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1991 1999 ford explorer chilton User Manual

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    ChiltonDIY Maintaince and Repair Manual
    Ford Explorer 1991-1999 
    						
    							Table of Contents
    HOW  TO USE  THIS  BOOK .............................................................................................................................1
    Introduction ..............................................................................................................................................1
    Where  to Begin ........................................................................................................................................1
    Avoiding  Trouble.....................................................................................................................................1
    Maintenance  or Repair? ...........................................................................................................................1
    Avoiding  the Most  Common  Mistakes....................................................................................................2
    TOOLS  AND EQUIPMENT .............................................................................................................................3
    Introduction ..............................................................................................................................................3
    Special  Tools..........................................................................................................................................11
    SERVICING  YOUR VEHICLE  SAFELY.....................................................................................................13
    Introduction ............................................................................................................................................13
    Dos ........................................................................................................................................................14
    Donts .....................................................................................................................................................15
    FASTENERS,  MEASUREMENTS  AND CONVERSIONS .........................................................................17
    Bolts,  Nuts and Other  Threaded  Retainers............................................................................................17
    Torque ....................................................................................................................................................18
    TORQUE  WRENCHES ..................................................................................................................19
    TORQUE  ANGLE METERS .........................................................................................................20
    Standard  and Metric  Measurements .......................................................................................................21
    SERIAL  NUMBER  IDENTIFICATION ........................................................................................................23
    Vehicle  Identification  Number (VIN)....................................................................................................23
    Vehicle  Data...........................................................................................................................................25
    Safety  Compliance  Certification  Label..................................................................................................28
    Emission  Calibration  Label...................................................................................................................29
    Engine ....................................................................................................................................................30
    Transmission ..........................................................................................................................................30
    Transfer  Case.........................................................................................................................................30
    Front  Drive  Axle....................................................................................................................................30
    Rear  Axle ...............................................................................................................................................30
    ROUTINE  MAINTENANCE  AND TUNE-UP .............................................................................................33
    Introduction ............................................................................................................................................33
    Air  Cleaner  (Element) ............................................................................................................................40
    REMOVAL  & INSTALLATION ...................................................................................................40
    Fuel  Filter ...............................................................................................................................................43
    REMOVAL  & INSTALLATION ...................................................................................................43
    PCV  Valve .............................................................................................................................................48
    INSPECTION ..................................................................................................................................48
    REMOVAL  & INSTALLATION ...................................................................................................49
    Evaporative  Canister..............................................................................................................................49
    SERVICING ....................................................................................................................................50
    Battery ....................................................................................................................................................50
    PRECAUTIONS .............................................................................................................................50
    GENERAL  MAINTENANCE ........................................................................................................51
    BATTERY  FLUID..........................................................................................................................51
    CABLES ..........................................................................................................................................54
    CHARGING ....................................................................................................................................57
    REPLACEMENT ............................................................................................................................57HOW TO USE THIS BOOK
    i 
    						
