Toshiba Estudio 162 Owners Manual

							e-STUDIO162/162D/151/151D UNPACKING AND INSTALLATION  5 - 12
11. Interface
A. USB
Connector
4-pin ACON UBR23-4K2200
Type-B connector
Cable
Shielded twisted pair cable
(2 m (6 feet) Max.: high-speed transmission equivalent)
Pin configuration
The pin numbers and signal names are listed in the following table.
B. Parallel interface
This printer uses a bi-directional parallel interface. Use the supplied
interface cable.
Connector
36-pin ACON RBE42-36K1153 female connector or equivalent con-
nector
Cable
Shielded type bi-directional parallel interface For best results, use a
printer interface cable which is IEEE1284 compliant.
Pin configuration
The pin numbers and signal names are listed in the following table.
12. Moving
Moving instructions
When moving the unit, follow the procedure below.
Note: When moving this unit, be sure to remove the TD cartridge in
advance.
1) Turn the power switch off and remove the power cord from the out-
let.
2) Open the side cover and front cover, in that order. Remove the TD
cartridge and close the front cover and side cover, in that order.
To open and close the side cover and front cover, and to remove
the TD cartridge.
3) Raise the handle of the paper tray and pull the paper tray out until it
stops.
4) Push the center of the pressure plate down until it locks in place
and lock the plate using the pressure plate lock which has been
stored in the front of the paper tray.
5) Push the paper tray back into the unit.
6) Lock the scan head locking switch.
Note: When shipping the unit, the scan head locking switch must be
locked to prevent shipping damage.
7) Close the multi-bypass tray and the paper output tray extension,
and attach the packing materials and tape which were removed
during installation of the unit.
8) Pack the unit into the carton. Pin No. Signal name
1+5V
2-DATA
3+DATA
4GND
1
2
34
1
18
36 19
Pin No. Signal name Pin No. Signal name
1STB
19 GND (STB RET)
2 DATA1 20 GND (DATA1 RET)
3 DATA2 21 GND (DATA2 RET)
4 DATA3 22 GND (DATA3 RET)
5 DATA4 23 GND (DATA4 RET)
6 DATA5 24 GND (DATA5 RET)
7 DATA6 25 GND (DATA6 RET)
8 DATA7 26 GND (DATA7 RET)
9 DATA8 27 GND (DATA8 RET)
10 ACKNLG
28 GND 
(ACKNLG
 RET)
11 BUSY 29 GND (BUSY RET)
12 PE (Paper End) 30 GND (PE RET)
13 SLTC 31 INPRM
14 AUTO LF
32 FAULT
15 (NC) 33 (NC)
16 GND (0 V) 34 (NC)
17 FG 35 +5 V
18 +5 V 36 SLTC IN
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							e-STUDIO162/162D/151/151D COPY PROCESS  6 - 1
[6] COPY PROCESS
1. Functional diagram
(Basic operation cycle)
(20 microns thick)
Aluminum drum  Pigment layer (0.2
to 0.3 microns thick) An OPC drum is used for the photoconductor.
(Structure of the OPC drum layers)
OPC layer
Main charger
Laser beam
MG rollerCleaning blade
Drum
Transfer unit
Resist roller
Exposure Main high voltage unit
Saw toothCharge
Drum
Cleaning
Cleaning blade
Waste toner box
Paper release Fus ing
Separation
Heat roller
Heater lampTransferTransfer charger
Transfer high
voltage unitDeveloping
Toner
Developer
Pr int pr oc ess
Paper transport route
Semiconductor laser
Manual feed
PS roller
Focus correction lens
Electrode
Synchronizationwith drum
Cassettepaper feed
To face
down tray
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							e-STUDIO162/162D/151/151D COPY PROCESS  6 - 2
2. Outline of print process
This printer is a non-impact printer that uses a semiconductor laser
and electrostatic print process. This printer uses an OPC (Organic
Photo Conductor) for its photoconductive material.
First, voltage from the main corona unit charges the drum surface and
a latent image is formed on the drum surface using a laser beam. This
latent image forms a visible image on the drum surface when toner is
applied. The toner image is then transferred onto the print paper by the
transfer corona and fused on the print paper in the fusing section with
a combination of heat and pressure.
