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Ford F 250 Instruction Manual

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    							2. Poor fuel quality or water in the
    fuel —the engine may misfire or run
    poorly.
    3. The fuel fill inlet may not have closed properly.  See Refueling (page 192).
    4. Driving through deep water —the
    electrical system may be wet.
    You can correct these temporary
    malfunctions by filling the fuel tank with
    good quality fuel, properly closing the fuel
    fill inlet or letting the electrical system dry
    out. After three driving cycles without these
    or any other temporary malfunctions
    present, the service engine soon indicator
    should stay off the next time you start the
    engine. A driving cycle consists of a cold
    engine startup followed by mixed city and
    highway driving. No additional vehicle
    service is required.
    If the service engine soon indicator remains
    on, have your vehicle serviced at the first
    available opportunity. Although some
    malfunctions detected by the OBD-II may
    not have symptoms that are apparent,
    continued driving with the service engine
    soon indicator on can result in increased
    emissions, lower fuel economy, reduced
    engine and transmission smoothness and
    lead to more costly repairs.
    Readiness for Inspection and
    Maintenance (I/M) Testing
    Some state and provincial and local
    governments may have
    Inspection/Maintenance (I/M) programs
    to inspect the emission control equipment
    on your vehicle. Failure to pass this
    inspection could prevent you from getting
    a vehicle registration. If the service engine soon
    indicator is on or the bulb does
    not work, your vehicle may need
    service. See On-Board Diagnostics. Your vehicle may not pass the I/M test if
    the service engine soon indicator is on or
    not working properly (bulb is burned out),
    or if the OBD-II system has determined
    that some of the emission control systems
    have not been properly checked. In this
    case, the vehicle is not ready for I/M
    testing.
    If the vehicle
    ’s engine or transmission has
    just been serviced, or the battery has
    recently run down or been replaced, the
    OBD-II system may indicate that the
    vehicle is not ready for I/M testing. To
    determine if the vehicle is ready for I/M
    testing, turn the ignition key to the on
    position for 15 seconds without cranking
    the engine. If the service engine soon
    indicator blinks eight times, it means that
    the vehicle is not ready for I/M testing; if
    the service engine soon indicator stays on
    solid, it means that your vehicle is ready
    for I/M testing.
    The OBD-II system checks the emission
    control system during normal driving. A
    complete check may take several days.
    If the vehicle is not ready for I/M testing,
    you can perform the following driving cycle
    consisting of mixed city and highway
    driving:
    1. 15 minutes of steady driving on an expressway or highway followed by 20
    minutes of stop-and-go driving with at
    least four 30-second idle periods.
    2. Allow your vehicle to sit for at least eight hours with the ignition off. Then,
    start the vehicle and complete the
    above driving cycle. The vehicle must
    warm up to its normal operating
    temperature. Once started, do not turn
    off the vehicle until the above driving
    cycle is complete.
    If the vehicle is still not ready for I/M
    testing, you need to repeat the above
    driving cycle.
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    							EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEM
    - DIESEL
    Oxidation Catalytic Converter and
    Diesel Particulate Filter System (If
    Equipped) WARNING
    The normal operating temperature
    of the exhaust system is very high.
    Never work around or attempt to
    repair any part of the exhaust system until
    it has cooled. Use special care when
    working around the diesel oxidation
    catalytic converter or the diesel particulate
    filter. The diesel oxidation catalytic
    converter and the diesel particulate filter
    heat up to very high temperatures after
    only a short period of engine operation and
    remain hot after you switch the engine off. Your vehicle has a diesel particulate filter.
    The diesel particulate filter is an inline filter
    in the exhaust system that reduces carbon
    emissions by trapping exhaust particles
    before they reach the tailpipe. The diesel
    particulate filter looks similar to a
    traditional exhaust catalyst and is part of
    the exhaust system under your vehicle. The
    filter couples to a diesel oxidation catalyst
    that reduces the amount of harmful
    exhaust emitted from the tailpipe. As soot
    gathers in the system, it begins to restrict
    the filter. The system must periodically
    clean the soot that gathers inside the filter.