    							Table of Contents
    ROUTINE  MAINTENANCE  AND TUNE-UP
    Belts .......................................................................................................................................................57
    INSPECTION ..................................................................................................................................57
    ADJUSTMENT ...............................................................................................................................59
    REMOVAL  & INSTALLATION ...................................................................................................63
    Timing  Belts..........................................................................................................................................68
    INSPECTION ..................................................................................................................................68
    CAMSHAFT  TIMING INSPECTION ...........................................................................................72
    Hoses ......................................................................................................................................................72
    INSPECTION ..................................................................................................................................72
    REMOVAL  & INSTALLATION ...................................................................................................74
     CV-Boots .............................................................................................................................................76
    INSPECTION ..................................................................................................................................76
    Spark  Plugs ............................................................................................................................................77
    SPARK  PLUG HEAT  RANGE ......................................................................................................78
    REMOVAL  & INSTALLATION ...................................................................................................80
    INSPECTION  & GAPPING ...........................................................................................................82
    Spark  Plug Wires ...................................................................................................................................85
    REMOVAL  & INSTALLATION ...................................................................................................85
    TESTING ........................................................................................................................................86
    Distributor  Cap and Rotor ......................................................................................................................88
    REMOVAL  & INSTALLATION ...................................................................................................88
    INSPECTION ..................................................................................................................................89
    Ignition  Timing......................................................................................................................................90
    GENERAL  INFORMATION .........................................................................................................90
    INSPECTION  & ADJUSTMENT ..................................................................................................90
    Valve  Lash.............................................................................................................................................92
    Idle  Speed  and Mixture  Adjustments .....................................................................................................92
    Air  Conditioning  System.......................................................................................................................93
    SYSTEM  SERVICE  & REPAIR ....................................................................................................93
    PREVENTIVE  MAINTENANCE ..................................................................................................93
    SYSTEM  INSPECTION .................................................................................................................94
     Windshield  Wipers................................................................................................................................94
    ELEMENT  (REFILL) CARE & REPLACEMENT .......................................................................95
    Tires  and Wheels ....................................................................................................................................96
    TIRE  ROTATION ...........................................................................................................................97
    TIRE  DESIGN ................................................................................................................................97
    TIRE  STORAGE .............................................................................................................................99
    INFLATION  & INSPECTION .......................................................................................................99
    FLUIDS  AND LUBRICANTS .......................................................................................................................103
    Fluid  Disposal ......................................................................................................................................103
    Oil  and  Fuel  Recommendations ...........................................................................................................103
    ENGINE  OIL................................................................................................................................103
    FUEL .............................................................................................................................................105
    OPERATION  IN FOREIGN  COUNTRIES .................................................................................105
    Engine ..................................................................................................................................................105
    OIL  LEVEL  CHECK ....................................................................................................................105
    OIL  & FILTER  CHANGE ............................................................................................................107
    Manual  Transmission ...........................................................................................................................113
    FLUID  RECOMMENDATION ....................................................................................................113
    LEVEL  CHECK ............................................................................................................................113 HOW TO USE THIS BOOK
    ii 
    						
    							Table of Contents
    FLUIDS  AND LUBRICANTS
    DRAIN  & REFILL ........................................................................................................................113
    Automatic  Transmission ......................................................................................................................114
    FLUID  RECOMMENDATION ....................................................................................................114
    LEVEL  CHECK ............................................................................................................................114
    DRAIN,  PAN/FILTER  SERVICE & REFILL .............................................................................116
    Transfer  Case.......................................................................................................................................123
    FLUID  RECOMMENDATION ....................................................................................................123
    LEVEL  CHECK ............................................................................................................................123
    DRAIN  & REFILL ........................................................................................................................125
    Front  and Rear  Drive  Axle...................................................................................................................125
    FLUID  RECOMMENDATION ....................................................................................................125
    LEVEL  CHECK ............................................................................................................................126
    DRAIN  & REFILL ........................................................................................................................128
    Cooling  System....................................................................................................................................131
    FLUID  RECOMMENDATIONS ..................................................................................................132
    INSPECTION ................................................................................................................................132
    DRAINING,  FLUSHING  & REFILLING ....................................................................................136
    Brake  Master  Cylinder .........................................................................................................................140
    FLUID  RECOMMENDATIONS ..................................................................................................140
    LEVEL  CHECK ............................................................................................................................140
    Clutch  Master  Cylinder ........................................................................................................................142
    FLUID  RECOMMENDATIONS ..................................................................................................142
    LEVEL  CHECK ............................................................................................................................142
    Power  Steering  Pump Reservoir ..........................................................................................................142
    FLUID  RECOMMENDATIONS ..................................................................................................142
    LEVEL  CHECK ............................................................................................................................143
    Manual  Steering  Gear..........................................................................................................................144
    Chassis  Greasing ..................................................................................................................................144
    Body  Lubrication .................................................................................................................................145
    HOOD/DOOR  LATCH & HINGES .............................................................................................145
    LOCK  CYLINDERS .....................................................................................................................145
    DOOR  WEATHERSTRIPPING ...................................................................................................145
    THROTTLE  VALVE (TV) & KICKDOWN  LINKAGE.............................................................145
    Wheel  Bearings ....................................................................................................................................145
    REPACKING ................................................................................................................................146
    TOWING  THE VEHICLE ............................................................................................................................151
     General  Recommendations .................................................................................................................151
     Trailer  Weight .....................................................................................................................................151
     Hitch  (Tongue)  Weight.......................................................................................................................151
     Oil  Cooler ...........................................................................................................................................152
    TRANSMISSION .........................................................................................................................152
     Handling  a Trailer ...............................................................................................................................152
     Towing  the Vehicle .............................................................................................................................152
    JUMP  STARTING  A DEAD  BATTERY .....................................................................................................155
    Introduction ..........................................................................................................................................155
    Jump  Starting  Precautions ...................................................................................................................155
    Jump  Starting  Procedure ......................................................................................................................156HOW TO USE THIS BOOK
    iii 
    						
