigid location. 
3. Ensure  that a suitable  form of fire extinguisher 
is  conveniently  located. 
1. Observe scrupulous  cleanliness  when 
4. Check that any lifting  equipment  used has  dismantling components,  particularly when 
adequate  capacity and is 
fully serviceable.  brake, fuel or hydraulic  system parts are being 
5. Inspect  power leads of any  mains  electrical  worked on. A particle of dirt or a cloth 
equipment  for damage  and check  that 
it is  fragment could cause  a dangerous 
properly  earthed. 
6. Disconnect  earth (grounded)  terminal of 2. Blow out ail tapped  holes, crevices,  oilways 
vehicle  battery.  and fluid  passages  with an air line.  Ensure 
7. Do  not  disconnect  any pipes  in air  that any O-rings  used for sealing  are correctly 
conditioning  refrigeration  system, if fitted,  replaced or renewed, 
if disturbed. 
unless  trained  and instructed 
to do so. A 3. Mark  mating  parts to ensure  that they  are 
refrigerant  is used  which  can cause  blindness  replaced as dismantled.  Whenever possible 
if allowed to contact  eyes.  use marking  ink, which  avoids  possibilities of 
8. Ensure  that adequate  ventilation is provided  distortion or initiation  of cracks,  liable if centre 
when  volatile  degreasing  agents are being  punch 
or scriber are used. 
used. 4. Wire  together  mating parts where  necessary 
to prevent  accidental  interchange  (e.g. roller 
WARNING:  Fume extraction  equipment bearing components). 
must be in operation  when trachloride, 5. Wire labels on to all  parts  which  are to be 
methylene  chloride,  chloroform  or renewed, and  to parts requiring  further 
perchlorethylene  are used for cleaning inspection  before being passed  for 
purposes . reassembly;  place these  parts in separate 
containers  from those  containing  parts for 
9. Do not  apply  heat in an  attempt  to free  stiff  rebuild. 
nuts 
or fittings;  as well  as causing  damage  to 6. Do not  discard  a part  due  for renewal  until 
protective  coatings, there is a risk  of damage 
after comparing  it with  a new  part,  to ensure 
to  electronic  equipment  and brake  lines from  that its correct  replacement 
has been 
stray  heat.  obtained. 
10. Do not leave tools, equipment, spilt oil etc., 
around  or 
on work area. 
11. Wear  protective  overalls and use barrier 
creams  when necessary.  dismantling 
a component. 
DISMANTLING 
malfunction if trapped in these  systems. 
REISSUED: FEB 1993 1  
						

							GENERAL FlTTlNG INSTRUCTIONS 
INSPECTION - GENERAL it could be established  that damage  was 
1. Never inspect  a component  for wear  or 9. When fitting bearing  to shaft,  apply force only 
dimensional  check unless 
it is absolutely  to inner  ring of bearing,  and only  to outer  ring 
clean;  a slight  smear  of grease  can conceal 
an  incipient  failure. 
2. When a component  is to  be  checked 
dimensionally  against figures quoted for it, use 
correct  equipment  (surface plates, 
micrometers,  dial gauges,  etc.) in serviceable 
condition.  Makeshift checking equipment  can 
be  dangerous. 
3. Reject  a component if its  dimensions  are 
outside  limits quoted,  or 
if damage  is 
apparent.  A part  may,  however,  be refitted 
if 
4. Use  plasti-guage  12 Type PG-1 for checking 
bearing  surface  clearances;  directions for its  confined 
to 
it only. 
when  fitting  into housing. 
its critical dimesnion is exactly limit size, and 
10. In  the  case  of grease-lubricated  bearings (e.g. 
hub  bearings)  fill space  between  bearing and 
outer  seal with recommended  grade of grease 
before  fitting seal. 
use,  and a scale  giving  bearing  clearances  in 
11. Always mark components  of separable 
0,0025 mm steps  are provided  with it.  bearings (e.g. taper  roller bearings) in 
dismantling,  to ensure  Correct  reassembly. 