    This is carried out in two ways, passive
    regeneration and active regeneration. Both
    methods occur automatically and require
    no actions from the driver. During either
    one of these regeneration methods,
    although you may notice a change in
    exhaust tone. At certain times, the
    information display shows various
    messages related to the diesel particulate
    filter.  See 
    Information Messages (page
    128). Diesel Particulate Filter Maintenance
    You must properly maintain your vehicle's
    diesel particulate filter in order for it to
    function properly.
    Do not disregard maintenance messages
    that appear in the information display.
    Failure to follow the instructions of an
    information message may degrade vehicle
    performance and could lead to engine
    damage that may not be covered by the
    vehicle Warranty.
    Failure to perform active or operator
    commanded regeneration when instructed
    could result in a clogged diesel particulate
    filter. If the diesel particulate filter fills
    beyond the regeneration threshold, your
    vehicle disables the ability for active and
    operator commanded regeneration. This
    could result in irreversible damage to the
    diesel particulate filter requiring
    replacement that may not be covered by
    the vehicle Warranty.
    Passive Regeneration
    In passive regeneration, the exhaust
    system temperature and constituents
    automatically clean the filter by oxidizing
    the soot. Cleaning automatically occurs
    during normal vehicle operating conditions
    due to driving patterns.
    Active Regeneration
    Once the diesel particulate filter is full of
    exhaust particles, the engine control
    module commands the exhaust system to
    clean the filter through active regeneration.
    Active regeneration requires the engine
    computer to raise the exhaust temperature
    to eliminate the particles. During cleaning,
    the particles convert to harmless gasses.
    Once cleaned the diesel particulate filter
    continues trapping exhaust particles.
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    							The regeneration process operates more
    efficiently when you drive your vehicle at
    a constant speed above 30 mph
    (48 km/h) and at a steady engine speed
    for approximately 20 minutes. The
    frequency and duration of regeneration
    fluctuates by how you drive your vehicle,
    outside air temperature and altitude. For
    most driving, regeneration frequency varies
    from 100–500 mi (160–805 km) between
    occurrences and each occurrence lasts
    9– 35 minutes. You can usually reduce the
    duration of regeneration if you maintain a
    constant speed above 30 mph (48 km/h).
    When the engine control module detects
    that the diesel particulate filter is nearly
    full of particulates and you are not
    operating your vehicle in a manner to allow
    effective automatic regeneration,
    messages appear in the information
    display as a reminder for you to drive your
    vehicle in order to clean the diesel
    particulate filter. If you drive your vehicle
    in a manner to allow effective automatic
    regeneration, the information display
    shows a cleaning exhaust filter message,
    which is the normal regeneration process.
    You can also choose operator commanded
    regeneration to clean the exhaust system
    at this point.  See Information Messages
    (page 
    128).
    If you are not able to drive in a manner that
    allows effective automatic active
    regeneration or you choose to perform
    regeneration of the diesel particulate filter
    while at idle, then operator commanded
    regeneration would need to be performed.
    Operator Commanded Regeneration
    (If Equipped)
    If your vehicle is operated with significant
    stationary operation, low speed drive
    cycles less than 
    25 mph (40 km/h), short
    drive cycles, a drive time is less than 10 -
    15 minutes or the vehicle does not fully
    warm up, passive and active regeneration
    may not sufficiently clean the diesel particulate filter system. Operator
    commanded regeneration allows you to
    manually start regeneration of the diesel
    particulate filter at idle to clean the filter.
    If you are not sure whether your vehicle has
    this feature, contact an authorized dealer.
    When to Carry Out Operator Commanded
    Regeneration
    You can use the operator commanded
    regeneration feature when a message
    appears in the information display and you
    are not able to drive in a manner that
    allows effective automatic active
    regeneration or if you choose to manually
    start the regeneration of the diesel
    particulate filter manually while the vehicle
    is idle.  See 
    Information Messages (page
    128).