    							Table of Contents
    JACKING ........................................................................................................................................................159
    SPECIFICATION  CHARTS.........................................................................................................................163
    DISTRIBUTOR  IGNITION SYSTEM.........................................................................................................169
    General  Information .............................................................................................................................169
    SYSTEM  OPERATION ................................................................................................................170
    Diagnosis  and Testing ..........................................................................................................................171
    SERVICE  PRECAUTIONS ..........................................................................................................171
    PRELIMINARY  CHECKS...........................................................................................................171
    TEST  PROCEDURES ..................................................................................................................171
    Ignition  Coil.........................................................................................................................................177
    TESTING ......................................................................................................................................177
    REMOVAL  & INSTALLATION .................................................................................................180
    Ignition  Control  Module  (ICM)...........................................................................................................180
    REMOVAL  & INSTALLATION .................................................................................................180
    Distributor ............................................................................................................................................182
    REMOVAL  & INSTALLATION .................................................................................................182
    Camshaft  Position (CMP) Sensor........................................................................................................184
    DISTRIBUTORLESS  IGNITION SYSTEM...............................................................................................185
    General  Information .............................................................................................................................185
    SYSTEM  OPERATION ................................................................................................................185
    Diagnosis  and Testing ..........................................................................................................................187
    SERVICE  PRECAUTIONS ..........................................................................................................187
    PRELIMINARY  CHECKS...........................................................................................................187
    GENERAL  SYSTEM TEST.........................................................................................................187
    Ignition  Coil Pack(s) ............................................................................................................................199
    TESTING ......................................................................................................................................199
    REMOVAL  & INSTALLATION .................................................................................................201
    Ignition  Control  Module  (ICM)...........................................................................................................207
    REMOVAL  & INSTALLATION .................................................................................................207
    Camshaft  Position (CMP) and Crankshaft  Position (CKP) Sensors ....................................................209
    FIRING  ORDERS ..........................................................................................................................................211
    CHARGING  SYSTEM...................................................................................................................................217
    General  Information .............................................................................................................................217
    Alternator  Precautions .........................................................................................................................218
    Alternator .............................................................................................................................................219
    TESTING ......................................................................................................................................219
    REMOVAL  & INSTALLATION .................................................................................................220
    Voltage  Regulator ................................................................................................................................223
    REMOVAL  & INSTALLATION .................................................................................................223
    STARTING  SYSTEM....................................................................................................................................227
    General  Information .............................................................................................................................227
    Starter ...................................................................................................................................................229
    TESTING ......................................................................................................................................229
    REMOVAL  & INSTALLATION .................................................................................................230
    RELAY  REPLACEMENT ............................................................................................................232HOW TO USE THIS BOOK
    iv 
    						
