Garmin G1000 Manual
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190-00709-04 Rev. AGarmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Socata TBM 850427 HAZARD AVOIDANCE Alert Type PFD/MFD** Alert Annunciation MFD Pop-Up Alert (except TAWS-B Page)Aural Message Excessive Descent Rate Warning (EDR)“Pull Up” Reduced Required Terrain Clearance Warning (RTC)or * “Terrain, Terrain; Pull Up, Pull Up” or “Terrain Ahead, Pull Up; Terrain Ahead, Pull Up”* Imminent Terrain Impact Warning (ITI) * or “Terrain, Terrain; Pull Up, Pull Up”* or Terrain Ahead, Pull Up; Terrain Ahead, Pull Up’ Reduced Required Obstacle Clearance Warning (ROC)or * “Obstacle, Obstacle; Pull Up, Pull Up” or “Obstacle Ahead, Pull Up; Obstacle Ahead, Pull Up”* Imminent Obstacle Impact Warning (IOI) * or “Obstacle, Obstacle; Pull Up, Pull Up”* or “Obstacle Ahead, Pull Up; Obstacle Ahead, Pull Up” Reduced Required Terrain Clearance Caution (RTC) or * “Caution, Terrain; Caution, Terrain” or “Terrain Ahead; Terrain Ahead”* Imminent Terrain Impact Caution (ITI) * or “Caution, Terrain; Caution, Terrain”* or “Terrain Ahead; Terrain Ahead” Reduced Required Obstacle Clearance Caution (ROC)or * “Caution, Obstacle; Caution, Obstacle” or “Obstacle Ahead; Obstacle Ahead”* Imminent Obstacle Impact Caution (IOI) * or “Caution, Obstacle; Caution, Obstacle”* or “Obstacle Ahead; Obstacle Ahead” Premature Descent Alert Caution (PDA)“Too Low, Terrain” Altitude Callout “500”NoneNone“Five-Hundred” Excessive Descent Rate Caution (EDR)“Sink Rate” Negative Climb Rate Caution (NCR) * or “Don’t Sink”* or “Too Low, Terrain” * Alerts with multiple messages are configurable at installation and a\ re installation-dependent. Alerts for the default configuration when more than one option is available are indicated wit\ h asterisks.** Annunciation is displayed on the MFD when terrain display is enabled.\ Table 6-21 TAWS-B Alerts Summary
Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Socata TBM 850190-00709-04 Rev. A428 HAZARD AVOIDANCE EXCESSIVE DESCENT RATE ALERT The purpose of the Excessive Descent Rate (EDR) alert is to provide suitable notification when the aircraft is determined to be closing (descending) upon terrain at an excessive speed. Figure 6-148 shows the parameters for the alert as defined by TSO-C151b. 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 60000 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 12000 Descent Rate (FPM) Height Above Terrain (Feet) Caution: “SINK RATE” Warning: “PULL UP” Figure 6-148 Excessive Descent Rate Alert Criteria FORWARD LOOKING TERRAIN AVOIDANCE Reduced Required Terrain Clearance (RTC) and Reduced Required Obstacle Clearance (ROC) alerts are issued when the aircraft flight path is above terrain, yet is projected to come within the minimum clearance values in Figure 6-149. When an RTC alert is issued, a potential impact point is displayed on the TAWS-B Page. Imminent Terrain Impact (ITI) and Imminent Obstacle Impact (IOI) alerts are issued when the aircraft is below the elevation of a terrain or obstacle cell in the aircraft’s projected path. ITI and IOI alerts are accompanied by a potential impact point displayed on the TAWS-B Page. The alert is annunciated when the projected vertical flight path is calculated to come within minimum clearance altitudes in Figure 6-149.