    Operator Commanded Regeneration
    Precautions and Safe Exhaust Position WARNING
    Failure to comply with the following
    instructions for Operator
    Commanded Regeneration may
    result in fire, serious injury, death or
    property damage. Make sure that the louvers located at the
    tip of the exhaust are clear of any
    obstructions as they are used to introduce
    fresh air into the tailpipe to cool the
    exhaust gases as they leave the exhaust
    system.
    Before you start operator commanded
    regeneration, do the following:
    •
    Shift into park (P) and apply the
    parking brake on stable, level ground.
    • Park your vehicle outside of any
    structure.
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    							•
    Park your vehicle 10– 15 ft (3–5 m)
    away from any obstructions and away
    from materials that can easily combust
    or melt, for example paper, leaves,
    petroleum products, fuels, plastics and
    other dry organic material.
    • Make sure there is a minimum of 1/8
    tank of fuel.
    • Make sure all fluids are at proper levels.
    How to Start Operator Commanded
    Regeneration WARNING
    Stay clear of the exhaust tailpipe
    during regeneration. Hot exhaust
    gases can burn you badly.
    Note:
    You cannot use the operator
    commanded regeneration until the diesel
    particulate filter load percentage has
    reached 100%. The diesel particulate filter
    load percentage fluctuates up and down
    when driving your vehicle due to active and
    passive regenerations.
    Note: During the use of operator
    commanded regeneration, you may observe
    a light amount of white smoke. This is
    normal. You may not be able to use
    operator commanded
    regeneration if the service engine
    soon warning lamp appears in the
    information display
    Information Display Procedure
    Start with your vehicle engine and when it
    has reached the normal operating
    temperature, press the information display
    control button on the steering wheel.  See
    General Information
     (page 111).  If a
    message advising that the exhaust filter is
    full appears in the information display,
    press the 
    OK button to set the display to
    Y. Answer yes to this prompt and then follow the next prompts regarding exhaust
    position required to initiate operator
    commanded regeneration. Be sure to
    understand each prompt. If you are not
    sure what is being asked by each prompt,
    contact an authorized dealer. The display
    confirms the operation has started and
    when it has finished.
    If the diesel particulate filter is near or at
    saturation, a message requesting
    permission to initiate filter cleaning
    appears in the information display.  See
    Information Messages
     (page 128).
    Answer yes to this prompt and then follow
    the next prompts regarding exhaust
    position required to initiate operator
    commanded regeneration. Be sure to
    understand each prompt. If you are not
    sure what is being asked by each prompt,
    contact an authorized dealer. The display
    confirms the operation has started and
    when it has finished. You can also drive to
    clean the filter. When the system is at the point
    of oversaturation, the service
    engine warning lamp illuminates
    and a message appears in the information
    display. You cannot initiate filter cleaning.
    You must have your vehicle checked as
    soon as possible.
    Once operator commanded regeneration
    starts, engine speed increases to
    approximately 2000– 2500 rpm and the
    cooling fan speed increases. You will hear
    a change in audible sound due to engine
    speed and cooling fan speed increases.
    It is not necessary to open the hood on the
    engine compartment. Once operator
    commanded regeneration completes, the
    engine speed returns to normal idling. The
    exhaust system remains very hot for
    several minutes even after regeneration is
    complete. Do not reposition the vehicle
    over materials that could burn until the
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    							exhaust system has had sufficient time to
    cool. Depending on the amount of soot
    collected by the diesel particulate filter,
    ambient temperature and altitude,
    operator commanded regeneration lasts
    approximately 30 minutes.
