Lucent Technologies DEFINITY Enterprise Communications Server Release 8.2 Administration For Network Connectivity Manual

							NEMA 
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NEMA
National Electrical Manufacturer’s Association.
NETCON
Network-control circuit pack.
Network
A collection of computer-like devices (nodes) that are connected by, and can 
communicate across, a common transmission medium.
Network Adapter
The interface between a node and the network; has a unique physical address.
Network Interface Card (NIC)
A circuit board that can be fitted to a personal computer (PC) to allow the PC to 
communicate with other machines on a network. MMCX works with Ethernet 
cards and with asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) cards running Ethernet 
emulation. Also called a network adapter.
NFAS
See Nonfacility-associated signaling (NFAS).
NIC
See Network Interface Card (NIC).
Node
1. A point on a network that provides an interface to a communications device.
2. A switch or adjunct in a Lucent DCS network.
Nonfacility-associated signaling (NFAS)
A method that allows multiple T1 and/or E1 facilities to share a single 
D-channel to form an ISDN-PRI. If D-channel backup is not used, one facility 
is configured with a D-channel, and the other facilities that share the D-channel 
are configured without D-channels. If D-channel backup is used, two facilities 
are configured to have D-channels (one D-channel on each facility), and the 
other facilities that share the D-channels are configured without D-channels.
NTSC
See National Television Standards Committee (NTSC) standard. 
						

							Open System Interconnect (OSI) Model   Glossary
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OOpen System Interconnect (OSI) Model
An International Standards Organization (ISO) interoperability specification. 
OSI defines standard services that compliant communications networks and 
equipment must provide, rather than specific implementations. It divides 
network operations into 7 steps, called layers, and arranges them hierarchically, 
in a protocol stack. The rules (protocols) in each layer of the stack specify a 
service that other parts of a communications system can always get, as long as 
they make their requests in a standard way. This approach leaves designers free 
to implement the internal details of the service in whatever way seems best to 
them. The OSI layers are 1 Physical (transmission medium), 2 Datalink 
(link-level signaling and error control), 3Network (computer-to-computer 
signaling, routing, etc.), 4 Transport (delivery, end-to-end error control, and 
flow control), 5 Session (dialog management), 6Presentation (data-format 
compatibility), and 7 Application (file-transfer services, virtual terminals, 
etc.).
OSI
See Open System Interconnect (OSI) Model.
out-of-service state (OOS)
The condition or state of an MMCX server that is operating but not ready to 
accept or place calls. 
PPACCON
Packet controller.
packet
A group of bits (including a message element, which is the data, and a control 
information element (IE), which is the header) used in packet switching and 
transmitted as a discrete unit. In each packet, the message element and control 
IE are arranged in a specified format.
packet bus
A wide-bandwidth bus that transmits packets.
packet switching
A data-transmission technique whereby user information is segmented and 
routed in discrete data envelopes called packets, each with its own appended 
control information, for routing, sequencing, and error checking. The packets 
can travel to their destinations by varying routes. For data transmissions, a 
packet switched network can make more efficient use of available bandwidth 
than a circuit-switched network, because it does not dedicate a channel for the 
duration of a call. Instead, packets are queued and sent on a standby basis, as 
channel capacity becomes available. The Internet is a good example of a 
packet-switching network. 
						

							PBX 
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PBX
Private Branch Exchange: a customer-owned telephone switch that connects a 
company’s internal telephone network with the local telephone service 
provider’s central office.   Lucent’s DEFINITY PBX is a good example.
PDM
See processor data module (PDM).
PGATE
Packet gateway.
Point-to-Point Protocol
A TCP/IP implementation tailored for use over telephone lines. It supports 
router-to-router and host-to-network connections over both synchronous and 
asynchronous circuits. PPP replaces SLIP, the older Serial Line Interface 
Protocol.
Port
(1) Interface between an application and the TCP/IP network. A port is a 
predefined internal address (port number) that serves as a pathway from the 
application to the Transport layer (or from T to A). (2) circuit-pack port.
PPP
See Point-to-Point Protocol.
PRI
Primary Rate Interface. See ISDN.
Primary Rate Interface
See ISDN.
private network
A network used exclusively for the telecommunications needs of a particular 
customer.
private network office code (RNX)
The first three digits of a 7-digit private network number.
processor data module (PDM)
A device that provides an RS-232C DCE interface for connecting to data 
terminals, applications processors (APs), and host computers, and provides a 
DCP interface for connection to a communications system. 
						