190-00709-04 Rev. AGarmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Socata TBM 850429
HAZARD AVOIDANCE
Requi red Cle ara nc e
0
1
00
2
00
3
00
4
00
5
00
6
00
7
00
8
000 510 15 20 25 30Dis ta n ce F ro m Ru nw ay ( NM )
Requir ed T erra in Cle ara n ce ( FT)
Leve l ( FT )De sce ndin g ( FT )
Figure 6-149 FLTA Alert Minimum Terrain and Obstacle Clearance Values
Distance From Runway (NM)
Required Clearance (FT)
FLTA alerts are automatically inhibited when the aircraft is less than 200 feet above the destination runway
elevation while within 0.5 nm of the approach runway or the aircraft is between runway ends.
PREMATURE DESCENT ALERTING
A Premature Descent Alert (PDA) is issued when the system detects that the aircraft is significantly
below the normal approach path to a runway (Figure 6-150).
PDA alerting begins when the aircraft is below 700 feet AGL within 15 nm of the destination airport and
ends when the aircraft is 0.5 nm from the runway threshold.
Figure 6-150 PDA Alerting Threshold
0
100 200 300 400 500 600 700
800
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Height Above Destination (Feet)
Distance to Destination (NM)
PDA ALERTING AREA
Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Socata TBM 850190-00709-04 Rev. A430 HAZARD AVOIDANCE TAWS-B INHIBIT TAWS-B PDA and FLTA aural and visual alerts can be manually inhibited. Use caution when inhibiting TAWS-B alerting as the system should be enabled when appropriate. When TAWS-B is inhibited, the alert annunciation 'TAWS INH' is shown on the PFD, and in the MFD terrain annunciation window when terrain display is enabled. Figure 6-151 TAWS-B Alerting Disabled (TAWS-B Inhibited) Annunciation Inhibiting/enabling TAWS-B alerting: 1) Select the TAWS-B Page. 2) Press the MENU Key. 3) Select 'Inhibit TAWS' or 'Enable TAWS', depending on the current state, and press the ENT Key. Or: Select the INHIBIT Softkey to inhibit TAWS. If TAWS-B alerts are inhibited when the Final Approach Fix is the active waypoint during a GPS SBAS approach, a LOW ALT annunciation may appear on the PFD next to the altimeter if the current aircraft altitude is at least 164 feet below the prescribed altitude at the Final Approach Fix. See the Flight Instruments Section for details. FIVE-HUNDRED AURAL ALERT The purpose of the aural alert message “Five-hundred” is to provide an advisory alert of when the aircraft descends to within 500 feet above the terrain or runway threshold. When the aircraft is within 5 nm of an airport, the “Five Hundred” aural alert is based on the nearest runway threshold elevation. When the aircraft is more than 5 nm of the nearest airport, the “Five Hundred” aural alert is based on the height above terrain (as determined by the GPS altitude and Terrain Database). There are no display annunciations or pop-up alerts that accompany the aural message. NEGATIVE CLIMB RATE AFTER TAKEOFF ALERT (NCR) The Negative Climb Rate (NCR) After Takeoff alert (also referred to as “Altitude Loss After Takeoff”) provides alerts when the system determines the aircraft is losing altitude (closing upon terrain) after takeoff. The aural message “Don’t Sink” is given for NCR alerts, accompanied by an annunciation and a pop-up terrain alert on the display. NCR alerting is only active when departing from an airport and when the following conditions are met: • Height above the terrain is less than 700 feet • Distance from the departure airport is 5 nm or less • Heading change from the departure heading is less than 110 degrees
190-00709-04 Rev. AGarmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Socata TBM 850431 HAZARD AVOIDANCE Figures 6-104 and 6-105 show the NCR alerting parameters based on Altitude Loss and Sink Rate respectively as defined by TSO-C151b. Figure 6-152 Negative Climb Rate (NCR) Altitude Loss 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 0 20 40 6080100 120 140 Altitude Loss (Feet) Height Above Terrain (Feet) “DON’T SINK” or “TOO LOW, TERRAIN” Figure 6-153 Negative Climb Rate (NCR) Sink Rate 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 Sink Rate (FPM) Height Above Terrain (Feet) “DON’T SINK”or “TOO LOW, TERRAIN”
Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Socata TBM 850190-00709-04 Rev. A432 HAZARD AVOIDANCE SYSTEM STATUS During G1000 power-up, TAWS-B conducts a self-test of its aural and visual annunciations. The system test can also be manually initiated. An aural alert is issued at test completion. TAWS-B System Testing is disabled when ground speed exceeds 30 knots. Alert TypePFD/MFD* Alert Annunciation TAWS-B Page Center Banner Annunciation Aural Message System Test in ProgressTAWS TESTNone System Test PassNoneNone“TAWS System Test OK” TAWS System Test FailTAWS FAIL“TAWS System Failure” * Annunciation is displayed on the MFD when terrain display is enabled. Table 6-22 TAWS-B System Test Status Annunciations Manually testing the TAWS-B System: 1) Select the TAWS-B Page. 2) Press the MENU Key. 3) Select 'Test TAWS System' and press the ENT Key to confirm the selection. Figure 6-154 TAWS-B Page Menu TAWS-B continually monitors several system-critical items such as database validity, hardware status, and GPS status. If the terrain/obstacle database is not available, the aural message “TAWS System Failure” is generated along with the ‘TAWS FAIL’ alert annunciation. TAWS-B requires a 3-D GPS navigation solution along with specific vertical accuracy minimums. Should the navigation solution become degraded or if the aircraft is out of the database coverage area, the annunciation ‘TAWS N/A’ is generated in the annunciation window and on the TAWS-B Page. The aural message “TAWS Not Available” is generated. When sufficient GPS signal is returns and the aircraft is within the database coverage area, the aural message “TAWS Available” is generated.
190-00709-04 Rev. AGarmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Socata TBM 850433
HAZARD AVOIDANCE
Alert CausePFD/MFD*
Annunciation
TAWS-B Page Annunciation
Center Banner AnnunciationAural Message
MFD Terrain or Obstacle
database unavailable or
invalid. TAWS-B operating
with PFD Terrain or Obstacle
databases
NoneTERRAIN DATABASE FAILURENone
Terrain or Obstacle database
unavailable or invalid on all
displays, invalid software
configuration, TAWS audio
fault
TAWS FAIL“TAWS System Failure”
No GPS positionNO GPS POSITION“TAWS Not Available”
“TAWS Available” when
GPS position returns.
Excessively degraded GPS
signal
None“TAWS Not Available”
“TAWS Available” when
sufficient GPS signal is
received.
Out of database coverage
area
None“TAWS Not Available”
“TAWS Available”
when aircraft re-enters
database coverage area.
* Annunciation is displayed on the MFD when terrain display is ena\
bled.
Table 6-23 TAWS-B Abnormal Conditions
Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Socata TBM 850190-00709-04 Rev. A434 HAZARD AVOIDANCE 6.8 PROFILE VIEW TERRAIN The G1000 offers a Profile View of terrain and obstacles relative to the aircraft’s current flight path and altitude on the Navigation Map Page of the MFD. Profile View does not provide TAWS-B terrain or obstacle caution or warning annunciations or voice alerts systems, nor does it display potential impact points inside the Profile View. The colors and symbols in Figure 6-155 and Table 6-24 are used to represent terrain and obstacles. 1000 ft Aircraft Altitude 100 ft Threshold Terrain Above Aircraft Altitude Red terrain is above or within 100 ft below the aircraft altitude Y ellow terrain is between 100 ft and 1000 ft below the aircraft altitude \ Black terrain is more than 1000 ft below the aircraft altitude Figure 6-155 Terrain Altitude/Color Correlation for Profile View Terrain Unlighted ObstacleLighted ObstacleObstacle Location< 1000’ AGL> 1000’ AGL< 1000’ AGL> 1000’ AGL Red obstacle is above or within 100 ft below the aircraft altitude Yellow obstacle is between 100 ft and 1000 ft below the aircraft altitude Table 6-24 Profile View Terrain/Obstacle Colors and Symbology Enabling/Disabling Profile View: 1) Select the Navigation Map Page. 2) Press the MAP Softkey. 3) Press the PROFILE Softkey to enable or disable Profile View. Or: 1) Press the MENU Key. 2) Select ‘Show Profile View’ or ‘Hide Profile View’ (choice dependent on current state) and press the ENT Key. Enabling/Disabling Profile View Terrain on the Navigation Map (when Profile View is enabled): 1) Select the Navigation Map Page.