Never 
fit new  rollers  in a used  cup. BALL AND ROLLER  BEARINGS 
NEVER 
REPLACE A BALL OR ROLLER BEARING OIL SEALS WITHOUT FIRST ENSURING  THAT IS IN A FULLY 
SERVICABLE  CONDITION 
1. Always fit new  oil seals  when  rebuilding  an 
assembly.  It is  not  physically  possible to 
1. Remove all traces  of lubricant  from bearing  replace a seal  exactly  when it has bedded 
under  inspection  by washing 
in petrol or a  down. 
suitable  degreaser;  maintain absolute 
2. Carefully examine seal before  fitting to ensure 
cleanliness  throughout operations. 
that it is  clean  and undamaged. 
2. Inspect  visually  for markings  of any  form  on 3. Smear  sealing  lips with  clean  grease;  pack 
rolling  elements,  raceways,  outer surface  of  dust excluder  seals 
with grease, and heavily 
outer  rings or inner  surface  of inner  rings.  grease duplex seals in cavity  between  sealing 
Reject  any bearings  found to be  marked,  lips. 
since  any marking  in these  areas  indicates 
4. Ensure  that seal  spring,  if provided, is 
onset  of wear.  correctly fitted. . Holding inner race between  finger and thumb 5. Place lip of seal  towards  fluid to be  sealed 
of  one  hand,  spin outer  race 
and check  that it and slide  into position  on shaft,  using fitting 
revolves  absolutely  smoothly, Repeat, holding  sleeve when possible  to protect  sealing  lip 
outer  race and spinning  inner race. 
from damage  by sharp  corners,  threads or 
4. Rotate outer ring gently  with a reciprocating  splines, If fitting sleeve  is not  available,  use 
motion,  while holding  inner ring; feel for any  plastic tube 
or adhesive  tape to prevent 
check  or obstruction  to rotation,  and reject  damage to sealing  lip. 
bearing  if action  is 
not perfectly  smooth. 
5. Lubricate  bearing generously with lubricant 
appropriate 
to installation. 
6. Inspect  shaft and bearing  housing  for 
discolouration  or other  marking  suggesting 
i that movement  has taken  place  between 
bearing  and seatings.  (This is particularly  to 
be expected if related  markings  were found  in 
operation 
2.) If  markings  are found,  use 
Loctite  in installation  of replacement  bearing. 
7. Ensure that shaft  and housing  are clean  and 
free  from  burrs  before  fitting bearing. 
8. If one  bearing  of a pair  shows  an imperfection 
it is generally  advisable  to renew  both 
bearings:  an exception  could be made 
if the 
faulty  bearing  had covered  a low  mileage,  and 
2 REISSUED:  FEB 1993 
is  otherwise  satisfactory.  
						

							GENERAL FITTING INSTRUCTIONS 
6. Grease outside diameter  of seal,  place  square 
to  housing  recess and press  into position, 
using  great  care and 
if possible  a bell  piece 1. Before  removing  any brake or power  steering 
to  ensure  that seal  is not  tilted.  (In some  hose, clean end fittings  and area  surrounding 
cases 
it may  be preferable  to fit seal  to  them as thoroughly  as possible. 
housing  before fitting to shaft.)  Never let 
2.  Obtain appropriate  blanking caps before 
weight  of unsupported  shaft rest in seal.  detaching 
hose end fittings, 
so that  ports  can 
be  immediately  covered 
to exclude dirt. 
3. Clean hose externally  and blow  through with 
airline,  Examine  carefully for cracks, 
separation  of plies,  security  of end  fittings  and 
external  damage. 
Reject any hose  found 
faulty. 
4. When  refitting  hose, ensure  that no 
unnecessary  bends are introduced,  and that 
hose  is not  twisted  before 
or during tightening 
of  union  nuts. 
5. Containers for hydraulic  fluid must  be kept 
absolutely  clean. 
6. Do not store  hydraulic  fluid in an  unsealed 
container. 
It will absorb  water, and fluid  in this 
condition  would be dangerous 
to use  due  to a 
lowering 
of its  boiling  point. 
