GE Pqm 2 Manual

							CHAPTER 5: SETPOINTS
PQMII POWER QUALITY METER  – INSTRUCTION MANUAL5–35
•DETECT I/V ALARMS USING PERCENTAGE: When “Yes” is selected, all current and 
voltage alarms can be set in percentages of CT and VT. When “No” is selected, all 
current and voltage alarms are actual voltage and current levels.
•PHASE UNDERCURRENT RELAY: Undercurrent can be disabled, used as an alarm, or 
as a process control feature. Set this setpoint to “Off ” if the feature is not required. 
Selecting “Alarm” activates the alarm relay and displays an alarm message whenever 
an undercurrent condition exists. Selecting an auxiliary relay activates the selected 
auxiliary relay for an undercurrent condition but no message will be displayed. This is 
intended for process control.
•PHASE UNDERCURRENT LEVEL: When the average three phase current drops to or 
below the level set by this setpoint , a phase undercurrent condition will occur. Refer to 
the 
DETECT UNDERCURRENT WHEN 0A setpoint description below to enable/disable 
undercurrent detection below 5% of CT.
•PHASE UNDERCURRENT DELAY: If the average phase current is less than or equal to 
the 
PHASE UNDERCURRENT LEVEL setpoint value for the time delay programmed in this 
setpoint , a phase undercurrent condition will occur.
MESSAGEDETECT UNDERVOLTAGE
BELOW 20V: NORange: No, Yes
MESSAGEOVERVOLTAGE
RELAY: OFFRange: Alarm, Aux1, Aux2, Aux3, Off
MESSAGEOVERVOLTAGE
LEVEL ≥ 100 VRange: 20 to 65000 V in steps of 1, or
20 to 150% of VT in steps of 1, 
set by the 
DETECT I/V ALARMS 
USING PERCENTAGE
 value.
MESSAGEOVERVOLTAGE
DELAY: 10.0 sRange: 0.5 to 600.0 s in steps of 0.5
MESSAGEPHASES REQ’D FOR O/V
OPERATION: ANY ONERange: Any One, Any Two, All Three. 
Not seen when 
VT WIRING is set 
to “Single Phase Direct”
MESSAGECURRENT UNBALANCE
RELAY: OFFRange: Alarm, Aux1, Aux2, Aux3, Off
MESSAGECURRENT UNBALANCE
LEVEL ≥ 100%Range: 1 to 100% in steps of 1
MESSAGECURRENT UNBALANCE
DELAY: 10.0 sRange: 0.5 to 600.0 s in steps of 0.5
MESSAGEVOLTAGE UNBALANCE
RELAY: OFFRange: Alarm, Aux1, Aux2, Aux3, Off
MESSAGEVOLTAGE UNBALANCE
LEVEL ≥ 100%Range: 1 to 100% in steps of 1
MESSAGEVOLTAGE UNBALANCE
DELAY: 10.0 sRange: 0.5 to 600.0 s in steps of 0.5
MESSAGEVOLTS PHASE REVERSAL
RELAY: OFFRange: Alarm, Aux1, Aux2, Aux3, Off
MESSAGEVOLTS PHASE REVERSAL
DELAY: 1.0 sRange: 0.5 to 600.0 s in steps of 0.5 
						

							5–36PQMII POWER QUALITY METER  – INSTRUCTION MANUAL
CHAPTER 5: SETPOINTS
•DETECT UNDERCURRENT WHEN 0A: If this setpoint is set to “Yes”, undercurrent will be 
detected if the average phase current drops below 5% of CT. If the setting is “No”, the 
undercurrent detection is only enabled if the average phase current is equal to or 
above 5% of CT.
•PHASE OVERCURRENT RELAY: Overcurrent can either be disabled, used as an alarm 
or as a process control. Set this setpoint to “Off ” if the feature is not required. Selecting 
“Alarm” activates the alarm relay and displays an alarm message whenever an 
overcurrent condition exists. Selecting an auxiliary relay activates the auxiliary relay 
for an overcurrent condition but no message will be displayed. This is intended for 
process control.