							protocol   Glossary
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protocol
A set of conventions or rules governing the format and timing of message 
exchanges to control data movement and correction of errors.
PSDN
Packet-switch public data network.
PSTN
See Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN).
PSN
Packet-switched network.
Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) 
The worldwide voice telephone system. 
QQPPCN
Quality Protection Plan Change Notice.
QSIG
A set of open standards for Enterprise Networking. QSIG is a protocol defining 
message exchanges (signalling) at the “Q” reference point between two PBXs.
RRBS
Robbed-bit signaling.
RFC
Request for comment.
restricted facilities
PRI spans that use ZCS line coding, the opposite of unrestricted facilities.
RNX
Route-number index (private network office code)
router
An interface between different networks. Routers support network 
management, including load balancing, route optimization, prioritizing of calls, 
and troubleshooting. They are thus more capable than bridges. 
						

							routing plan 
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routing plan
Routing plans direct outgoing voice-interworking and interserver calls to the 
first available PRI trunk group in a list. This arrangement lets you allow for 
trunk groups that are busy, out of service, or out of bandwidth. Each routing 
plan is identified by a routing-plan number in the range 1-32.
RPN
Routing-plan number.
RTP
Real-time protocol.
SSocket
An address formed by concatenating the IP address and the port number.
server 
1. Any system that maintains and administers files that are used by independent, 
client applications. 2. the MMCX server, the computer that sets up, maintains, 
and administers MMCX network communications. See dial-plan table.
server name
The name that identifies the MMCX server on your local area network. You 
enter the server name in the boot-time administration menu. See server number.
server number
The ISDN international number that uniquely identifies your MMCX server on 
the PBX and/or the public telephone network. See server name, interserver 
routing table. 
signaling
The control information that a network uses to set up and maintain connections. 
On-hook and off-hook are, for instance, the familiar voice-telephone signals 
that tell the central office that you have picked up the telephone handset or hung 
up at the end of a call. 
In-channel signalling reserves part of the available data -communication 
bandwidth for control information (see restricted facilities). Out-of-channel 
signalling schemes use a separate channel for signals, so that data transmissions 
can use all of the bandwidth available to them (see clear-channel facility).  
						

							Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)   Glossary
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Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
An International Standards Organization (ISO) protocol that sets standards for 
communications between network components and network management 
stations. SNMP handles network resources using the information contained in a 
management information base (MIB), a virtual database resident on the various 
parts of the network. SNMP supports security, configuration, performance, fault 
management, and accounting management. SNMP is part of the ISO Open 
System Interconnect (OSI) Model specification.
SMDR
Station Message Detail Recording. (Same as call detail recording — CDR).
SNMP 
Se e Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP).
SPE
Switch Processing Element
subnet
A network within a larger network. Subdividing a network into subnets 
improves the efficiency of routing and makes the best use of the limited number 
of addresses available with any given addressing scheme. Subnetworks are 
defined by using part of the host-machine portion of the IP (Internet Protocol) 
address as an additional layer of network information. Routers can then 
distinguish between a networking part that is significant for internet/intranet 
routing and a host-machine part, which is significant only within the local 
subnet.
subnet mask
A bit pattern that lets a network administrator define subnets using the 
host-machine portion of the IP (Internet Protocol) address. The subnet mask has 
binary ones in positions corresponding to the network and subnet parts of the 
address and zeros in the remaining, host-address positions. During IP-address 
resolution, zero fields in the mask hide corresponding host-address fields in the 
address, causing the router to ignore them. The router resolves only the 
networking part of the address, leaving the host part for the local subnet to 
resolve. This increases speed and makes multicasting more efficient. Subnet 
masks are usually written in the decimal notation used for IP addresses.
TT- 1
A 4-wire (2 twisted pair), digital communications link with a capacity of 1.544 
Mbps (1,544,000 bits per second). A T-1 provides 24 separate 64-Kbps 
channels. These can support up to 23 concurrent voice and data channels plus a 
separate channel for signalling and framing (synchronization). T-1 is the 
standard for data communications in North America and Japan. Also spelled 
T1. See E-1. 
						