7. Do not allow  hydraulic  fluid to be 
7. If correct service  tool is not  available,  use a  contaminated with mineral oil, or use  a 
suitable  drift approximately 
0,4 mm smaller  container which has previously  contained 
than  outside  diameter  of seal.  Use a hammer  mineral oil. 
VERY  GENTLY  on drift 
if a press  is not 8. Do not  re-use  fluid  bled from  system. 
suitable. 
9. Always  use clean  brake  fluid to clean 8. Press  or drift  seal in to depth  of housing if hydraulic  components. 
housing 
is shouldered, or flush  with face  of 10. Fit a blanking  cap to a hydraulic  union and a 
housing  where no shoulder  is provided.  plug 
to its socket  after removal to prevent 
Ensure  that the seal  does  not enter  the  ingress of dirt. 
housing 
in a  tilted  position. 11. Absolute  cleanliness  must be observed with 
hydraulic  components  at all  times. 
NOTE:  Most  cases of failure  or leakage  of 12. After any work  on hydraulic  systems, inspect 
oil seals  are  due  to careless  fitting,  and carefully  for leaks  underneath  the vehicle 
resulting  damage to both  seals  and  sealing while a second  operator  applies maximum 
surfaces.  Care in fitting  is essential if good pressure to the  brakes  (engine  running)  and 
results are to be obtained. operates  the steering. 
FLEXIBLE HYDRAULIC PIPES, HOSES 
JOINTS AND JOINT FACES 
1. Always  use correct  gaskets  where they are 
specified. 
2. Use  jointing  compound  only when 
recommended.  Otherwise fit joints  dry. 
3. When  jointing  compound  is used,  apply in a 
thin  uniform  film to metal  surfaces;  take great 
care  to prevent 
it from  entering  oilways, pipes 
or  blind  tapped  holes. 
4. Remove  all traces  of old  jointing  materials 
prior  to reassembly. 
Do not  use  a tool  which 
could  damage  joint faces. 
5. Inspect  joint faces  for scratches  or burrs  and 
remove  with a fine  file 
or oil stone;  do not 
allow  swarf 
or dirt to enter  tapped  holes or 
enclosed  parts. 
6. Blow out any  pipes,  channels or crevices  with 
compressed  air, renewing  any O
-rings  or 
seals  displaced  by air  blast. 
REISSUED:  FEB 1993 3  
						

							GENERAL FITTING INSTRUCTIONS 
METRIC        BOLT          IDENTIFICATION  HYDRAULIC                           FlTTlNGS - Metrication 
1. An IS0 metric bolt or screw,  made of steel WARNING:  Metric and Unified  threaded  hydraulic 
and larger  than 6 mm in diameter  can be parts.  Although  pipe connections  to brake 
identified  by either  of the  symbols  IS0 M or M system units incorporate  threads of metric  form, 
embossed  or indented  on top  of the  head. those  for power  assisted  steering are of UNF 
2. In  addition to marks to identify  the type. It is  vitally  important  that these  two thread 
manufacture,  the head  is also  marked  with forms are not  confused,  and careful  study should 
symbols to indicate  the strength  grade e.g. be made  of the  following  notes. 
8.8, 10.9, 12.9 or 14.9,  where  the first  figure 
gives  the minimum  tensile strength  of the  bolt  Metric threads  and metric  sizes are being  introduced 
material  in tns  of kg/sq  mm. 
into motor  vehicle  manufacture  and some  duplication 
Zinc  plated  IS0 metric  bolts and nuts  are  of parts  must be expected.  Although standardisation 
chromate  passivated,  a greenish
-khaki  to  must in the  long  run be good,  it would  be wrong  not 
to  give  warning  cf the  dangers  that exist  while  UNF 
and  metric  threaded  hydraulic  parts continue 
together  in service.  Fitting UNF pipe nuts  into metric 
ports  and vice
-versa  should  not happen,  but 
experience  of the  change  from BSF to UNF  indicated 
that  there  is no  certainty  in relying  upon the 
difference  in thread  size when  safety  is involved. 
To provide  permanent  identification  of metric  parts is 
not  easy  but recognition  has been  assisted  by the 
following  means. (Illustration 
A Metric, B Unified.) 
