Ford F 250 Instruction Manual
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2. Poor fuel quality or water in the fuel —the engine may misfire or run poorly. 3. The fuel fill inlet may not have closed properly. See Refueling (page 192). 4. Driving through deep water —the electrical system may be wet. You can correct these temporary malfunctions by filling the fuel tank with good quality fuel, properly closing the fuel fill inlet or letting the electrical system dry out. After three driving cycles without these or any other temporary malfunctions present, the service engine soon indicator should stay off the next time you start the engine. A driving cycle consists of a cold engine startup followed by mixed city and highway driving. No additional vehicle service is required. If the service engine soon indicator remains on, have your vehicle serviced at the first available opportunity. Although some malfunctions detected by the OBD-II may not have symptoms that are apparent, continued driving with the service engine soon indicator on can result in increased emissions, lower fuel economy, reduced engine and transmission smoothness and lead to more costly repairs. Readiness for Inspection and Maintenance (I/M) Testing Some state and provincial and local governments may have Inspection/Maintenance (I/M) programs to inspect the emission control equipment on your vehicle. Failure to pass this inspection could prevent you from getting a vehicle registration. If the service engine soon indicator is on or the bulb does not work, your vehicle may need service. See On-Board Diagnostics. Your vehicle may not pass the I/M test if the service engine soon indicator is on or not working properly (bulb is burned out), or if the OBD-II system has determined that some of the emission control systems have not been properly checked. In this case, the vehicle is not ready for I/M testing. If the vehicle ’s engine or transmission has just been serviced, or the battery has recently run down or been replaced, the OBD-II system may indicate that the vehicle is not ready for I/M testing. To determine if the vehicle is ready for I/M testing, turn the ignition key to the on position for 15 seconds without cranking the engine. If the service engine soon indicator blinks eight times, it means that the vehicle is not ready for I/M testing; if the service engine soon indicator stays on solid, it means that your vehicle is ready for I/M testing. The OBD-II system checks the emission control system during normal driving. A complete check may take several days. If the vehicle is not ready for I/M testing, you can perform the following driving cycle consisting of mixed city and highway driving: 1. 15 minutes of steady driving on an expressway or highway followed by 20 minutes of stop-and-go driving with at least four 30-second idle periods. 2. Allow your vehicle to sit for at least eight hours with the ignition off. Then, start the vehicle and complete the above driving cycle. The vehicle must warm up to its normal operating temperature. Once started, do not turn off the vehicle until the above driving cycle is complete. If the vehicle is still not ready for I/M testing, you need to repeat the above driving cycle. 198 Super Duty (TFE) Canada/United States of America, enUSA, First Printing Fuel and Refueling
EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEM - DIESEL Oxidation Catalytic Converter and Diesel Particulate Filter System (If Equipped) WARNING The normal operating temperature of the exhaust system is very high. Never work around or attempt to repair any part of the exhaust system until it has cooled. Use special care when working around the diesel oxidation catalytic converter or the diesel particulate filter. The diesel oxidation catalytic converter and the diesel particulate filter heat up to very high temperatures after only a short period of engine operation and remain hot after you switch the engine off. Your vehicle has a diesel particulate filter. The diesel particulate filter is an inline filter in the exhaust system that reduces carbon emissions by trapping exhaust particles before they reach the tailpipe. The diesel particulate filter looks similar to a traditional exhaust catalyst and is part of the exhaust system under your vehicle. The filter couples to a diesel oxidation catalyst that reduces the amount of harmful exhaust emitted from the tailpipe. As soot gathers in the system, it begins to restrict the filter. The system must periodically clean the soot that gathers inside the filter. This is carried out in two ways, passive regeneration and active regeneration. Both methods occur automatically and require no actions from the driver. During either one of these regeneration methods, although you may notice a change in exhaust tone. At certain times, the information display shows various messages related to the diesel particulate filter. See Information Messages (page 128). Diesel Particulate Filter Maintenance You must properly maintain your vehicle's diesel particulate filter in order for it to function properly. Do not disregard maintenance messages that appear in the information display. Failure to follow the instructions of an information message may degrade vehicle performance and could lead to engine damage that may not be covered by the vehicle Warranty. Failure to perform active or operator commanded regeneration when instructed could result in a clogged diesel particulate filter. If the diesel particulate filter fills beyond the regeneration threshold, your vehicle disables the ability for active and operator commanded regeneration. This could result in irreversible damage to the diesel particulate filter requiring replacement that may not be covered by the vehicle Warranty. Passive Regeneration In passive regeneration, the exhaust system temperature and constituents automatically clean the filter by oxidizing the soot. Cleaning automatically occurs during normal vehicle operating conditions due to driving patterns. Active Regeneration Once the diesel particulate filter is full of exhaust particles, the engine control module commands the exhaust system to clean the filter through active regeneration. Active regeneration requires the engine computer to raise the exhaust temperature to eliminate the particles. During cleaning, the particles convert to harmless gasses. Once cleaned the diesel particulate filter continues trapping exhaust particles. 199 Super Duty (TFE) Canada/United States of America, enUSA, First Printing Fuel and Refueling