•PHASE OVERCURRENT LEVEL: When the average (or maximum, see below) three 
phase current equals or exceeds the level set by this setpoint , a phase overcurrent 
condition will occur.
•PHASE OVERCURRENT DELAY: If the average (or maximum, see below) phase current 
equals or exceeds the 
PHASE OVERCURRENT LEVEL setpoint value and remains this way for 
the time delay programmed in this setpoint , a phase overcurrent condition will occur.
•PHASE OVERCURRENT ACTIVATION: The Phase Overcurrent function can use either 
the average phase current or the maximum of the three phase currents. This setpoint 
determines which is used.
•NEUTRAL OVERCURRENT RELAY: Neutral overcurrent can be disabled, used as an 
alarm, or used as a process control. Set this setpoint to “Off ” if the feature is not 
required. Selecting “Alarm” activates the alarm relay and displays an alarm message 
whenever a neutral overcurrent condition exists. Selecting an auxiliary relay activates 
the auxiliary relay for a neutral overcurrent condition but no message will be 
displayed. This is intended for process control.
•NEUTRAL OVERCURRENT LEVEL: When the neutral current equals or exceeds the level 
set by this setpoint , a neutral overcurrent condition will occur.
•NEUTRAL OVERCURRENT DELAY: If the neutral current greater than or equal to the 
NEUTRAL OVERCURRENT LEVEL setpoint value for the time delay programmed in this 
setpoint , a neutral overcurrent condition will occur.
•UNDERVOLTAGE RELAY: Undervoltage can either be disabled, used as an alarm, or as 
a process control. Set this setpoint to “Off ” if the feature is not required. Selecting 
“Alarm” activates the alarm relay and displays an alarm message whenever an 
undervoltage condition exists. Selecting an auxiliary relay activates the auxiliary relay 
for an undervoltage condition but no message will be displayed. This is intended for 
process control.
•UNDERVOLTAGE LEVEL: When the voltage on one, two, or three phases drops to or 
below this level, an undervoltage condition occurs. The required number of phases is 
determined by the 
PHASES REQUIRED FOR U/V OPERATION setpoint . To clear the 
undervoltage condition, the level must increase to 103% of the 
UNDERVOLTAGE LEVEL 
setting. For example, if the 
UNDERVOLTAGE LEVEL is “4000 V”, the condition clears when 
the voltage in the appropriate phase(s) increases above 4120 V (4000 
× 1.03). This 
hysteresis is implemented to avoid nuisance alarms due to voltage fluctuations.
•UNDERVOLTAGE DELAY: If the voltage drops to or below the 
UNDERVOLTAGE LEVEL 
setpoint value and remains this way for the time delay programmed in this setpoint , 
an undervoltage condition will occur. 
						

							CHAPTER 5: SETPOINTS
PQMII POWER QUALITY METER  – INSTRUCTION MANUAL5–37
•PHASES REQ’D FOR U/V OPERATION: Select the minimum number of phases on which 
the undervoltage condition must be detected before the selected output relay will 
operate. This setpoint is not visible if 
VT WIRING is set to “Single Phase Direct”.
•DETECT UNDERVOLTAGE BELOW 20V: If an indication is required for loss of voltage, 
select “Yes”. If “No” is selected and any one of the voltage inputs has less than 20 V 
applied, the undervoltage feature will be disabled.
•OVERVOLTAGE RELAY: Overvoltage can either be disabled, used as an alarm, or as a 
process control. Set this setpoint to “Off” if the feature is not required. Selecting 
“Alarm” activates the alarm relay and displays an alarm message whenever an 
overvoltage condition exists. Selecting an auxiliary relay activates the auxiliary relay 
for an overvoltage condition but no message will be displayed. This is intended for 
process control.
•OVERVOLTAGE LEVEL: When the voltage on one, two, or three phases equals or 
exceeds the level determined with this setpoint , an overvoltage condition occurs. The 
required number of phases is determined by the 
PHASES REQUIRED FOR O/V OPERATION 
setpoint . To clear the overvoltage condition, the level must decrease to 97% of the 
OVERVOLTAGE LEVEL setting. For example, if the OVERVOLTAGE LEVEL is set to “4200 V”, the 
condition clears when the voltage in the appropriate phase(s) goes below 4074 V 
(4200 × 0.97). This hysteresis is implemented to avoid nuisance alarms due to voltage 
fluctuations.