    Operator Commanded Regeneration
    with Automatic Regeneration Control
    (If Equipped)
    If your vehicle is operated with significant
    stationary operation, low speed drive
    cycles less than 25 mph (40 km/h), short
    drive cycles, drive time less than 15 minutes
    or the vehicle does not fully warm up,
    passive and active regeneration may not
    sufficiently clean the diesel particulate
    filter system. You can switch off automatic
    regeneration until better driving conditions
    are available, for example steady high
    speed driving. You can then switch
    automatic regeneration back on to clean
    the diesel particulate filter.
    Switching Automatic Regeneration
    Control On and Off
    To switch operator commanded
    regeneration on and off, use the
    information display control on the steering
    wheel.  See 
    General Information (page
    111).  Scroll to the exhaust cleaning
    message and then select Y or N to switch
    it On or Off.
    How to Interrupt or Cancel Operator
    Commanded Regeneration
    If you need to cancel the operator
    commanded regeneration, pressing the
    brake, accelerator or switching the engine
    off stops the procedure. Depending on the
    amount of time you allowed the operator
    commanded regeneration to operate, soot
    may not have had sufficient time to be fully
    eliminated, but the exhaust system and
    exhaust gas may still be hot. If you shut your vehicle off during operator
    commanded regeneration, you may notice
    turbo flutter. This is a normal consequence
    caused by shutting off a diesel engine
    during boosted operation and is considered
    normal.
    Filter Service and Maintenance
    Over time, a slight amount of ash builds
    up in the diesel particulate filter, which is
    not removed during the regeneration
    process. The filter may need to be removed
    for ash cleaning at approximately
    120,000 mi (190,000 km)
     or it may need
    to be replaced with a new or
    remanufactured part. Actual mileage
    varies depending on engine and vehicle
    operating conditions. The filter may need
    to be replaced with a new or
    remanufactured part at approximately
    250,000 mi (400,000 km)
    . Actual
    mileage varies depending on engine and
    vehicle operating conditions. If filter service is required, the
    engine control system warning
    lamp illuminates in the
    information display. If there are any issues with the
    diesel particulate filter system,
    the engine control system
    warning lamp and a service
    engine soon warning lamp
    illuminate to inform you that
    your vehicle requires service. Have your
    vehicle checked as soon as possible.
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    							Resonator and Tailpipe Assembly
    Maintenance
    Aftermarket devices or modifications to
    the exhaust system may reduce the
    effectiveness of the exhaust system as
    well as cause damage to the exhaust
    system or engine. This may also degrade
    vehicle performance and could lead to
    engine damage that may not be covered
    by the vehicle Warranty.
    Emission Control System Laws
    WARNING
    Do not remove or alter the original
    equipment floor covering or
    insulation between it and the metal
    floor of the vehicle. The floor covering and
    insulation protect occupants of the vehicle
    from the engine and exhaust system heat
    and noise. On vehicles with no original
    equipment floor covering insulation, do not
    carry passengers in a manner that permits
    prolonged skin contact with the metal
    floor. Failure to follow these instructions
    may result in fire or personal injury. In the United States, federal law and
    certain state laws prohibit removing or
    rendering the emission control system
    inoperative. Similar federal or provincial
    laws may apply in Canada. We do not
    recommend any vehicle modification
    without determining applicable law.
    Tampering with emissions
    control system, including related
    sensors or the diesel exhaust
    fluid injection system can result in reduced
    engine power and the service engine soon
    warning lamp illuminating in the
    information display. Tampering with a Noise Control
    System
    Federal law prohibits the following acts or
    the causing thereof:
    •
    The removal or rendering inoperative
    by any person other than for purposes
    of maintenance, repair or replacement
    of any device or element of design
    incorporated into any new vehicle for
    the purpose of noise control prior to its
    sale or delivery to the ultimate
    purchaser or while it is in use.
    • The use of the vehicle after such device
    or element of design has been removed
    or rendered inoperative by any person.
    Among those acts, which the United States
    Environmental Protection Agency may
    presume to constitute tampering are the
    acts listed below:
    • Removal of hood blanket, fender apron
    absorbers, fender apron barriers,
    underbody noise shields or acoustically
    absorptive material.
