Garmin G1000 Manual

							190-00709-04  Rev. AGarmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Socata TBM 850317
HAZARD AVOIDANCE
2) Select Weather Legend and press the ENT Key.
3) Turn the FMS Knob to scroll through the legends if more are available than fit in the window.
4) To remove the Legend Window, select the LEGEND Softkey, the ENT or the CLR Key, or press the FMS Knob.
Additional	information	about	the	following	can	be	displayed	by	panning	over	the	display	on	the	map:
•	 Echo
The	map	 panning	 feature	is	enabled	 by	pressing	 the	RANGE Knob.	 	The	 map	 range	 is	adjusted	 by	turning	
the RANGE Knob.	 	If	 the	 map	 range	 is	adjusted	 while	panning	 is	enabled,	 the	map	 is	re-centered	 on	the	 Map	
Pointer.
Figure 6-9  Panning on the Weather Data Link (XM) Page
Additional 
Information on 
Weather Feature 
Selected with 
Map Pointer
Flash Flood 
Warning 
Selected With 
Map Pointer  
						

							Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Socata TBM 850190-00709-04  Rev. A318
HAZARD AVOIDANCE
NEXRAD
 NOTE:  NEXRAD data cannot be displayed at the same time as terrain, echo tops, turbulence, or icing data 
is displayed.
WSR-88D,	 or	NEXRAD	 (NEXt-generation	 RADar),	is	a	network	 of	158	 high-resolution	 Doppler	radar	
systems	that	are	operated	 by	the	 National	 Weather	Service	(NWS).	 	 NEXRAD	 data	provides	 centralized	
meteorological	 information	for	the	 continental	 United	States	and	selected	 overseas	 locations.		 The	maximum	
range	 of	a	single	 NEXRAD	 radar	site	is	250	 nm.		 In	addition	 to	a	wide	 array	 of	services,	 the	NEXRAD	 network	
provides	important	information	about	severe	weather	for	air	traffic	safety.
NEXRAD	 data	is	not	 real-time.	 	 The	lapsed	 time	between	 collection,	 processing,	 and	dissemination	 of	
NEXRAD	images	can	be	significant	 and	may	 not	reflect	 the	current	 radar	synopsis.		 Due	to	the	 inherent	 delays	
and	the	relative	 age	of	the	 data,	 it	should	 be	used	 for	long-range	 planning	purposes	 only.		Never	 use	NEXRAD	
data	 or	any	 radar	 data	to	penetrate	 hazardous	 weather.	 	Instead,	use	it	in	 an	 early-warning	 capacity	of	pre-
departure and enroute evaluation.
Figure 6-10  NEXRAD Data on the Weather Data Link Page
NEXRAD	data	can	be	displayed	on	the	following	maps:
•	 PFD  
						

							190-00709-04  Rev. AGarmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Socata TBM 850319
HAZARD AVOIDANCE
Displaying NEXRAD weather information:
1) Select the MAP Softkey (for the PFD Inset Map, select the INSET Softkey).  This step is not necessary on the 
Weather Data Link (XM) Page.
2) Select the NEXRAD Softkey.
Composite	data	from	 all	the	 NEXRAD	 radar	sites	in	the	 United	 States	is	shown.		 This	data	is	composed	 of	
the	maximum	 reflectivity	 from	the	individual	 radar	sweeps.	 	 The	display	 of	the	 information	 is	color-coded	
to	 indicate	 the	weather	 severity	level.		All	weather	 product	legends	can	be	viewed	 on	the	 Weather	 Data	Link	
(XM)	Page.		For	the	NEXRAD	legend,	select	the	LEGEND	Softkey	when	NEXRAD	is	selected	for	display.
No Radar 
Coverage
Figure 6-11  NEXRAD Data with Legend
The	display	 of	radar	 coverage	 is	always	 active	when	either	 NEXRAD	 or	Echo	 Tops	is	selected.		 Areas	where	
NEXRAD	 radar	coverage	 and	Echo	 Tops	information	 is	not	 currently	 available	or	is	not	 being	 collected	 are	
indicated in a gray shade of purple.
ReFlectivity
Reflectivity	 is	the	 amount	 of	transmitted	 power	returned	 to	the	 radar	 receiver.		 Colors	on	the	 NEXRAD	
display	 directly	 correlate	 to	the	 level	 of	detected	 reflectivity.		 Reflectivity	as	it	relates	 to	hazardous	 weather	
can	be	very	complex.
The	role	of	radar	 is	essentially	 to	detect	 moisture	 in	the	 atmosphere.		 Simply	put,	certain	 types	of	weather		
reflect	 radar	better	 than	others.	 	 The	intensity	 of	a	radar	 reflection	 is	not	 necessarily	 an	indication	 of	the	
weather	 hazard	level.		For	instance,	 wet	hail	 returns	 a	strong	 radar	reflection,	 while	dry	hail	 does	 not.		Both	
wet	and	dry	hail	can	be	extremely	hazardous.  
						

							Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Socata TBM 850190-00709-04  Rev. A320
HAZARD AVOIDANCE
The	different	 NEXRAD	 echo	intensities	 are	measured	 in	decibels	 (dB)	relative	 to	reflectivity	 (Z).		NEXRAD	
measures	 the	radar	 reflectivity	 ratio,	or	the	 energy	 reflected	 back	to	the	 radar	 receiver	 (designated	 by	the	
letter	Z).		The	value	of	Z	increases	as	the	returned	signal	strength	increases.
neXRaD limitatiOns
NEXRAD	radar	images	may	have	certain	limitations:
•	 NEXRAD	 base	reflectivity	 does	not	provide	 sufficient	 information	 to	determine	 cloud	layers	 or	precipitation	
characteristics.		For	example,	it	is	not	possible	to	distinguish	between	wet	snow,	wet	hail,	and	rain.
•	 NEXRAD	 base	reflectivity	 is	sampled	 at	the	 minimum	 antenna	elevation	 angle.		An	individual	 NEXRAD	
site	cannot	 depict	high	altitude	 storms	at	close	 ranges.		 It	has	 no	information	 about	storms	 directly	 over	
the site.
•	 When	 zoomed	in	to	a	range	 of	30	 nm,	 each	 square	 block	on	the	 display	 represents	 an	area	 of	four	 square	
kilometers.	 	 The	intensity	 level	reflected	 by	each	 square	 represents	 the	highest	 level	of	NEXRAD	 data	
sampled within the area.
•	 Any	unknown	precipitation	type	below	52ºN	is	displayed	as	rain.
Figure 6-12  NEXRAD Data - Zoomed Each block 
covers an Area 
of 4 sq. km  
						

							190-00709-04  Rev. AGarmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Socata TBM 850321
HAZARD AVOIDANCE
The	following	may	cause	abnormalities	in	displayed	NEXRAD	radar	images:
•	 Ground	clutter
•	 Strobes	and	spurious	radar	data
•	 Sun	strobes	(when	the	radar	antenna	points	directly	at	the	sun)
•	 Interference	from	buildings	or	mountains,	which	may	cause	shadows
•	 Metallic	dust	from	military	aircraft,	which	can	cause	alterations	in	radar	scans
neXRaD limitatiOns (canaDa)
•	 Radar	coverage	extends	to	55ºN.
•	 Any	precipitation	displayed	between	52ºN	and	55ºN	is	displayed	as	mixed.
Precipitation 
Above 52ºN
Appears Mixed
No Coverage Above 55ºN
Figure 6-13  NEXRAD Data - Canada  
						

							Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Socata TBM 850190-00709-04  Rev. A322
HAZARD AVOIDANCE
ECHO TOPS
 NOTE:  Echo tops cannot be displayed at the same time as NEXRAD or Cloud Tops are selected for display.
Echo	 Tops	data	(Figure	 6-14)	shows	 the	location,	 elevation,	 and	direction	 of	the	 highest	 radar	echo.		 The	
highest radar echo does not indicate the top of a storm or clouds; rathe\
r it indicates the highest altitude at 
which	precipitation	is	detected.		Information	is	derived	from	NEXRAD	data.
Figure 6-14  Echo Tops Data
Displaying Echo Tops information:
1) Select the Weather Data Link (XM) Page with the FMS Knob.
2) Select the ECHO TOP Softkey.
To	display	 the	Echo	 Tops	legend,	 select	the	LEGEND	Softkey	 when	Echo	Tops	is	selected	 for	display.		 Since	
Echo	Tops	and	Cloud	 Tops	use	the	same	 color	 scaling	 to	represent	 altitude,	display	of	these	 weather	 products	
is	mutually	exclusive.		When	Echo	Tops	is	activated,	NEXRAD	and	Cloud	Tops	data	are	removed.
Figure 6-15  Echo Tops Legend
No Radar 
Coverage  
						

							190-00709-04  Rev. AGarmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Socata TBM 850323
HAZARD AVOIDANCE
The	display	 of	radar	 coverage	 is	always	 active	when	either	 NEXRAD	 or	Echo	 Tops	is	selected.		 Areas	where	
NEXRAD	 radar	coverage	 and	Echo	 Tops	information	 is	not	 available	 or	is	not	 being	 collected	 are	indicated	 in	
a gray shade of purple. 
CLOUD TOPS
 NOTE:  Cloud Tops and Echo Tops cannot be displayed at the same time.
Cloud	Tops	data	(Figure	6-16)	depicts	cloud	top	altitudes	as	determined	from	satellite	imagery.
Figure 6-16  Cloud Tops Data
Displaying Cloud Tops information:
1) Select the Weather Data Link (XM) Page with the FMS Knob.
2) Select the CLD TOP Softkey.
To	 display	 the	Cloud	 Tops	legend,	 select	the	LEGEND	Softkey	 when	Cloud	 Tops	is	selected	 for	display.			
Since	 Cloud	 Tops	and	Echo	 Tops	use	the	same	 color	 scaling	 to	represent	 altitude,	display	of	these	 weather	
products	is	mutually	exclusive.		When	Cloud	Tops	is	activated,	Echo	Tops	data	is	removed.
Figure 6-17  Cloud Tops Legend  
						

							Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Socata TBM 850190-00709-04  Rev. A324
HAZARD AVOIDANCE
XM LIGHTNING
 NOTE:  XM Lightning cannot be displayed at the same time as optional L-3 STORMSCOPE® WX-500 
Lightning data.
Lightning	 data	(Figure	 6-18)	shows	 the	approximate	 location	of	cloud-to-ground	 lightning	strikes.		A	strike	
icon	 represents	 a	strike	 that	has	occurred	 within	a	two-kilometer	 region.		The	exact	 location	 of	the	 lightning	
strike	is	not	displayed.
Lightning 
Strikes
Figure 6-18  Lightning Data
XM	Lightning	data	displays	on	the	following	maps:
•	 PFD
Displaying XM Lightning information:
1) Select the MAP Softkey (for the PFD Inset Map, select the INSET Softkey).  This step is not necessary on the 
Weather Data Link (XM) Page.
2) Select the XM LTNG Softkey.
To	 display	 the	XM	 Lightning	 legend	on	the	 Weather	 Data	Link	 (XM)	 Page,	 select	 the	LEGEND	Softkey	
when	XM	Lightning	is	selected	for	display.
Figure 6-19  Lightning Legend  
						

							190-00709-04  Rev. AGarmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Socata TBM 850325
HAZARD AVOIDANCE
CELL MOVEMENT
Cell	Movement	 data	(Figure	 6-20)	shows	 the	location	 and	movement	 of	storm	 cells	as	identified	 by	the	
ground-based	 system.		Cells	are	represented	 by	yellow	 squares,	 with	direction	 of	movement	 indicated	with	
short, orange arrows.
Figure 6-20  Cell Movement Data Storm 
Cells
On	
most	 applicable	 maps,	Cell	Movement	 data	is	selected	 for	display	 along	with	NEXRAD.		 On	the	Weather	
Data	 Link	 (XM)	 Page,	 Cell	Movement	 data	can	be	selected	 independently.	 	 Cell	Movement	 data	can	be	
displayed on the following maps:
•	 PFD
Displaying Cell Movement information:
1) Select the MAP Softkey (for the PFD Inset Map, select the INSET Softkey).  This step is not necessary on the 
Weather Data Link (XM) Page.
2) Select the NEXRAD Softkey (CEL MOV Softkey on the Weather Data Link (XM) Page).  For Cell Movement to 
be displayed on maps other than the Weather Data Link (XM) Page, Cell Movement must be turned on in the 
Navigation Map Setup Menu (see “Setting up and customizing weather data for the Navigation Map Page").
To	display	 the	Cell	 Movement	 legend	on	the	 Weather	 Data	Link	 (XM)	 Page,	 select	 the	LEGEND	Softkey	
when	Cell	Movement	is	selected	for	display.
Figure 6-21  Cell Movement Legend  
						

							Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Guide for the Socata TBM 850190-00709-04  Rev. A326
HAZARD AVOIDANCE
SIGMETS AND AIRMETS
SIGMETs		(SIGnificant	METeorological	 Information)	and AIRMETs	(AIRmen’s	METeorological	 Information)	
are	broadcast	 for	potentially	 hazardous	weather.	 	A	Convective	 SIGMET	is	issued	 for	hazardous	 convective	
weather.	 	A	localized	 SIGMET	is	a	significant	 weather	condition	 occurring	 at	a	localized	 geographical	
position.
Figure 6-22  SIGMET/AIRMET Data
Convective 
SIGMET
AIRMET
Displaying SIGMETs and AIRMETs:
1) Select the Weather Data Link (XM) Page with the FMS Knob.
2) Select the SIG/AIR Softkey.
3) To view the text of the SIGMET or AIRMET, press the RANGE Knob and move the Map Pointer over the icon.
4) Press the ENT key.  The figure below shows a sample of SIGMET text.
To	display	 the	SIGMET	 and	AIRMET	 legend,	select	the	LEGEND Softkey	 when	SIGMETs	 and	AIRMETs	 are	
selected for display.
 
Sample SIGMET Text
SIGMET/AIRMET Legend
Figure 6-23  SIGMET/AIRMET Text and Legend