Step-1: Charge
Step-2: Exposure
* Latent image is formed on the drum.
Step-3: Developing
Latent image formed on the drum is then changed into visible
image with toner.
Step-4: Transfer
The visible image (toner image) on the drum is transferred
onto the print paper.
Step-5: Cleaning
Residual toner on the drum surface is removed and collected
by the cleaning blade.
Step-6: Optical discharge
Residual charge on the drum surface is removed, by
semiconductor laser beam.
3. Actual print process
Step-1: DC charge
A uniform negative charge is applied over the OPC drum surface by
the main charging unit. Stable potential is maintained by means of the
Scorotron charger. 
Positive charges are generated in the aluminum layer.Step-2: Exposure (laser beam, lens)
A Laser beam is generated from the semiconductor laser and
controlled by the print pattern signal. The laser writes onto the OPC
drum surface through the polygon mirrors and lens. The resistance of
the OPC layer decreases for an area exposed by the laser beam
(corresponding to the print pattern signal). The beam neutralizes the
negative charge. An electrostatic latent image is formed on the drum
surface.
About
DC5.5KV
(   580V/   400V)
OPC layer
Pigment
layer
Aluminum
drum
OPC layer
Pigment
layer
Aluminum
layer Drum surface charge
after the exposure
Non-image area Image areaSemiconductor laser
Exposure
(semiconductor laser)
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							e-STUDIO162/162D/151/151D COPY PROCESS  6 - 3 Step-3: Developing (DC bias)
A bias potential is applied to the MG roller in the two component
magnetic brush developing method, and the toner is charged negative
through friction with the carrier.
Non-image area of the drum surface charged with negative potential
repel the toner, whereas the laser exposed portions where no negative
charges exist, attract the toner. As a result, a visible image appears on
the drum surface.
Toner is attracted over the shadowed area because of the developing
bias.Step-4: Transfer
The visible image on the drum surface is transferred onto the print
paper by applying a positive charge from the transfer corona to the
backside of the print paper.
Step-5: Separation
Since the print paper is charged positively by the transfer corona, it is
discharged by the separation corona. The separation corona is
connected to ground.
Step-6: Cleaning
Toner remaining on the drum is removed and collected by the cleaning
blade. It is transported to the waste toner collecting section in the
cleaning unit by the waste toner transport roller.
S
N
N
:Carrier (Magnetized particle)
:Toner (Charge negative by friction)
(N) (S) Permanent magnet
(provided in three locations)
MG roller DC
400V   8V
About DC 5.2kV
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							e-STUDIO162/162D/151/151D COPY PROCESS  6 - 4 Step-7: Optical discharge (Semiconductor laser)
Before the drum rotation is stopped, the semiconductor laser is
radiated onto the drum to reduce the electrical resistance in the OPC
layer and eliminate residual charge, providing a uniform state to the
drum surface for the next page to be printed.
When the electrical resistance is reduced, positive charges on the
aluminum layer are moved and neutralized with negative charges on
the OPC layer.
Charge by the Scorotron charger
Function
The Scorotron charger functions to maintain uniform surface potential
on the drum at all times, It control the surface potential regardless of
the charge characteristics of the photoconductor.
Basic function
A screen grid is placed between the saw tooth and the
photoconductor. A stable voltage is added to the screen grid to
maintain the corona current on the photoconductor.
As the photoconductor is charged by the saw tooth from the main
corona unit, the surface potential increases. This increases the current
flowing through the screen grid. When the photoconductor potential
nears the grid potential, the current turns to flow to the grid so that the
photoconductor potential can be maintained at a stable level.
Process controlling
Function
The print pattern signal is converted into an invisible image by the
semiconductor laser using negative to positive (reversible) developing
method. Therefore, if the developing bias is added before the drum is
charged, toner is attracted onto the drum. If the developing bias is not
added when the drum is charged, the carrier is attracted to the drum
because of the strong electrostatic force of the drum.
To avoid this, the process is controlled by adjusting the drum potential
and the grid potential of the Scorotron charger.
Basic function
Voltage added to the screen grid can be selected, high and low. To
make it easily understood, the figure below shows voltage transition at
the developer unit.
Start
1) Because the grid potential is at a low level, the drum potential is at
about -400V. (Carrier may not be attracted though the carrier is
pulled towards the drum by the electrostatic force of -400V.