    • Tampering or rendering inoperative the
    engine speed governor, to allow engine
    speed to exceed manufacturer ’s
    specifications.
    The complexity of the diesel engine makes
    it so the owner is discouraged from
    attempting to perform maintenance other
    than the services described in this Owner's
    Manual.
    If you experience difficulty starting the
    engine, rough idling, excessive exhaust
    smoke, a decrease in engine performance
    or excess fuel consumption, perform the
    following checks:
    • A plugged or disconnected air inlet
    system or engine air filter element.
    • Water in the fuel filter and water
    separator.
    • A clogged fuel filter.
    • Contaminated fuel.
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    							•
    Air in the fuel system, due to loose
    connections.
    • An open or pinched sensor hose.
    • Check engine oil level.
    • Wrong fuel or oil viscosity for the
    climatic conditions.
    If these checks do not help you correct the
    engine performance problem you are
    experiencing, have your vehicle checked
    as soon as possible.
    Noise Emissions Warranty, Prohibited
    Tampering Acts and Maintenance
    On January 1, 1978, Federal regulation
    became effective governing the noise
    emission on vehicles weighing over
    10,000 lb (4,536 kg) Gross Vehicle Weight
    Rating. The preceding statements
    concerning prohibited tampering acts and
    maintenance, and the noise warranty
    found in the Warranty Guide, are
    applicable to complete chassis cabs over
    10,000 lb (4,536 kg) Gross Vehicle Weight
    Rating.
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    							AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION
    WARNING
    Always apply the parking brake fully
    and make sure you shift into park (P).
    Switch the ignition off and remove
    the key whenever you leave your vehicle. Understanding the Shift Positions
    of Your Automatic Transmission
    (If Equipped)
    Putting your vehicle in or out of gear:
    1. Fully press down the brake pedal.
    2. Move the gearshift lever into the
    desired gear.
    3. Come to a complete stop.
    4. Move the gearshift lever and securely latch it in park (P).
    Park (P)
    This position locks the transmission and
    prevents the rear wheels from turning.
    Reverse (R)
    With the gearshift lever in reverse (R), your
    vehicle will move backward. Always come
    to a complete stop before shifting into and
    out of reverse (R). Neutral (N)
    With the gearshift lever in neutral (N), your
    vehicle can be started and is free to roll.
    Hold the brake pedal down while in this
    position.
    Drive (D)
    Drive (D) is the normal driving position for
    the best fuel economy. The drive function
    allows automatic upshifts and downshifts
    through gears one through six.
    M (Manual)
    With the gearshift lever in manual (M), the
    driver can change gears up or down as
    desired. By moving the gearshift lever from
    drive position drive (D) to manual (M) you
    now have control of selecting the gear you
    desire using buttons on the shift lever. See
    Understanding your SelectShift
    Automatic
    ™ transmission later in this
    section.
    To return to normal drive (D) position,
    move the shift lever back from manual (M)
    to drive (D).
    The transmission operates in gears one
    through six.
    Second (2)
    Transmission operates in second (2) gear
    only. Use second (2) gear to start-up on
    slippery roads.
    First (1)
    • Transmission operates in first (1) gear
    only.
    • Provides maximum engine braking.
    • Allows upshifts by moving gearshift
    lever.
    • Will not downshift into first (1) gear at
    high speeds; allows for first (1) gear
    when vehicle reaches slower speeds.
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    							Forced downshifts
    •
    Allowed in drive (D) with the tow/haul
    feature on or off.
    • Press the accelerator to the floor.
    • Allows transmission to select an
    appropriate gear.
    Tow/Haul Mode WARNING
    Do not use the tow/haul feature
    when driving in icy or slippery
    conditions as the increased engine
    braking can cause the rear wheels to slide
    and your vehicle to swing around with the
    possible loss of vehicle control. To activate tow/haul, press the
    button on the gearshift lever
    once. The TOW HAUL indicator
    light illuminates in the instrument cluster.