    							Table of Contents
    SENDING  UNITS...........................................................................................................................................237
    Introduction ..........................................................................................................................................237
    Coolant  Temperature  Sender...............................................................................................................237
    TESTING ......................................................................................................................................237
    REMOVAL  & INSTALLATION .................................................................................................239
    Oil  Pressure  Sender and Switch ...........................................................................................................241
    TESTING ......................................................................................................................................241
    REMOVAL  & INSTALLATION .................................................................................................243
    Low  Oil Level  Sensor ..........................................................................................................................245
    TESTING ......................................................................................................................................245
    REMOVAL  & INSTALLATION .................................................................................................246
    SPECIFICATION  CHARTS.........................................................................................................................249
    ENGINE  MECHANICAL ..............................................................................................................................251
    Engine ..................................................................................................................................................251
    REMOVAL  & INSTALLATION .................................................................................................251
    Valve  Rocker  Arm Cover ....................................................................................................................258
    REMOVAL  & INSTALLATION .................................................................................................258
    Rocker  Arms........................................................................................................................................269
    REMOVAL  & INSTALLATION .................................................................................................269
    Rocker  Arm Shaft  Assembly ...............................................................................................................271
    REMOVAL  & INSTALLATION .................................................................................................271
    DISASSEMBLY  & REASSEMBLY ............................................................................................274
    Thermostat ...........................................................................................................................................274
    REMOVAL  & INSTALLATION .................................................................................................274
    Intake  Manifold ....................................................................................................................................280
    REMOVAL  & INSTALLATION .................................................................................................280
    Exhaust  Manifold .................................................................................................................................305
    REMOVAL  & INSTALLATION .................................................................................................305
    Radiator ................................................................................................................................................314
    REMOVAL  & INSTALLATION .................................................................................................314
    Engine  Fan...........................................................................................................................................318
    REMOVAL  & INSTALLATION .................................................................................................318
    Water  Pump .........................................................................................................................................323
    REMOVAL  & INSTALLATION .................................................................................................324
    Cylinder  Head......................................................................................................................................334
    REMOVAL  & INSTALLATION .................................................................................................334
    Oil  Pan .................................................................................................................................................356
    REMOVAL  & INSTALLATION .................................................................................................356
    Oil  Pump ..............................................................................................................................................364
    REMOVAL  & INSTALLATION .................................................................................................365
    Crankshaft  Damper..............................................................................................................................370
    REMOVAL  & INSTALLATION .................................................................................................370
    Timing  Belt and Cover ........................................................................................................................372
    TROUBLESHOOTING ................................................................................................................372
    REMOVAL  & INSTALLATION .................................................................................................372
    Timing  Chain Cover  & Oil  Seal ..........................................................................................................375
    REMOVAL  & INSTALLATION .................................................................................................375
    Timing  Chain and Gears ......................................................................................................................387
    REMOVAL  & INSTALLATION .................................................................................................387
    TIMING  CHAIN DEFLECTION .................................................................................................407
    HOW TO USE THIS BOOK
    v 
    						
    							Table of Contents
    ENGINE  MECHANICAL
    Camshaft  and Auxiliary  Shaft Sprockets  and Seals .............................................................................408
    REMOVAL  & INSTALLATION .................................................................................................408
    Camshafts,  Bearings and Lifters ..........................................................................................................408
    REMOVAL  & INSTALLATION .................................................................................................408
    INSPECTION ................................................................................................................................421
    BEARING  REMOVAL  & INSTALLATION ..............................................................................424
    Auxiliary  Shaft.....................................................................................................................................427
    REMOVAL  & INSTALLATION .................................................................................................427
    Rear  Main  Oil Seal ...............................................................................................................................429
    REMOVAL  & INSTALLATION .................................................................................................429
    Flywheel  and Ring  Gear......................................................................................................................431
    REMOVAL  & INSTALLATION .................................................................................................431
    EXHAUST  SYSTEM......................................................................................................................................437
    REPLACEMENT ................................................................................................................................440
    ENGINE  RECONDITIONING .....................................................................................................................443
    Determining  Engine Condition ............................................................................................................443
    COMPRESSION  TEST................................................................................................................443
    OIL  PRESSURE  TEST.................................................................................................................444
    Buy  or Rebuild? ...................................................................................................................................445
    Engine  Overhaul  Tips..........................................................................................................................445
    TOOLS ..........................................................................................................................................446
    OVERHAUL  TIPS........................................................................................................................446
    CLEANING ...................................................................................................................................447
    REPAIRING  DAMAGED  THREADS.........................................................................................449
    Engine  Preparation ...............................................................................................................................451
    Cylinder  Head......................................................................................................................................452
    DISASSEMBLY ...........................................................................................................................453
    INSPECTION ................................................................................................................................464
    REFINISHING  & REPAIRING ...................................................................................................468
    ASSEMBLY ..................................................................................................................................471
    Engine  Block........................................................................................................................................471
    GENERAL  INFORMATION .......................................................................................................472
    DISASSEMBLY ...........................................................................................................................472
    INSPECTION ................................................................................................................................475
    REFINISHING ..............................................................................................................................478
    ASSEMBLY ..................................................................................................................................480
    Engine  Start-up  and Break-in .............................................................................................................486
    STARTING  THE ENGINE ...........................................................................................................486
    BREAKING  IT IN ........................................................................................................................487
    KEEP  IT MAINTAINED ..............................................................................................................487
    SPECIFICATION  CHARTS.........................................................................................................................489
    EMISSION  CONTROLS ...............................................................................................................................511
    Positive  Crankcase  Ventilation  (PCV) System ....................................................................................511
    OPERATION ................................................................................................................................511
    TESTING ......................................................................................................................................511
    REMOVAL  & INSTALLATION .................................................................................................512
    Evaporative  Emission Control System................................................................................................515
    HOW TO USE THIS BOOK
    vi 
    						