•OVERVOLTAGE DELAY: If the voltage equals or exceeds the 
OVERVOLTAGE LEVEL setpoint 
value for the time delay programmed in this setpoint , an overvoltage condition will 
occur.
•PHASES REQ’D FOR O/V OPERATION: Select the minimum number of phases on which 
the overvoltage condition must be detected before the selected output relay operates. 
This setpoint is not visible if 
VT WIRING is set to “Single Phase Direct”.
•CURRENT UNBALANCE RELAY: Current unbalance is calculated as the maximum 
deviation from the average divided by the average three phase current . Current 
unbalance can either be disabled, used as an alarm, or as a process control. Set this 
setpoint to “Off ” if the feature is not required. Selecting “Alarm” activates the alarm 
relay and displays an alarm message whenever a current unbalance condition exists. 
Selecting an auxiliary relay activates the auxiliary relay for a current unbalance 
condition but no message will be displayed. This is intended for process control.
•CURRENT UNBALANCE LEVEL: When the current unbalance equals or exceeds this 
level, a current unbalance condition will occur. See 6.2.1 Current Metering for details on 
the method of calculation.
•CURRENT UNBALANCE DELAY: If the current unbalance equals or exceeds the 
CURRENT UNBALANCE LEVEL value for the time delay programmed in this setpoint , a 
current unbalance condition occurs.
•VOLTAGE UNBALANCE RELAY: Voltage unbalance is calculated as the maximum 
deviation from the average divided by the average three phase voltage. Voltage 
unbalance can either be disabled, used as an alarm, or as a process control. Set this 
setpoint to “Off ” if the feature is not required. Selecting “Alarm” activates the alarm 
relay and displays an alarm message whenever a voltage unbalance condition exists. 
Selecting an auxiliary relay activates the auxiliary relay for a voltage unbalance 
condition but no message will be displayed. This is intended for process control. 
						

							5–38PQMII POWER QUALITY METER  – INSTRUCTION MANUAL
CHAPTER 5: SETPOINTS
•VOLTAGE UNBALANCE LEVEL: When the voltage unbalance equals or exceeds this 
level, a voltage unbalance condition occurs. See 6.2.2 Voltage Metering for details on 
the method of calculation.
•VOLTAGE UNBALANCE DELAY: If the voltage unbalance equals or exceeds the 
VOLTAGE 
UNBALANCE LEVEL
 setpoint value and remains this way for the time delay programmed in 
this setpoint , a voltage unbalance condition will occur.
•VOLTAGE PHASE REVERSAL: Under normal operating conditions, the PQMII expects to 
see the voltages connected with a 1-2-3 or A-B-C sequence. If the voltages are 
connected with the wrong sequence (e.g. 2-1-3 or B-A-C), a voltage phase reversal 
condition will occur. A minimum of 20 V must be applied to the PQMII on all voltage 
inputs before the phase reversal feature will operate.
A phase reversal condition is determined by looking at the phase angle at the 
occurrence of the peak sample of phase B voltage and subtracting it from the phase 
angle at the peak sample of phase A voltage (phase A angle – phase B angle). This 
angle is averaged over several cycles before deciding on the condition to avoid any 
false triggering of the feature. Only two phases are required to detect phase reversal 
because all phase reversal conditions can be covered without the use of the third 
phase. The angle to detect phase reversal will vary depending on the connection 
being used as described below.
For “4-Wire Wye / 3 VTs”, “4 Wire Wye / 2 VTs”, “4 Wire Direct”, and “3 Wire Direct” 
connections, the phase reversal function operates when the angle between phase A and B 
becomes ≤ –150° or ≥ –90° as shown below.
FIGURE 5–3: Phase Reversal for 4-wire and 3-wire Direct Connections
For the “3 Wire Delta / 2 VTs” connection, the phase reversal function operates when the 
angle between phase A and B is ≤30° or ≥90° as shown below.