2) Developing bias (-400V) is applied when the photoconductor
potential is switched from LOW to HIGH.
3) Once developing bias (-400V) is applied and the photo conductor
potential rises to HIGH, toner will not be attracted to the drum.
Stop
The reverse sequence takes place.
Retaining developing bias at an abnormal occurrence
Function
The developing bias will be lost if the power supply was removed
during print process. In this event, the drum potential slightly abates
and the carrier makes deposits on the drum because of strong static
power. To prevent this, the machine incorporates a function to retain
the developing bias for a certain period and decrease the voltage
gradually against possible power loss.
Basic function
Normally, the developing bias voltage is retained for a certain time
before the drum comes to a complete stop if the machine should stop
before completing the normal print cycle. The developing bias can be
added before resuming the operation after an abnormal interruption.
Therefore, carrier will not make a deposit on the drum surface.
Semiconductor laser
0START STOPPrint potential
Toner attract
potential
2)
3)
1)Low
4)Hi ghDrum potential
Developing bias
Time
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							e-STUDIO162/162D/151/151D OPERATIONAL DESCRIPTIONS  7 - 1
[7] OPERATIONAL DESCRIPTIONS
1. Outline of operation
The outline of operation is described referring to the basic configuration.
(Basic configuration)
(Outline of copy operation)
Setting conditions
1) Set copy conditions such as the copy quantity and the copy density
with the operation section, and press the COPY button. The infor-
mation on copy conditions is sent to the MCU.
Image scanning
2) When the COPY button is pressed, the scanner section starts
scanning of images. 
The light from the copy lamp is reflected by the document and
passed through the lens to the CCD.
Photo signal/Electric signal conversion
3) The image is converted into electrical signals by the CCD circuit
and passed to the MCU.
Image process
4) The document image signal sent from the CCD circuit is processed
under the revised conditions and sent to the LSU (laser unit) as
print data.
Electric signal/Photo signal (laser beam) conversion
5) The LSU emits laser beams according to the print data.
(Electrical signals are converted into photo signals.)
6) The laser beams are radiated through the polygon mirror and vari-
ous lenses to the OPC drum.Printing
7) Electrostatic latent images are formed on the OPC drum according
to the laser beams, and the latent images are developed to be visi-
ble images(toner images).
8) Meanwhile the paper is fed to the image transfer section in syn-
chronization with the image lead edge.
9) After the transfer of toner images onto the paper, the toner images
are fused to the paper by the fusing section. The copied paper is
discharged onto the exit tray.
(Outline of printer operation)
The print data sent from the PC are passed through the I/F and the
MCU to the LSU. The procedures after that are the same as above 5)
and later.
(Outline of scanner operation)
The scan data are passed through the MCU and the I/F to the PC
according to the conditions requested by the PC or set by the opera-
tions with the operation panel.
Operation
section
Scanner section
CCD 
MCU (Main control/image process section)Printer/
Scanner I/F
USB
USB or parallelPC
Note: The scanner function is effective
only by USB connection.
Network is for print only. 
Laser beam
Paper exit
Fusing section
Paper transport section
Manual paper
feed section Cassette paper
feed section Printer sectionLSU (Laser unit)
Laser diode, Polygon mirror lens
Process section
FAX modemFAX (Option)
(Option)
Network
FAX I/FNetwork
Box
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							e-STUDIO162/162D/151/151D OPERATIONAL DESCRIPTIONS  7 - 2
2. Scanner section
A. Scanner unit
The scanner unit in the digital copier scans images.
It is composed of the optical unit and the drive unit. The optical unit
performs scanning in the main scan direction with the light receiving
elements (color CCD). The drive unit performs scanning in the sub
scanning direction by moving the optical unit.
B. Optical system
Two white lamps are used as the light source.
Light radiated from the light source is applied to the document on the
document table. The reflected light from the document is reflected 5
times by No. 1 - No. 3 mirrors and passed through the reduction lens to
form images on the light-receiving surface of 3-line CCD.
The light-receiving surface of the color CCD is provided with 3 line
scanning sections for RGB. Separate images scanned in each color
section are overlapped to complete color scanning. (When PC scan-
ning)
The resolution is 600dpi.
