Sony Vegas 5 Manual
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CHP. 11WORKING WITH 5.1 SURROUND 179 Panning mixer controls You may choose to route tracks to busses or other mixer controls (such as assignable effect chains) and pan them as a group rather than panning each track individually. Note: When you route a track to a bus, stereo (two- channel) output is sent to the mixer control and the mixer control sends 5.1 (six-channel) output to the Surround Master bus. 1.Add a bus or assignable effect chain to the project. For more information, see Using the Mixer on page 143. 2.Route tracks to the bus or assignable effect chain. For more information, see Using the Mixer on page 143. 3.Click the Automation Settings button ( ) on the mixer control you want to pan and verify Show Automation Controls is not selected. 4.Double-click the surround panner on the mixer control to display the Surround Panner window. 5.Adjust the panning settings. For more information, see Using the Surround Panner window on page 180. 6.Close the Surround Panner window. Tip: You can also use the surround panner on the mixer control to pan your track. Double-click to display the Surround Panner window
180 WORKING WITH 5.1 SURROUNDCHP. 11 Using the Surround Panner window Whether you’re adjusting track panning or mixer control panning, you use the same controls in the Surround Panner window. View the Surround Panner window by double-clicking a surround panner on a track header or mixer control. Once the Surround Panner window is open, you can dock it in the workspace. For more information, see Window docking area and floating window docks on page 21. Tip: You can also choose Surround Panner from the View menu to display the Surround Panner window. Once the Surround Panner window is displayed, double-click the surround panner for a track or mixer control to view its pan settings. 1.Click the speaker icons to mute or include channels. Muting a channel ensures that no audio bleeds through a channel. For example, you might want to mute all but the center channel when you’re panning dialogue to the center channel. Tip: + click a speaker icon to solo the channel. 2.Drag the pan point to position the sound within the sound field. For more information, see Moving the pan point on page 181. 3.Click the center speaker icon to include the center channel and drag the Center fader to apply a gain to the center channel. Applying a gain to the center channel may make dialogue more present in the mix. Note: When automating panning using keyframes, you cannot automate the gain applied using the Center fader. For more information, see Automating panning on page 182. 4.Drag the Smoothness slider to adjust the smoothness of the interpolation path between panning keyframes. The smoothness setting appears only when you are automating panning using keyframes. For more information, see Adjusting the Smoothness slider on page 184. Pan point = Muted channel = Active (included) channel Toggle options for constraining Assign track/bus to LFE channel pan point movement Pan type indicator Ctrl
CHP. 11WORKING WITH 5.1 SURROUND 181 Moving the pan point A variety of methods are provided to help you position the pan point in the Surround Panner window. Choosing pan types When you pan a track or mixer control, you can choose among several pan types to determine how to pan the audio. The current pan type appears at the bottom of the Surround Panner window. Right-click the Surround Panner window and choose a pan type from the shortcut menu. The Add Channels pan type makes the audio appear to move as a unit among the surround channels. As you move the pan point toward a channel (speaker icon), more and more of the signal from the other channels are folded into the channel you are panning towards, until at the extreme, all channels are fed at full intensity into a single channel. This pan type uses a linear panning curve. The Balance pan type is most useful for adjusting the relative signal levels of the channels. In this pan type, as you move the pan point from the center to a channel, the signal in the channel you are panning towards starts at the base dB level (either 0 dB, -3 dB, or -6 dB) and increases to 0 dB. The signal in the channel you are panning away from starts at a base dB level (either 0 dB, -3 dB, or -6 dB) and decays to no signal level. For example, when you pan fully to the right, only the right channel is audible. This pan type uses a linear panning curve. The Constant Power pan type maintains a constant volume as you move the pan point from channel to channel. This pan type, which uses the constant-power panning curve, is most useful for panning monaural source media. The Film pan type allows you to pan between pairs of speakers using a constant-power panning curve. As you drag the pan point to the center speaker, the sound becomes diffused through the front and rear speakers. When the track is panned fully to the center speaker, there is no sound from the front and rear speakers. Method Description Click to toggle through three options for constraining pan point motion as you drag: Move Freely ( ), Move Left/Right Only ( ), and Move Front/ Back Only ( ). Double-click Double-clicking the pan point resets it to the center front of the surround panner. Double-clicking in the Surround Panner window moves the pan point to the double-click location. Ctrl+drag Makes fine adjustments. Shift+drag Constrain m.otion to a line through the center of the surround panner Alt+drag Constrains motion to a constant radius from the center of the surround panner. Shift+Alt+drag Constrains motion to the maximally inscribed circle (a constant radius at the greatest possible distance from the center of the surround panner). Arrow keys Moves front/back/left/right. Ctrl+Arrow keys Makes fine adjustments. Page Up/Page Down Moves front/back. Shift+Page Up/Page Down Moves left/right. Numeric keypad 1-9 Jumps to a corner, edge, or center of the surround panner. Ctrl+Numeric keypad 1,3,7, 9 Jumps to a location on the maximally inscribed circle (a constant radius at the greatest possible distance from the center of the surround panner). Mouse wheel Moves front/back. Shift+mouse wheel Moves left/right. Ctrl+mouse wheel Makes fine front/back adjustments. Ctrl+Shift+mouse wheel Makes fine left/right adjustments.