190-00709-04 Rev. AGarmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Socata TBM 850435 HAZARD AVOIDANCE 2) Press the MAP Softkey. 3) Press the TERRAIN Softkey. PROFILE VIEW DISPLAY When the Profile View is enabled, it is displayed in a window below the Navigation Map. Altitude is shown along a vertical scale, with an aircraft icon positioned at the current altitude. Distance is represented horizontally along the bottom of the Profile View, and increases from left (present position) to right. When the Navigation Map range is adjusted with the RANGE Knob, the horizontal distance of the Profile View is adjusted proportionately to be 1/2 of the Navigation Map range distance down to 1 nm, at which point Profile View is no longer available (‘PROFILE NOT AVAILABLE’ is displayed). When Navigation Map range is adjusted to remove altitude-correlated colored terrain data (as shown in the Terrain Legend) or obstacles from the Navigation Map, these items are also removed from the Profile View; only an outline of the terrain will be displayed in black in the Profile View window. Refer to the Terrain Proximity, Terrain-SVS, or TAWS-B discussions for more information about displaying terrain or obstacles on the Navigation Map Page. Terrain Legend Profile View Length is One Half of the Navigation Map Range Figure 6-156 Profile View on Navigation Map with Terrain Display Enabled Altitude Scale Distance Scale Terrain Enabled Icons Navigation Map Range Profile Path Range Markers The Profile View is based on the current aircraft track (or heading if track is unavailable) and shows the highest known terrain or obstacles within a predetermined width from the present aircraft position to the end of the profile range. The width of the Profile View is determined by the phase of flight, as annunciated on the HSI, and is widest during enroute and oceanic phases (Table 6-25).
Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Socata TBM 850190-00709-04 Rev. A436 HAZARD AVOIDANCE Flight PhaseTotal Profile View Width Approach0.6 nm Departure0.6 nm Terminal2.0 nm Enroute4.0 nm Oceanic4.0 nm Table 6-25 Profile View Width Scale PROFILE PATH The Profile Path displays the horizontal and lateral boundaries of the Profile View. The path is shown as a white rectangle on the Navigation Map Page and is only available when Profile View is enabled. White range markers both edges of the Profile Path rectangle match the range markers along the distance scale inside the Profile View display window whenever the profile range is at least 4 nm (or 7.5 km if configured for metric units). The Profile Path rectangle may be configured on or off, and the Navigation Map range at which the Profile Path is removed from map display can be changed. Customizing the Profile Path display on the Navigation Map Page: 1) Select the Navigation Map Page. 2) Press the MENU Key. 3) With ‘Map Setup’ highlighted, press the ENT Key (Figure 6-157). 4) Turn the small FMS Knob to select the ‘Profile’ Group and press the ENT Key (Figure 6-158). 5) Turn the large FMS Knob or press the ENT Key to scroll through product selections (Figure 6-159). • PROFILE PATH – Turns the display of the Profile Path on or off and sets maximum range at which Profile Path is shown 6) Turn the small FMS Knob to scroll through options (ON/OFF, range settings). 7) Press the ENT Key to select an option. 8) Press the FMS Knob or CLR Key to return to the Navigation Map Page with the changed settings.