FIGURE 5–4: Phase Reversal for 3-wire Delta (2 VTs Open-Delta) Wiring
Vb(corn)+30°
Va(born)=0°(reference)
Vc(aorn)=–240°
Vb(corn)–30°
Vb(corn)=–120°shaded area = angle tolerance allowed
before phase reversal willoccur
Vcb –30°
Vab=0°(reference)
Vcb +30°
Vcb=60°
Vbc=–120°shaded area = angle tolerance
allowed before phase reversal
willoccur 
						

							CHAPTER 5: SETPOINTS
PQMII POWER QUALITY METER  – INSTRUCTION MANUAL5–39
When the “Single Phase Direct” connection is used the phase reversal feature will never 
operate.
•VOLTAGE PHASE REVERSAL DELAY: If a voltage phase reversal exists for the time 
programmed in this setpoint a voltage phase reversal condition will occur.
NotePlease note that the terms undervoltage and overvoltage used for alarm, are generic 
regardless of sag/swell or undervotlage/overvoltage conditions based on duration of the 
voltage disturbance 
5.5.2 Harmonic Distortion
PATH: SETPOINTS  S4 ALARMS/CONTROL  TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION
•AVERAGE CURRENT THD RELAY: Excessive phase current THD detection can either be 
disabled, used as an alarm, or as a process control. Set this setpoint to “Off ” if the 
feature is not required. Selecting “Alarm” activates the alarm relay and displays an 
alarm message whenever an excessive average current THD condition exists. 
Selecting an auxiliary relay activates the auxiliary relay, but no message will be 
displayed. This is intended for process control.
•AVERAGE CURRENT THD LEVEL: When the measured average current THD exceeds 
this setpoint value, an average current THD condition occurs. 
•AVERAGE CURRENT THD DELAY: If the average current THD exceeds the 
AVERAGE 
CURRENT THD LEVEL
 for the time delay programmed in this setpoint , an average current 
THD condition occurs.
•AVERAGE VOLTAGE THD RELAY: Average voltage THD detection can either be 
disabled, used as an alarm or as a process control. Set this setpoint to off if the feature 
is not required. Selecting alarm relay will cause the alarm relay to activate and display 
an alarm message whenever an average voltage THD condition exists. Selecting 
auxiliary relay will cause the auxiliary relay to activate, but no message will be 
displayed. This is intended for process control. 
•AVERAGE VOLTAGE THD LEVEL: When the measured average voltage THD equals or 
exceeds this setpoint value, an Average Voltage THD condition occurs. 
 TOTAL HARMONIC []
DISTORTIONAVERAGE CURRENT THD
RELAY: OFFRange: Alarm, Aux1, Aux2, Aux3, Off
MESSAGEAVERAGE CURRENT THD
LEVEL ≥ 10.0 %Range: 0.5 to 100.0% in steps of 0.5
MESSAGEAVERAGE CURRENT THD
DELAY: 10.0 sRange: 0.5 to 600.0 s in steps of 0.5
MESSAGEAVERAGE VOLTAGE THD
RELAY: OFFRange: Alarm, Aux1, Aux2, Aux3, Off
MESSAGEAVERAGE VOLTAGE THD
LEVEL ≥ 10.0 %Range: 0.5 to 100.0% in steps of 0.5
MESSAGEAVERAGE VOLTAGE THD
DELAY: 10.0 sRange: 0.5 to 600.0 s in steps of 0.5 
						

							5–40PQMII POWER QUALITY METER  – INSTRUCTION MANUAL
CHAPTER 5: SETPOINTS
•AVERAGE VOLTAGE THD DELAY: If the average voltage THD equals or exceeds the 
AVERAGE VOLTAGE THD LEVEL value and remains this way for the time delay programmed 
in this setpoint , an Average Voltage THD condition will occur.
5.5.3 Frequency
PATH: SETPOINTS  S4 ALARMS/CONTROL  FREQUENCY
•UNDERFREQUENCY RELAY: Underfrequency detection can either be disabled or used 
as an alarm, or process control. Set this setpoint to “Off ” if the feature is not required. 
Selecting alarm relay will cause the alarm relay to activate and display an alarm 
message whenever an underfrequency condition exists. Selecting an auxiliary relay 
activates the auxiliary relay for an underfrequency condition, but no message will be 
displayed. This is intended for process control.