182 WORKING WITH 5.1 SURROUNDCHP. 11 Using the grid to monitor panning The grid in the Surround Panner window helps you to visualize how your panning will sound. The grids spacing changes to match the current pan type. The vertical lines represent the points where the left-to-right signal ratio is 6 dB, 0 dB, and -6 dB respectively: at the far-left line, the left channel is 6.0 dB louder than the right channel. The horizontal lines represent the points where the front-to-rear signal ratio is 6 dB, 0 dB, and -6 dB respectively. As you adjust the Center fader, the lines move forward or backward to compensate for the center-channel gain. Note: The grid assumes that youre using a correctly set-up surround system (matched speakers and ideal positioning). Variations in your monitoring system will cause inconsistencies between the graph and perceived output. Automating panning You can automate panning on a track or mixer control by adding keyframes. Keyframes are similar to envelope points in that they specify a settings state at a point in time. However, unlike envelope points, keyframes appear just below the track to which they apply. To add panning keyframes to a mixer control, you must first view the mixer control in track view. From the View menu, choose Show Bus Tracks to view the bus track at the bottom of the track view. For more information, see Viewing bus tracks on page 152. Turning on panning keyframes Before adding individual keyframes, you must first turn on the panning keyframes for the track or bus track. 1.Select the track or bus track for which you want to automate panning. 2.From the Insert menu, choose Audio Envelopes, and choose Surround Pan Keyframes from the submenu. An additional row appears below the track with a single keyframe positioned at the beginning of the project. This single keyframe represents the current panning settings for the track. Adding panning keyframes With panning keyframes turned on, you can add keyframes at any location along the track or bus track. 1.Position the cursor where you want to begin panning the track. 2.Click the Automation Settings button ( ) on the track you want to pan and select Show Automation Controls . 3.Double-click the surround panner to display the Surround Panner window. 4.Adjust the panning settings. For more information, see Using the Surround Panner window on page 180. Note: You cannot automate muting/including channels. Keyframe
CHP. 11WORKING WITH 5.1 SURROUND 183 5.Close the Surround Panner window. A keyframe with the pan settings you created appears below the track at the cursor position. Tip: You can also add keyframes by double-clicking the keyframe row or by right-clicking the row and choosing Add Point from the shortcut menu. Once you’ve added the keyframe, double-click it to adjust panning settings in the Surround Panner window. As you add keyframes to a track or bus track, the Surround Panner window shows the path of the panning keyframes. The Smoothness slider controls the smoothness of the interpolation path between the keyframes. For more information, see Adjusting the Smoothness slider on page 184. Working with keyframes After you add keyframes, you can work with them in much the same way as envelope points. For more information, see Composite level automation (video only) on page 124. Moving keyframes Drag a keyframe to a new position below its track. Duplicating keyframes Hold and drag a keyframe to a new position below its track. Editing keyframes 1. Double-click a keyframe to open the Surround Panner window. 2.Adjust the panning settings as desired and close the window. New keyframe The Surround Panner window shows the path of the panning keyframes. Ctrl
184 WORKING WITH 5.1 SURROUNDCHP. 11 Changing keyframe interpolation curves To control how the pan is interpolated between keyframes, right-click a keyframe and choose an interpolation curve type from the shortcut menu. Keyframe interpolation curves control how the pan occurs over time. The keyframe color changes according to the interpolation curve you have chosen. Adjusting the Smoothness slider The Smoothness slider controls the perceived motion of sound within the sound field among three or more keyframes. When you drag the Smoothness slider to 0, Vegas software interpolates the changes between keyframes along a linear path. As you increase the smoothness value, the path between keyframes grows more curved and smooth. 1.Double-click a keyframe. The Surround Panner window appears. 2.Drag the Smoothness slider to adjust the smoothness of the spatial interpolation path leading up to this keyframe. Locking keyframes to events If you want keyframes to move with an event when it is moved along the timeline, choose Lock Envelopes to Events from the Options menu. Keyframe Interpolation curve Description Hold No interpolation takes place. The keyframes settings are maintained until the next keyframe. Linear Panning is interpolated in a linear path. Fast Panning is interpolated in a fast logarithmic path. Slow Panning is interpolated in a slow logarithmic path. Smooth Panning is interpolated along a smooth, natural curve. Smoothness slider Three keyframes with smoothness=100......and the same three keyframes with smoothness=0.