1. 
All metric  pipe nuts,  hose ends,  unions  and 
bleed  screws  are coloured  black. 
2.  The  hexagon  area 
of pipe  nuts  is indented 
with  the letter 
’M’. 
3. Metric  and UNF pipe  nuts  are slightly  different 
in  shape. 
gold-bronze 
colour. 
ST1035M 
METRIC NUT IDENTIFlCATlON 
1. A nut with  an IS0  metric  thread  is marked  on 
one  face  or on  one  of the  flats  of the  hexagon 
with the  strength  grade symbol 8, 12 or 14. 
Some  nuts with a strength  4, 
5 or 6 are also 
marked  and some  have the metric  symbol 
M 
on the  flat opposite  the strength  grade 
marking. 
2. A clock  face system  is used  as an alternative 
method  of indicating  the strength  grade. The 
external  chamfers  or a face 
of the  nut  is 
marked  in a position  relative to the 
appropriate  hour mark  on a clock  face to 
indicate  the strength  grade. 
3. A dot is used  to locate  the 12 o’clock  position 
and  a dash 
to indicate  the strength  grade. If 
the grade  is above  12, two dots identify  the 12 
o’clock position. 
ST1034M 
The metric  female  nut is always  used with a trumpet 
flared  pipe and the metric  male nut is always 
used 
with  a convex  flared pipe. 
STt036M 
4 REISSUED:  FEB 1993 
A 
ST1033M 
A B  
						

							ST1031M 
GENERAL FITTING INSTRUCTIONS 
A B 
ST1032M 
4. All metric  ports in Cylinders  and calipers  have 
no  counterbores,  but unfortunately  a few 
cylinders  with UNF  threads  also have  no 
counterbore.  The situation  is, all  ports  with 
counterbores  are UNF,  but ports  not 
counterbored  are  most likely to be  metric. 
5.  The  coulour  of the  protective  plugs in hydraulic 
ports  indicate  the size  and the  type  of the 
threads  but the function  of the  plugs  is 
protective  and not designed  as positive 
identification.  In production  it is  difficult  to use  The 
greatest  danger lies with  the confusion  of 10 
the  wrong  plug but human  error must  be  mm and  3/8 in UNF  pipe nuts used  for 3/16  in (or 
taken  into account.  The Plug  colours  and  4,751 mm) pipe.  The 3/8 in UNF  pipe nut or hose  can 
be  screwed  into a 10  mm  port but is very  slack  and 
easily  stripped.  The thread  engagement  is very  weak 
and  cannot  provide  an adequate  seal. 
The  opposite  condition,  a 10  mm  nut in a 3/8  in port, 
is  difficult  and unlikely  to cause  trouble.  The 10 mm 
nut  will  screw  in 1  1/2  or 2 turns  and seize.  It has  a 
crossed  thread feel and it is  impossible  to force  the 
nut  far enough  to seal  the pipe.  With female  pipe 
nuts  the position  is of course  reversed. 
The  other  combinations  are so different  that there  is 
no  danger  of confusion. 
KEYS  AND KEYWAYS 
thread 
sizes are: 
RED 
GREEN 
YELLOW  PINK 
BLACK 
10 x 1 mm 
GREY 12 x 1 mm 
BROWN  14 x 1,5 mm 
6. Hose  ends differ  slightly  between  metric and 
UNF.  Gaskets  are not used  with metric  hoses. 
The  UNF  hose  is sealed  on the  cylinder 
or 
caliper  face by a copper  gasket by the  metric 1. Remove  burrs from edges of keyways  with a 
hose  seals  against  the bottom  of the  port  and  fine file and  clean  thoroughly  before 
there  is a gap  between  faces 
of the hose  and  attempting to refit  key. 
cylinder. 
2. Clean  and inspect  key closely;  keys are 
Pipe  sizes  for UNF  are 3/16 
in, 1/4 in and  5/16  in  suitable for refitting  only if indistinguishable 
outside  diameter.  from new,  as any  indentation  may indicate  the 
Metric  pipe sizes  are 
4,75 mm, 6 mm  and 8 mm.  onset of wear. 