•UNDERFREQUENCY LEVEL: When the measured frequency drops to or below the level 
set by this setpoint , an underfrequency condition will occur.
•UNDERFREQUENCY DELAY: If the underfrequency drops to or below the 
UNDERFREQUENCY LEVEL value for the time delay programmed in this setpoint , an 
underfrequency condition will occur.
•UNDERFREQUENCY WHEN FREQ=0 Hz: A voltage greater than 20 V is required on 
phase AN (AB) voltage input before frequency can be measured. If no voltage is 
applied or if the voltage applied is less than 20 V, the displayed frequency will be 0 Hz. 
If “No” is selected in this setpoint , an underfrequency condition will not occur when 
the displayed frequency is 0 Hz.
•OVERFREQUENCY RELAY: Overfrequency detection can either be disabled, used as an 
alarm or as a process control. Set this setpoint to off if the feature is not required. 
Selecting alarm relay will cause the alarm relay to activate and display an alarm 
message whenever an overfrequency condition exists. Selecting auxiliary relay will 
cause the auxiliary relay to activate for an overfrequency condition, but no message 
will be displayed. This is intended for process control.
•OVERFREQUENCY LEVEL: When the measured frequency equals or exceeds the level 
set by this setpoint , an overfrequency condition will occur.
 FREQUENCY [] UNDERFREQUENCY
RELAY: OFFRange: Alarm, Aux1, Aux2, Aux3, Off
MESSAGEUNDERFREQUENCY
LEVEL ≤ 40.00 HzRange: 20.00 to 70.00 Hz in steps of 
0.01
MESSAGEUNDERFREQUENCY
DELAY: 1.0 sRange: 0.1 to 10.0 s in steps of 0.1
MESSAGEUNDERFREQUENCY WHEN
FREQUENCY=0 Hz: NORange: Yes, No
MESSAGEOVERFREQUENCY
RELAY: OFFRange: Alarm, Aux1, Aux2, Aux3, Off
MESSAGEOVERFREQUENCY
LEVEL ≥ 70.00 HzRange: 20.00 to 125.00 Hz in steps of 
0.01
MESSAGEOVERFREQUENCY
DELAY: 1.0 sRange: 0.1 to 10.0 s in steps of 0.1 
						

							CHAPTER 5: SETPOINTS
PQMII POWER QUALITY METER  – INSTRUCTION MANUAL5–41
•OVERFREQUENCY DELAY: If the overfrequency equals or exceeds the OVERFREQUENCY 
LEVEL
 setpoint value for the time delay programmed in this setpoint , an overfrequency 
condition will occur.
5.5.4 Power Alarms
PATH: SETPOINTS  S4 ALARMS/CONTROL  POWER
•POWER ALARMS LEVEL BASE UNIT(S): This setpoint is used to select the base unit 
multiplier for all power alarms. When set to kW/kvar, all power alarm levels can be set 
in terms of kW and kvar with a step value of 1 kW/kvar. When set to MW/Mvar, all 
power alarm levels can be set in terms of MW and Mvar with a step value of 0.01 MW/
Mvar.