CHP. 11WORKING WITH 5.1 SURROUND 185 Hiding keyframes 1. Select the track for which you want to hide keyframes. 2.From the View menu, choose Show Audio Envelopes, and choose Surround Pan Keyframes from the submenu. Deleting keyframes Right-click a keyframe and choose Delete from the shortcut menu. Rendering surround projects 5.1 surround projects are rendered to produce six monaural files (AIFF, WAV, W64, or PCA) or a single 5.1- channel file (AC-3, WMA, and WMV). You can then use an authoring application to create the final DVD-Video or 5.1-channel music project from the rendered files. Note: Before rendering your surround project, check your surround authoring application’s documentation to determine its required audio format with respect to the LFE channel. For more information, see Setting up surround projects on page 174. 1.From the File menu, choose Render As. The Render As dialog appears. 2.From the Save in drop-down list, choose the drive and folder where the file will be saved. 3.Enter a new name for the project in the File name box. 4.From the Save as type drop-down list, choose the desired file format. 5.Choose 44,100 Hz, 16 Bit, Mono, PCM (all busses) from the Te m p l a t e drop-down list if you want to render six monaural files, or choose an appropriate 5.1-channel template if the selected file type supports it. 6.If necessary, click Custom to customize the rendering settings. For more information, see Customizing the rendering process on page 275. 7.Select the Render loop region only check box if you want to save only the portion of the project that is contained within the loop region. Loop Playback does not need to be selected on the workspace for this option to work. 8.If the selected file type supports it, you can select the Save project markers with media file check box to include markers, regions, and command markers in the rendered media file. If the information cannot save in your media file, it will create an .sfl file (using the same base name as your media file).
186 WORKING WITH 5.1 SURROUNDCHP. 11 9.Click Save. Note: You can use an application such as the Sony Pictures Digital 5.1 Surround Plug-In Pack to encode 5.1-channel audio to AC-3 for use in DVD authoring. Creating a DVD with DVD Architect Software If you have DVD Architect™ software from Sony Pictures Digital, you can create menu-based DVDs, music compilations, picture compilations, or a single-movie DVD that will play back automatically in your DVD player. DVD Architect software includes support for many file types and can convert your media to the formats required for DVD as needed. However, for best performance (decreased disc preparation time and recompression), render your files in the appropriate format. MPEG-2 video files rendered with the DVD NTSC or DVD PAL templates will not need to be recompressed. Audio will not need to be recompressed if rendered as stereo or surround AC-3 files with a bitrate of less than 448 kbps or as stereo, 48-kHz, 16-bit, WAV (PCM) files. Note: AC-3 audio may not play back on some PAL DVD players. To ensure compatibility with PAL DVD players, use 48-kHz, 16-bit, WAV (PCM) files for audio. Rendering the surround project SampleProject.wav... ...results in six WAV files.
12 CHP. 12USING ADVANCED VIDEO FEATURES CHAPTER187 Using Advanced Video Features While simple to learn, Vegas® software is a powerful application with many advanced features. This chapter covers some of the advanced video features of this powerful tool. Cropping video With the Event/Pan Crop window, you can resize media in a video event or selectively crop media without resizing. The Stretch to fill frame drop-down list allows you to resize the media to fill the output frame (when Ye s is selected), or to crop out a portion of the media without resizing (when No is selected). When keyframes are added, you can use this window to create scrolling, panning, or zooming effects. For more information, see Using keyframe animation on page 237. Tip: If you apply plug-ins to a event with panning or cropping, you can choose whether to process the plug-ins before or after the panning or cropping. For more information, see Processing plug-ins on events with panning or cropping on page 211. 12
188 USING ADVANCED VIDEO FEATURESCHP. 12 Open the Event Pan/Crop window by clicking the Event Pan/Crop button ( ) on the event. Note: If any controls shown in the figure above are not visible, enlarge the Event Pan/Crop window by dragging the lower right corner until all controls are revealed. The Smoothness control and the keyframe controller are used when adding keyframe animation to create panning, zooming, or scrolling effects. For more information, see Animating event panning and cropping on page 241. Cropping Cropping is the process of removing the outside edges from an image or video, thereby re-framing the subject. In the following example, the Event Pan/Crop window on the left has been used to create a selection area around the subject, removing extraneous information from the outside of the video. This creates a zoom effect that is similar to zooming in with a camcorder. The Video Preview window on the right displays the event after cropping. Normal Edit Tool Zoom Edit Tool Enable Snapping Lock Aspect Ratio Size About Center Move Freely or Show Properties Keyframe controllerHandles Move in X or Y onlySelection areaRotation area Presets Smoothness Crop Area Preview output