When copying, only the green component is used to print with the
printer.
The color component for printing can be switched to red or blue by the
service test command.
(Spectrum characteristics of the lamp)(Spectrum characteristics of the color CCD)
(Optical unit)
C. Drive system
The drive system is composed of the scanner motor, the pulley gear,
the idle pulley, the idle gear, the belt 473, the belt 190, and the shaft.
The motor rotation is converted into reciprocated movements of the
belt 473 through the idle gear, the pulley gear, the belt 190, and the
idle pulley to drive the optical unit.
MBVM26W25W260NLH/G
0.00E+001.00E-01 2.00E-01 3.00E-01
4.00E-01 5.00E-01 6.00E-01
0 200 400 600 800
Wave length (nm)
Intensity of UV
Lamp : MBVM26W25W260NLH/G
Lamp current : 5mA
Temp. : 25 degree
1 Table glass 2 Optical unit 3 Lens
4 Mirror 1 5 Mirror 2 6 Mirror 3
7 CCD PWB 8 Lamp 9 Reflector
1
9810
8
9
7
3
542 6
1 Scanner motor 2 Pulley gear 3 Idle pulley
4 Belt 473 5 Belt 190 6 Optical unit
7 Shaft 8 Idle gear 9
7
34 6 28 51
3
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							e-STUDIO162/162D/151/151D OPERATIONAL DESCRIPTIONS  7 - 3
3. Laser unit
The image data sent from the MCU (image process circuit) is sent to
the LSU (laser unit), where it is converted into laser beams.
A. Basic structure
The LSU unit is the writing section of the digital optical system.
The semiconductor laser is used as the light source, and images are
formed on the OPC drum by the polygon mirror and f
θ lens, etc.
The laser beams are passed through the collimator lens, the cylindrical
lens, the polygon mirror, the f
θ lens, and the mirror to form images on
the OPC drum in the main scanning direction. The laser emitting PWB
is provided with the APC (auto power control) in order to eliminate fluc-
tuations in the laser power. The BD PWB works for measurement of
the laser writing start point.
Makes the laser scanning speeds at both ends of the drum same as
each other.
B. Laser beam path
C. Composition
Effective scanning width: 216mm (max.)
Resolution: 600dpi
Beam diameter: 75um in the main scanning direction, 80um in the sub
scanning direction
Image surface power: 0.15 ±0.01mW (Laser wavelength 770 - 795nm)
Polygon motor section: Brushless motor 31,180rpm
No. of mirror surfaces: 4 surfaces
4. Fuser sectionNo  Component Function
1 Semiconductor laser Generates laser beams.
2 Collimator lens Converges laser beams in parallel.
3 CY lens Converges laser beams onto the 
polygon mirror surface. 
4 Polygon mirror, 
polygon motorReflects laser beams at a constant 
rpm.
(A four-surfaces polygon mirror is 
used.)
5 BD (Mirror, lens, 
PWB)Detects start timing of laser scanning.
6f
θ lens Converges laser beams at a spot on 
the drum.
Makes the laser scanning speeds at 
both ends of the drum same as each 
other. (Refer to the figure below.)
2
5 3
6 41
a ≠ b ≠ c
ab c
d = e = f
def
  fθ LENS
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							e-STUDIO162/162D/151/151D OPERATIONAL DESCRIPTIONS  7 - 4
A. General description
General block diagram (cross section)
Top view
(1) Heat roller
A Teflon roller is used for the heat roller and a silicone rubber roller is
used for the lower heat roller for better toner fusing performance and
paper separation.
(2) Separator pawl
Three separator pawls are used on the upper heat roller. The separa-
tor pawls are Teflon coated to reduce friction with the roller and prevent
a smear on the paper caused by the separator pawl.
(3) Thermal control
1) The heater lamp, thermistor, main PWB, DC power supply PWB,
and triac within the power supply unit are used to control the
temperature in the fuser unit.
To prevent against abnormally high temperature in the fuser unit, a
thermal breaker and thermal fuse are used for safety purposes.2) The surface temperature of the upper heat roller is set to 165 -
190°C. The surface temperature during the power save mode is
set to 100°C.