•POSITIVE/NEGATIVE REAL POWER RELAY: The positive and negative real power level 
detection can be disabled, used as an alarm, or used as a process control. The “Off ” 
setting disables this feature. Selecting “Alarm” activates the alarm relay and displays 
an alarm message whenever a positive/negative real power level exceeds the 
selected level. Selecting an auxiliary relay activates the auxiliary relay for a set level of 
 POWER [] POWER ALARMS LEVEL
BASE UNIT(s): kW/kvarRange: kW/kvar, MW, Mvar
MESSAGEPOSITIVE REAL POWER
RELAY: OFFRange: Alarm, Aux1, Aux2, Aux3, Off
MESSAGEPOSITIVE REAL POWER
LEVEL ≥ 1000 kWRange: 1 to 65000 kW in steps of 1, or
0.01 to 650.00 MW in steps of 
0.01
MESSAGEPOSITIVE REAL POWER
DELAY: 10.0 sRange: 0.5 to 600.0 s in steps of 0.5
MESSAGENEGATIVE REAL POWER
RELAY: OFFRange: Alarm, Aux1, Aux2, Aux3, Off
MESSAGENEGATIVE REAL POWER
LEVEL ≥ 1000 kWRange: 1 to 65000 kW in steps of 1, or
0.01 to 650.00 MW in steps of 
0.01
MESSAGENEGATIVE REAL POWER
DELAY: 10.0 sRange: 0.5 to 600.0 s in steps of 0.5
MESSAGEPOSITIVE REACT POWER
RELAY: OFFRange: Alarm, Aux1, Aux2, Aux3, Off
MESSAGEPOSITIVE REACT POWER
LEVEL ≥ 1000 kvarRange: 1 to 65000 kvar in steps of 1, or 
0.01 to 650.00 Mvar in steps of 
0.01
MESSAGEPOSITIVE REACT POWER
DELAY: 10.0 sRange: 0.5 to 600.0 s in steps of 0.5
MESSAGENEGATIVE REACT POWER
RELAY: OFFRange: Alarm, Aux1, Aux2, Aux3, Off
MESSAGENEGATIVE REACT POWER
LEVEL ≥ 1000 kvarRange: 1 to 65000 kvar in steps of 1, or 
0.01 to 650.00 Mvar in steps of 
0.01
MESSAGENEGATIVE REACT POWER
DELAY: 10.0 sRange: 0.5 to 600.0 s in steps of 0.5 
						

							5–42PQMII POWER QUALITY METER  – INSTRUCTION MANUAL
CHAPTER 5: SETPOINTS
positive/negative real power but no message will be displayed. This is intended for 
process control.
•POSITIVE/NEGATIVE REAL POWER LEVEL: When the three phase real power equals or 
exceeds the level def ined by this setpoint, an excess positive/negative real power 
condition will occur.
•POSITIVE/NEGATIVE REAL POWER DELAY: If the positive/negative real power equals 
or exceeds the 
POSITIVE/NEGATIVE REAL POWER LEVEL setpoint value for the time delay 
programmed in this setpoint , an excessive positive/negative real power condition will 
occur.
•POSITIVE/NEGATIVE REACTIVE POWER RELAY: Positive and negative reactive power 
level detection can either be disabled, used as an alarm, or as a process control. Set 
this setpoint to “Off ” if the feature is not required. Selecting “Alarm” activates the alarm 
relay and displays an alarm message whenever a positive/negative reactive power 
level exceeds the selected level. Selecting an auxiliary relay activates the auxiliary 
relay for a set level of positive/negative reactive power but no message will be 
displayed. This is intended for process control.
•POSITIVE/NEGATIVE REACTIVE POWER LEVEL: When the three phase reactive power 
equals or exceeds the level set by this setpoint , an excess positive/negative reactive 
power condition will occur. 
•POSITIVE/NEGATIVE REACTIVE POWER DELAY: If the positive reactive power equals or 
exceeds the 
POSITIVE/NEGATIVE REACTIVE POWER LEVEL setpoint value for the time delay 
programmed in this setpoint , an excessive positive reactive power condition will occur. 