4,75  mm pipe  is exactly  the same  as 3/16  in pipe. 
6 
mm  pipe is 0.014  in smaller  than 1/4 in pipe.  8 mm 
pipe  is 
0.002 in larger  than  5/16 in pipe. 
Convex  pipe flares  are shaped  differently  for metric 
sizes  and when  making  pipes for metric  equipment, 
metric  pipe flaring  tools must 
be used. 
UNF 
3/8  in 
x 24 UNF 
7/16  in 
x 20 UNF 
1/2  in 
x 20 UNF 
7/8  in 
x 18 UNF 
METRIC 
TAB  WASHERS 
1. Fit new  washers  in all  places  where they are 
used.  Always  renew a used  tab washer. 
2. Ensure  that the new  tab washer  is of the 
same  design  as that  replaced. 
SPLIT PINS 
1. Fit new  split pins  throughout  when replacing 
any  unit. 
2. Always  fit split  pins where  split pins  were 
originally  used. 
Do not substitute  spring 
washers:  there is always  a good  reason  for 
the  use 
of a split  pin. 
3. 
All split  pins  should  be fitted  as shown  unless 
otherwise  stated. 
REISSUED: FEB 1993 5  
						

							GENERAL FlTTlNG INSTRUCTIONS 
1 
ST1039M 2 
3 
NUTS  UNIFIED THREAD  IDENTIFICATION 
1. When tightening a slotted  or castellated  nut 1. Bolts 
never  slacken  it back  to insert  split pin or 
A circular  recess is stamped  in the  upper 
locking  wire except  in those  recommended  surface of the  bolt  head. 
cases  where  this forms  part of an  adjustment. 
2. Nuts 
If difficulty is experienced,  alternative washers A continuous  line of circles is indented on one 
or  nuts  should 
be selected,  or washer of the flats  of the  hexagon,  parallel to the  axis 
thickness  reduced. 
of the nut. 
is  advisable 
to replace  them with new ones  of  The component  is reduced to the  core 
the  same  type. 
NOTE:  Where  bearing  pre-load is involved 
nuts  should  be tightened  in accordance 
with  special  instructions. 
2. Where self-locking  nuts have  been  removed it 3. Studs,  Brake Rods. etc. 
diameter  for a short  length  at its  extremity. 
LOCKING  WIRE 
1. Fit new  locking  wire of the  correct  type for all 
assemblies  incorporating 
it. 
2. Arrange wire so that its tension  tends to 
tighten  the bolt  heads,  or nuts,  to which  it is 
fitted. 
SCREW  THREADS 
1. Both UNF  and Metric  threads  to ISO 
standards  are used.  See below  for thread 
identification. 
2. Damaged  threads must always be discarded. 
Cleaning  up threads  with a die 
or tap  impairs 
the  strength  and closeness  of fit of the 
threads  and is not  recommended. 
3. Always  ensure that replacement  bolts are at 
least  equal 
in strength to those  replaced. 
4. Do not  allow  oil, grease  or jointing  compound 
to enter blind threaded  holes. The hydraulic 
action  on screwing 
in the  bolt  or stud  could 
split  the housing. 
5. Always  tighten a nut  or bolt to the 
recommended  torque figure.  Damaged 
or 
corroded  threads can affect  the torque 
reading. 
6. To check  or re-tighten  a bolt or screw  to a 
specified  torque figure, 
first slacken a quarter 
of  a turn,  then re
-tighten  to the  correct  figure. 
7. Always  oil thread  lightly before  tightening  to 
ensure  a free  running  thread, except in the 
case  of self
-locking  nuts. 
6 REISSUED: FEB 1993  
						

							RECOMMENDED LUBRICANTS, FLUIDS AND CAPACITIES 
RECOMMENDED  LUBRICANTS AND FLUIDS 
REISSUED: FEB 1993 1  
						

							RECOMMENDED LUBRICANTS, FLUIDS AND CAPACITIES 
2 REISSUED: FEB 1993