    							Table of Contents
    EMISSION  CONTROLS
    OPERATION ................................................................................................................................515
    COMPONENT  TESTING............................................................................................................516
    REMOVAL  & INSTALLATION .................................................................................................523
    Exhaust  Gas Recirculation  (EGR) System ..........................................................................................524
    OPERATION ................................................................................................................................524
    COMPONENT  TESTING............................................................................................................525
    REMOVAL  & INSTALLATION .................................................................................................529
    ELECTRONIC  ENGINE CONTROLS .......................................................................................................533
    Electronic  Engine Control  (EEC)........................................................................................................533
    Powertrain  Control Module  (PCM).....................................................................................................533
    OPERATION ................................................................................................................................533
    REMOVAL  & INSTALLATION .................................................................................................534
    Heated  Oxygen  Sensors (HO2S) .........................................................................................................537
    OPERATION ................................................................................................................................537
    TESTING ......................................................................................................................................538
    REMOVAL  & INSTALLATION .................................................................................................539
    Idle  Air  Control  (IAC) Valve...............................................................................................................540
    OPERATION ................................................................................................................................540
    TESTING ......................................................................................................................................540
    REMOVAL  & INSTALLATION .................................................................................................541
    Engine  Coolant  Temperature  (ECT) Sensor ........................................................................................542
    OPERATION ................................................................................................................................542
    TESTING ......................................................................................................................................543
    REMOVAL  & INSTALLATION .................................................................................................544
    Intake  Air Temperature  (IAT) Sensor ..................................................................................................545
    OPERATION ................................................................................................................................545
    TESTING ......................................................................................................................................545
    REMOVAL  & INSTALLATION .................................................................................................545
    Mass  Air Flow  (MAF)  Sensor.............................................................................................................546
    OPERATION ................................................................................................................................546
    TESTING ......................................................................................................................................547
    REMOVAL  & INSTALLATION .................................................................................................548
    Throttle  Position  (TP) Sensor ..............................................................................................................550
    OPERATION ................................................................................................................................550
    TESTING ......................................................................................................................................551
    REMOVAL  & INSTALLATION .................................................................................................552
    Camshaft  Position (CMP) Sensor........................................................................................................553
    OPERATION ................................................................................................................................553
    TESTING ......................................................................................................................................555
    REMOVAL  & INSTALLATION .................................................................................................556
    Crankshaft  Position (CKP) Sensor ......................................................................................................561
    OPERATION ................................................................................................................................561
    TESTING ......................................................................................................................................561
    REMOVAL  & INSTALLATION .................................................................................................562
    Vehicle  Speed Sensor(VSS) ................................................................................................................565
    OPERATION ................................................................................................................................566
    TESTING ......................................................................................................................................566
    REMOVAL  & INSTALLATION .................................................................................................566
    HOW TO USE THIS BOOK
    vii 
    						
