1991 1999 ford explorer chilton User Manual
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Torque Specifications-3.0L Engine Click to enlarge HOW TO USE THIS BOOK 506 SPECIFICATION CHARTS
Torque Specifications-4.0L (VIN X) Engine Click to enlarge HOW TO USE THIS BOOK SPECIFICATION CHARTS 507
Torque Specifications-5.0L Engine Click to enlarge Chilton® Automotive Information Systems. © 2004 Thomson Delmar Learning. HOW TO USE THIS BOOK SPECIFICATION CHARTS 509
EMISSION CONTROLS Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV) System OPERATION The PCV valve system vents crankcase gases into the engine air intake where they are burned with the fuel and air mixture. The PCV valve system keeps pollutants from being released into the atmosphere, and also helps to keep the engine oil clean, by ridding the crankcase of moisture and corrosive fumes. The PCV valve system consists of the PCV valve, its mounting grommet, the nipple in the air intake and the connecting hoses. On some engine applications, the PCV valve system is connected with the evaporative emission system. Cutaway view of the PCV valve and its operationClick to enlarge The PCV valve controls the amount of vapors pulled into the intake manifold from the crankcase and acts as a check valve by preventing air flow from entering the crankcase in the opposite direction. The PCV valve also prevents combustion backfiring from entering the crankcase in order to prevent detonation of the accumulated crankcase gases. TESTING Remove the PCV valve from the valve cover or engine block mounting grommet. The PCV valve for the 5.5L and 5.5L engine is mounted in the crankcase oil vent separator in a rubber grommet, or its ventilation hose before the connection to the throttle body. The PCV valve for the 5.0L and 5.0L engines is also mounted in a rubber grommet, which is installed towards the rear of the left-hand valve cover. On the 5.0L engine, the PCV valve is located on top of the block by the firewall. 1. Shake the PCV valve. If the valve rattles when shaken, reinstall it and proceed to Step 5. If the valve does not rattle, it is sticking and must be replaced. 2. Start the engine and bring it to normal operating temperature. 3. EMISSION CONTROLS 511
Check the PCV valve for vacuum at idle Disconnect the closure (fresh air) hose from the air inlet tube (connects the air cleaner housing to the throttle body). 5. Place a stiff piece of paper over the hose end and wait 1 minute. If vacuum holds the paper in place, the system is OK; reconnect the hose. 1. If the paper is not held in place, check for loose hose connections, vacuum leaks or blockage. Correct as necessary. 2. 6. REMOVAL & INSTALLATION Disconnect the vacuum hose from the PCV valve. 1. Remove the PCV valve from its mounting grommet. 2. HOW TO USE THIS BOOK 512 TESTING
PCV system hose routing for the 2.3L and 2.5L engines Click to enlarge HOW TO USE THIS BOOK REMOVAL & INSTALLATION 513
PCV system hose routing for the 3.0L engine-2.9L engine is similar Click to enlarge HOW TO USE THIS BOOK 514 REMOVAL & INSTALLATION
PCV system hose routing for the 4.0L engine Click to enlarge To install, attach the PCV vacuum hose to the PCV valve, then insert the valve into its mounting grommet. 5. Evaporative Emission Control System OPERATION Fuel vapors trapped in the sealed fuel tank are vented through the orifice vapor valve assembly in the top of the tank. The vapors leave the valve assembly through a single vapor line and continue to the carbon canister for storage until they are purged to the engine for burning. Purging the carbon canister removes the fuel vapor stored in the carbon canister. The fuel vapor is purged via a CANister Purge (CANP) solenoid or vacuum controlled purge valve. Purging occurs when the engine is at normal operating temperature and off idle. The evaporative emission control system consists of the following components: fuel vapor (charcoal) canister, orificed vapor valve, fuel vapor CANister Purge (CANP) solenoid, pressure/vacuum relief fuel tank filler cap, HOW TO USE THIS BOOK Evaporative Emission Control System 515
as well as, the fuel tank and fuel tank filler pipe, vapor tube and fuel vapor hoses. Fuel Vapor (Charcoal) Canister The fuel vapor canister is referred to as the evaporative emissions canister on 1441-44 models. The fuel vapors from the fuel tank are stored in the fuel vapor canister until the vehicle is operated, at which time, the vapors will purge from the canister into the engine for consumption. The fuel vapor canister contains activated carbon, which absorbs the fuel vapor. The canister is located in the engine compartment or along the frame rail. Orificed Vapor Valve This component is also known as the evaporative emission valve on 1441-44 models. Fuel vapor in the fuel tank is vented to the carbon canister through the vapor valve assembly. The valve is mounted in a rubber grommet at a central location in the upper surface of the fuel tank. A vapor space between the fuel level and the tank upper surface is combined with a small orifice and float shut-off valve in the vapor valve assembly to prevent liquid fuel from passing to the carbon canister. The vapor space also allows for thermal expansion of the fuel. CANP Solenoid The CANP solenoid is inline with the carbon canister and controls the flow of fuel vapors out of the canister. It is normally closed. When the engine is shut OFF, the vapors from the fuel tank flow into the canister. After the engine is started, the solenoid is engaged and opens, purging the vapors into the engine. With the solenoid open, vapors from the fuel tank are routed directly into the engine. Pressure/Vacuum Relief Fuel Tank Filler Cap The fuel cap contains an integral pressure and vacuum relief valve. The vacuum valve acts to allow air into the fuel tank to replace the fuel as it is used, while preventing vapors from escaping the tank through the atmosphere. The vacuum relief valve opens after a vacuum of -0.21 psi (1.2 kPa). The pressure valve acts as a backup pressure relief valve in the event the normal venting system is overcome by excessive generation of internal pressure or restriction of the normal venting system. The pressure relief is 2 psi (14 kPa). Fill cap damage or contamination that stops the pressure vacuum valve from working may result in deformation of the fuel tank. COMPONENT TESTING HOW TO USE THIS BOOK 516 OPERATION