3) The self-check function comes active when one of the following
malfunctions occurs, and an H is displayed on the multicopy
window.
a. When the heat roller surface temperature rises above 240°C.
b. When the heat roller surface temperature drops below 100°C during
the copy cycle.
c. Open thermistor
d. Open thermal fuse
e. When the heat roller temperature does not reach 190°C within 27
second after supplying the power.
(4) Fusing resistor
Fusing resistor
This model is provided with a fusing resistor in the fusing section to
improve transfer efficiency.
Since the upper heat roller is conductive, when using copy paper that
contains moisture and the distance between the transfer unit and the
fusing unit is short, the transfer current may find a path to ground via
the copy paper, the upper heat roller and the discharging brush.
5. Paper feed section and paper transport 
section
A. Paper transport path and general operations
Paper feed is made in two ways; the tray paper feed and the manual
paper feed. The tray is of universal-type, and has the capacity of 250
sheets.
The front loading system allows you to install or remove the tray from
the front cabinet.
The general descriptions on the tray paper feed and the manual paper
feed operation are given below.
Separator pawl
PPD2
Thermal fuse
Thermistor
Heat roller
Paper guide
Pressure roller
Heat rollerThermistorThermal fuse
Heater lamp
Separator pawl
Safety device
(thermal breaker, thermal
fuse)
Triac (in the
power supply unit)Heated by the heater 
lamp. (800W)
The surface temperature
of the upper heat roller is
sensed by the thermistor.
Level of the thermistor is
controlled by the main PWB.
With the signal from the
main PWB, the triac is
controlled on and off.
(power supply PWB)
1 Scanner unit 8 Drum
2 Copy lamp 9 Transfer unit
3 LSU (Laser unit) 10 Pickup roller
4 Paper exit roller 11 Manual paper feed tray
5 Main charger 12 Manual paper feed roller
6 Heat roller 13 PS roller unit
7 Pressure roller 14 Paper feed roller
1 2 5 3 4
6
7
8
9
10
11
12 13 14
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							e-STUDIO162/162D/151/151D OPERATIONAL DESCRIPTIONS  7 - 5
(1) Cassette paper feed operation
1) The figure below shows the positions of the pick-up roller, the
paper feed clutch sleeve, and the paper feed latch in the initial
state without pressing the COPY button after lighting the ready
lamp.
The paper feed latch is in contact with the projection of the clutch
sleeve.
2) When the COPY button is pressed, the main drive motor starts
rotating to drive each drive gear.
The pick-up drive gear also is driven at that time. Since, however,
the paper feed latch is in contact with the projection of the clutch
sleeve, rotation of the drive gear is not transmitted to the pick-up
roller, which does not rotate therefore.
3) After about 0.1 sec from when the main motor start rotating, the
tray paper feed solenoid (PFS) turns on for a moment.
This disengages the paper feed latch from the projection of the
clutch sleeve, transmitting rotation of the pick-up drive gear to the
paper feed roller shaft, rotating the pick-up roller to feed the paper.
4) After more than half rotation of the pick-up roller, the paper feed
latch is brought in contact with a notch on the clutch sleeve,
stopping rotation of the pick-up roller.5) At this time, the paper is fed passed the paper entry detection
switch (PPD1), and detected by it. After about 0.15 sec from
detection of paper by PPD1, the tray paper feed solenoid (PFS)
turns on so that the clutch sleeve projection comes into contact
with the paper feed latch to stop the pick-up roller. Then the pick-
up roller rotates for about 0.15 sec so that the lead edge of the
paper is evenly pressed on the resist roller, preventing against
skew feeding.
6) To release the resist roller, the tray paper feed solenoid and the
resist solenoid are turned on by the paper start signal to disengage
the resist start latch from the clutch sleeve, transmitting rotation of
the resist drive gear to the resist roller shaft. Thus the paper is
transported by the resist roller.
7) After the resist roller starts rotating, the paper is passed through
the pre-transfer guide to the transfer section. Images are
transferred on the paper, which is separated from the OPC drum
by the drum curve and the separation section.
8) The paper separated from the drum is passed through the fusing
paper guide, the heat roller (fusing section), POD (paper out
detector) to the copy tray.
OFFPFS
OFF RRS
OFFPFS
OFF RRS
ON PFS
OFF RRS
OFFPFS
ON RRS
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