							T-carrier 
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T- c a r r i e r
A hierarchy of digital voice- and data-transmission systems used in North 
America and based on multiples of the capacity of the T- 1 line.
tandem switch
A switch within an electronic tandem network (ETN) that provides the logic to 
determine the best route for a network call, possibly modifies the digits 
outpulsed, and allows or denies certain calls to certain users.
tandem-through
The switched connection of an incoming trunk to an outgoing trunk without 
human intervention.
tandem tie-trunk network (TTTN)
A private network that interconnects several customer switching systems.
TCP
Transmission Control Protocol — Transport layer; Connection oriented, 
reliable.
TCP/IP
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. A standard that lets different 
computer hardware and different operating systems (such as PCs, Apple 
computers, UNIX workstations, and mainframes) communicate with each other 
over a network. TCP/IP is the most complete, most widely accepted network 
protocol currently available. 
TDM
See time-division multiplexing.
tie trunk
A telecommunications c hannel that d irectly c onnec ts two p rivate switc hing 
systems.
time-division multiplexing
A way of interleaving digitized voice, video, and/or data so that several calls 
can be sent concurrently over the same spread of frequencies. TDM systems 
distribute the available bandwidth across a series of time slots and divide each 
input stream into a set of samples. They then assign successive time slots to the 
first sample in each input stream. They repeat the process until all time slots 
have been assigned or all inputs sent. At the far end, the receiver demultiplexes 
the transmission and reconstructs the original sequence of samples. 
Time-division multiplexing is typically used on circuit-switched networks. 
						

							time slot   Glossary
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time slot
64 kbps of digital information structured as eight bits every 125 microseconds. 
In the switch, a time slot refers to either a DS0 on a T1 or E1 facility or a 
64-kbps unit on the TDM bus or fiber connection between port networks.
trunk
A communication line linking two switches (public-network, PBX, or 
MMCX-server).
trunk group
A collection of trunks that all terminate at the same public switch, PBX, or 
MMCX server.
UUDP
1. User Datagram Protocol — Transport layer; Connectionless, unreliable, fast.
2. Uniform Dial Plan.
UNP
Uniform numbering plan
unrestricted data
Data that has to travel over an unrestricted facilities, because it can be corrupted 
by Zero Code Suppression (ZCS) line coding. Digital data is unrestricted data.
unrestricted facilities
PRI spans that use non-ZCS line coding, such as B8ZS or HDB3, end-to-end. 
See Zero Code Suppression (ZCS).
VVCI
The AT M virtual channel identifier. ATM is a connection-oriented service that 
sets up a virtual circuit between the transmitter and the receiver. The two 
endpoints negotiate an agreed route through the network before sending any 
data. VCI and VPI together constitute the virtual circuit number that identifies 
this route.
virtual channel identifier
See VCI. 
						

							virtual circuit (virtual connection) 
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virtual circuit (virtual connection)
The pre-arranged route through the AT M network that all cells in an ATM 
transmission follow.
virtual circuit number
The route identifier contained in an AT M cell header. A VCI and a VPI together 
constitute the virtual circuit number.
virtual path identifier
See VPI.
VPI
The AT M virtual path identifier. ATM is a connection-oriented service that sets 
up a virtual circuit between the transmitter and the receiver. The two endpoints 
negotiate an agreed route through the network before sending any data. VCI 
and VPI together constitute the virtual circuit number that identifies this route. 
The VPI is analogous in some ways to an ISDN trunk group. 
WWA N
See wide area network.
well-known address
The default network address for a given type of network component, as 
specified by a communications protocol or standards body. For example, the 
ATM Forum defines well-known addresses for LAN-emulation servers and 
LAN-emulation configuration servers. 
well-known port
port numbers that are assigned to specific applications by IANA. For example, 
21 for FTP, 23 for Telnet, 110 for pop3.
wide area network
A data network that connects local area networks (LANs) using 
common-carrier telephone lines, bridges, and routers. 
wideband
A circuit-switched call at a data rate greater than 64 kbps. A circuit-switched 
call on a single T1 or E1 facility with a bandwidth between 128 and 1536 (T1) 
or 1984 (E1) kbps in multiples of 64 kbps. H0, H11, H12, and N x DS0 calls are 
wideband. 
						

							ZCS   Glossary
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ZZCS
See Zero Code Suppression (ZCS).
Zero Code Suppression (ZCS)
ZCS line coding substitutes a 1 for the second least-significant bit of every 
all-zero byte in AMI-encoded data (see line coding). ZCS encoding has no 
effect on voice communications, but
 it corrupts digital data (see restricted 
facilities). In MMCX communications, ZCS corrupts the ISDN D-channel.