						

							CHAPTER 5: SETPOINTS
PQMII POWER QUALITY METER  – INSTRUCTION MANUAL5–43
5.5.5 Power Factor
PATH: SETPOINTS  S4 ALARMS/CONTROL  POWER FACTOR
It is generally desirable for a system operator to maintain the power factor as close to 
unity as possible (that is, to make the real power of the system as close as possible to the 
apparent power) to minimize both costs and voltage excursions. On dedicated circuits 
such as some large motors, with a near-f ixed load, a capacitor bank may be switched on 
or off with the motor to supply leading vars to compensate for the lagging vars required by 
the motor. Since the power factor is variable on common non-dedicated circuits, it is 
 POWER FACTOR [] POWER FACTOR LEAD 1
RELAY: OFFRange: Alarm, Aux1, Aux2, Aux3, Off
MESSAGEPOWER FACTOR LEAD 1
PICKUP ≤ 0.99Range: 0.50 to 1.00 in steps of 0.01
MESSAGEPOWER FACTOR LEAD 1
DROPOUT ≥ 1.00Range: 0.50 to 1.00 in steps of 0.01
MESSAGEPOWER FACTOR LEAD 1
DELAY: 10.0 sRange: 0.5 to 600.0 s in steps of 0.5
MESSAGEPOWER FACTOR LAG 1
RELAY: OffRange: Alarm, Aux1, Aux2, Aux3, Off
MESSAGEPOWER FACTOR LAG 1
PICKUP ≤ 0.99Range: 0.50 to 1.00 in steps of 0.01
MESSAGEPOWER FACTOR LAG 1
DROPOUT ≥ 1.00Range: 0.50 to 1.00 in steps of 0.01
MESSAGEPOWER FACTOR LAG 1
DELAY: 10.0 sRange: 0.5 to 600.0 s in steps of 0.5
MESSAGEPOWER FACTOR LEAD 2
RELAY: OFFRange: Alarm, Aux1, Aux2, Aux3, Off
MESSAGEPOWER FACTOR LEAD 2
PICKUP ≤ 0.99Range: 0.50 to 1.00 in steps of 0.01
MESSAGEPOWER FACTOR LEAD 2
DROPOUT ≥ 1.00Range: 0.50 to 1.00 in steps of 0.01
MESSAGEPOWER FACTOR LEAD 2
DELAY: 10.0 sRange: 0.5 to 600.0 s in steps of 0.5
MESSAGEPOWER FACTOR LAG 2
RELAY: OFFRange: Alarm, Aux1, Aux2, Aux3, Off
MESSAGEPOWER FACTOR LAG 2
PICKUP ≤ 0.99Range: 0.50 to 1.00 in steps of 0.01
MESSAGEPOWER FACTOR LAG 2
DROPOUT ≥ 1.00Range: 0.50 to 1.00 in steps of 0.01
MESSAGEPOWER FACTOR LAG 2
DELAY: 10.0 sRange: 0.5 to 600.0 s in steps of 0.5 
						

							5–44PQMII POWER QUALITY METER  – INSTRUCTION MANUAL
CHAPTER 5: SETPOINTS
advantageous to compensate for low (lagging) power factor values by connecting a 
capacitor bank to the circuit when required. The PQMII provides power factor monitoring 
and allows two stages of capacitance switching for power factor compensation.
FIGURE 5–5: Capacitor Bank Switching
The PQMII calculates the average power factor in the three phases, according to the 
following equation:
(EQ 5.2)
Two independent ‘elements’ are available for monitoring power factor, Power Factor 1 and 
Power Factor 2, each having a pickup and a dropout level. For each element , when the 
measured power factor is equal to or becomes more lagging than the pickup level (i.e. 
numerically less than), the PQMII will operate a user-selected output relay. This output can 
be used to control a switching device which connects capacitance to the circuit , or to 
signal an alarm to the system operator. After entering this state, when the power factor 
becomes less lagging than the power factor dropout level, the PQMII will reset the output 
relay to the non-operated state.
Both Power Factor 1 and 2 features are inhibited from operating unless all three voltages 
are above 20% of nominal and one or more currents is above 0. Power factor 1 and 2 delay 
timers will be allowed to time only when the 20% threshold is exceeded on all phases (and, 
of course, only while the power factor remains outside of the programmed pickup and 
dropout levels). In the same way, when a power factor condition starts the power factor 1 
or 2 delay timer, if all three phase voltages fall below the 20% threshold before the timer 
has timed-out , the element will reset without operating. A loss of voltage during any state 
will return both Power Factor 1 and 2 to the reset state.
•POWER FACTOR LEAD 1(2) RELAY: Power factor detection can either be disabled, used 
as an alarm or as a process control. Set this setpoint to “Off ” if the feature is not 
required. Selecting “Alarm” activates the alarm relay and displays an alarm message 
when the power factor is more leading than the level set . Selecting “Aux1”, “Aux2”, or 
“Aux3” activates the respective auxiliary relay when the power factor is equal to or 
more leading than the level set , but no message will be displayed. This is intended for 
Average Power FactorTotal 3-phase Real Power
Total 3-phase Apparent Power ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- =