    The tow/haul feature:
    • Delays upshifts to reduce the frequency
    of transmission shifting.
    • Provides engine braking in all forward
    gears, which slows your vehicle and
    assists you in controlling your vehicle
    when descending a grade.
    • Depending on driving conditions and
    load conditions, may downshift the
    transmission, slow your vehicle and
    control your vehicle speed when
    descending a hill, without pressing the
    accelerator pedal. The amount of
    downshift braking provided will vary
    based upon the amount you press the
    brake pedal.
    The tow/haul feature improves
    transmission operation when towing a
    trailer or a heavy load. All transmission
    gear ranges are available when using
    tow/haul. Note:
    If your vehicle is equipped with the
    Adaptive Steering System, enabling the
    tow/haul feature will adjust the steering
    response. In tow/haul mode the Adaptive
    Steering system reduces vehicle sensitivity
    to steering inputs at higher vehicle speeds
    while maintaining the ease of parking and
    maneuverability at low speeds.  See
    Steering (page 256).
    To deactivate the tow/haul feature and
    return to normal driving mode, press the
    button on the gearshift lever when
    tow/haul is active. The TOW HAUL light
    deactivates. Tow/haul also deactivates
    when you power down your vehicle.
    Understanding your SelectShift
    Automatic ™ transmission (If Equipped) Your vehicle is equipped with a SelectShift
    Automatic
    ™ transmission gearshift lever.
    The SelectShift Automatic transmission
    gives you the ability to change gears up or
    down (without a clutch) as desired.
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    							In order to prevent the engine from running
    at too low an RPM, which may cause it to
    stall, SelectShift will still automatically
    make some downshifts if it has determined
    that you have not downshifted in time.
    Although SelectShift will make some
    downshifts for you, it will still allow you to
    downshift at any time as long as the
    SelectShift determines that damage will
    not be caused to the engine from
    over-revving.
    SelectShift will not automatically upshift,
    even if the engine is approaching the RPM
    limit. It must be shifted manually by
    pressing the + button.
    Note:
    Engine damage may occur if you
    maintain excessive engine revving without
    shifting.
    The SelectShift Automatic transmission
    feature has two modes: PRS and M mode.
    PRS (Progressive Range Selection)
    Progressive Range Selection gives you the
    ability to lockout gears from the automatic
    shifting range. This may provide you with
    an improved driving experience (for
    example, in slippery conditions or when
    experiencing a steep grade). With the gearshift lever in drive (D), press
    the – button to active PRS. The available
    and selected gears are indicated on the
    instrument cluster.
    All available gears will display with the
    current gear indicated. Press the – button
    again to lock out gears beginning with the
    highest gear. Example: press the – button
    twice to lock out 6th and 5th gears. Only
    the available gears will display and the
    transmission will automatically shift
    between the available gears. Press the +
    button to unlock gears to allow the
    transmission to shift to higher gears. The
    transmission will shift automatically within
    the gear range you select.
    Manual (M)
    Moving the gearshift lever to the manual
    (M) position will allow you to manually
    select the gear you desire. Only the current
    gear will display. Use the buttons on the
    gearshift lever to manually select gears.
    Press the + button to upshift or the –
    button to downshift. Return the
    transmission to a different gearshift
    position to deactivate manual control.
    Recommended shift speeds
    Upshift according to the following chart:
    Upshifts when accelerating (recommended for best fuel economy)
    Diesel engines
    Gasoline engines
    Shift from:
    12 mph (19 km/h)
    15 mph (24 km/h)
    1 – 2
    19 mph (31 km/h)
    25 mph (40 km/h)
    2 – 3
    26 mph (42 km/h)
    40 mph (64 km/h)
    3 – 4
    34 mph (55 km/h)
    45 mph (72 km/h)
    4 – 5
    46 mph (74 km/h)
    50 mph (80 km/h)
    5 – 6
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