    							Table of Contents
    COMPONENT  LOCATIONS.......................................................................................................................567
    TROUBLE  CODES........................................................................................................................................581
    General  Description .............................................................................................................................581
    FAILURE  MODE EFFECTS  MANAGEMENT  (FMEM)..........................................................582
    HARDWARE  LIMITED OPERATION  STRATEGY (HLOS)...................................................582
    MALFUNCTION  INDICATOR LAMP (MIL)............................................................................582
    Diagnostic  Connector...........................................................................................................................582
    Reading  Codes.....................................................................................................................................583
    EEC-V  EQUIPPED  ENGINES....................................................................................................584
    EEC-IV  EQUIPPED  ENGINES..................................................................................................584
    Clearing  Codes.....................................................................................................................................586
    CONTINUOUS  MEMORY CODES............................................................................................586
    KEEP  ALIVE  MEMORY .............................................................................................................586
    Diagnostic  Trouble Code Charts ..........................................................................................................586
    VACUUM  DIAGRAMS .................................................................................................................................597
    SPECIFICATION  CHARTS.........................................................................................................................599
    BASIC  FUEL SYSTEM  DIAGNOSIS ..........................................................................................................601
    FUEL  LINES  AND FITTINGS .....................................................................................................................603
    General  Information .............................................................................................................................603
    Hairpin  Clip Fitting ..............................................................................................................................603
    REMOVAL  & INSTALLATION .................................................................................................603
    Duckbill  Clip Fitting ............................................................................................................................605
    REMOVAL  & INSTALLATION .................................................................................................605
    REMOVAL  & INSTALLATION .................................................................................................607
    SEQUENTIAL  FUEL INJECTION  (SFI) SYSTEM ..................................................................................609
    General  Information .............................................................................................................................609
    FUEL  SYSTEM  SERVICE  PRECAUTIONS ..............................................................................610
    Relieving  Fuel System  Pressure ..........................................................................................................610
    Inertia  Switch .......................................................................................................................................611
    GENERAL  INFORMATION .......................................................................................................611
    RESETTING  THE SWITCH ........................................................................................................611
    Fuel  Pump ............................................................................................................................................613
    REMOVAL  & INSTALLATION .................................................................................................613
    TESTING ......................................................................................................................................617
    Throttle  Body Assembly ......................................................................................................................620
    REMOVAL  & INSTALLATION .................................................................................................620
    Fuel  Supply  Manifold  and Injectors ....................................................................................................625
    REMOVAL  & INSTALLATION .................................................................................................626
    TESTING ......................................................................................................................................632
    Fuel  Pressure  Regulator .......................................................................................................................633
    REMOVAL  & INSTALLATION .................................................................................................633
    Pressure  Relief Valve...........................................................................................................................640
    REMOVAL  & INSTALLATION .................................................................................................640
    HOW TO USE THIS BOOK
    viii 
    						
    							Table of Contents
    FUEL  TANK ...................................................................................................................................................641
    Tank  Assembly ....................................................................................................................................641
    REMOVAL  & INSTALLATION .................................................................................................641
    Sending  Unit........................................................................................................................................647
    REMOVAL  & INSTALLATION .................................................................................................647
    UNDERSTANDING  AND TROUBLESHOOTING  ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS....................................649
    Basic  Electrical  Theory........................................................................................................................649
    HOW  DOES  ELECTRICITY  WORK: THE WATER  ANALOGY ............................................649
    OHMS  LAW.................................................................................................................................650
    Electrical  Components .........................................................................................................................651
    POWER  SOURCE ........................................................................................................................651
    GROUND ......................................................................................................................................651
    PROTECTIVE  DEVICES.............................................................................................................651
    SWITCHES  & RELAYS ..............................................................................................................653
    LOAD ............................................................................................................................................654
    WIRING  & HARNESSES ............................................................................................................654
    CONNECTORS ............................................................................................................................655
    Test  Equipment ....................................................................................................................................656
    JUMPER  WIRES..........................................................................................................................656
    TEST  LIGHTS ..............................................................................................................................657
    MULTIMETERS ...........................................................................................................................658
    Troubleshooting  Electrical Systems....................................................................................................659
    Testing .................................................................................................................................................659
    OPEN  CIRCUITS .........................................................................................................................659
    SHORT  CIRCUITS .......................................................................................................................660
    VOLTAGE ....................................................................................................................................660
    VOLTAGE  DROP........................................................................................................................661
    RESISTANCE ...............................................................................................................................661
    Wire  and Connector  Repair.................................................................................................................663
    BATTERY  CABLES......................................................................................................................................665
    AIR  BAG  (SUPPLEMENTAL  RESTRAINT) SYSTEM...........................................................................667
    SERVICE  PRECAUTIONS ................................................................................................................668
    DISARMING  THE SYSTEM .......................................................................................................668
    ARMING  THE SYSTEM .............................................................................................................668
    HEATING  AND AIR CONDITIONING ......................................................................................................669
    Blower  Motor.......................................................................................................................................669
    REMOVAL  & INSTALLATION .................................................................................................669
    Blower  Motor Resistor .........................................................................................................................672
    REMOVAL  & INSTALLATION .................................................................................................672
    Heater  Core..........................................................................................................................................672
    REMOVAL  & INSTALLATION .................................................................................................672
    Control  Head........................................................................................................................................677
    REMOVAL  & INSTALLATION .................................................................................................678
    Control  Cables.....................................................................................................................................681
    ADJUSTMENT .............................................................................................................................681
    REMOVAL  & INSTALLATION .................................................................................................681
    Air  Conditioning  Components.............................................................................................................683
    REMOVAL  & INSTALLATION .................................................................................................683
    HOW TO USE THIS BOOK
    ix 
    						
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