The regeneration process operates more efficiently when you drive your vehicle at a constant speed above 30 mph (48 km/h) and at a steady engine speed for approximately 20 minutes. The frequency and duration of regeneration fluctuates by how you drive your vehicle, outside air temperature and altitude. For most driving, regeneration frequency varies from 100–500 mi (160–805 km) between occurrences and each occurrence lasts 9– 35 minutes. You can usually reduce the duration of regeneration if you maintain a constant speed above 30 mph (48 km/h). When the engine control module detects that the diesel particulate filter is nearly full of particulates and you are not operating your vehicle in a manner to allow effective automatic regeneration, messages appear in the information display as a reminder for you to drive your vehicle in order to clean the diesel particulate filter. If you drive your vehicle in a manner to allow effective automatic regeneration, the information display shows a cleaning exhaust filter message, which is the normal regeneration process. You can also choose operator commanded regeneration to clean the exhaust system at this point. See Information Messages (page 128). If you are not able to drive in a manner that allows effective automatic active regeneration or you choose to perform regeneration of the diesel particulate filter while at idle, then operator commanded regeneration would need to be performed. Operator Commanded Regeneration (If Equipped) If your vehicle is operated with significant stationary operation, low speed drive cycles less than 25 mph (40 km/h), short drive cycles, a drive time is less than 10 - 15 minutes or the vehicle does not fully warm up, passive and active regeneration may not sufficiently clean the diesel particulate filter system. Operator commanded regeneration allows you to manually start regeneration of the diesel particulate filter at idle to clean the filter. If you are not sure whether your vehicle has this feature, contact an authorized dealer. When to Carry Out Operator Commanded Regeneration You can use the operator commanded regeneration feature when a message appears in the information display and you are not able to drive in a manner that allows effective automatic active regeneration or if you choose to manually start the regeneration of the diesel particulate filter manually while the vehicle is idle. See Information Messages (page 128). Operator Commanded Regeneration Precautions and Safe Exhaust Position WARNING Failure to comply with the following instructions for Operator Commanded Regeneration may result in fire, serious injury, death or property damage. Make sure that the louvers located at the tip of the exhaust are clear of any obstructions as they are used to introduce fresh air into the tailpipe to cool the exhaust gases as they leave the exhaust system. Before you start operator commanded regeneration, do the following: • Shift into park (P) and apply the parking brake on stable, level ground. • Park your vehicle outside of any structure. 200 Super Duty (TFE) Canada/United States of America, enUSA, First Printing Fuel and Refueling
• Park your vehicle 10– 15 ft (3–5 m) away from any obstructions and away from materials that can easily combust or melt, for example paper, leaves, petroleum products, fuels, plastics and other dry organic material. • Make sure there is a minimum of 1/8 tank of fuel. • Make sure all fluids are at proper levels. How to Start Operator Commanded Regeneration WARNING Stay clear of the exhaust tailpipe during regeneration. Hot exhaust gases can burn you badly. Note: You cannot use the operator commanded regeneration until the diesel particulate filter load percentage has reached 100%. The diesel particulate filter load percentage fluctuates up and down when driving your vehicle due to active and passive regenerations. Note: During the use of operator commanded regeneration, you may observe a light amount of white smoke. This is normal. You may not be able to use operator commanded regeneration if the service engine soon warning lamp appears in the information display Information Display Procedure Start with your vehicle engine and when it has reached the normal operating temperature, press the information display control button on the steering wheel. See General Information (page 111). If a message advising that the exhaust filter is full appears in the information display, press the OK button to set the display to Y. Answer yes to this prompt and then follow the next prompts regarding exhaust position required to initiate operator commanded regeneration. Be sure to understand each prompt. If you are not sure what is being asked by each prompt, contact an authorized dealer. The display confirms the operation has started and when it has finished. If the diesel particulate filter is near or at saturation, a message requesting permission to initiate filter cleaning appears in the information display. See Information Messages (page 128). Answer yes to this prompt and then follow the next prompts regarding exhaust position required to initiate operator commanded regeneration. Be sure to understand each prompt. If you are not sure what is being asked by each prompt, contact an authorized dealer. The display confirms the operation has started and when it has finished. You can also drive to clean the filter. When the system is at the point of oversaturation, the service engine warning lamp illuminates and a message appears in the information display. You cannot initiate filter cleaning. You must have your vehicle checked as soon as possible. Once operator commanded regeneration starts, engine speed increases to approximately 2000– 2500 rpm and the cooling fan speed increases. You will hear a change in audible sound due to engine speed and cooling fan speed increases. It is not necessary to open the hood on the engine compartment. Once operator commanded regeneration completes, the engine speed returns to normal idling. The exhaust system remains very hot for several minutes even after regeneration is complete. Do not reposition the vehicle over materials that could burn until the 201 Super Duty (TFE) Canada/United States of America, enUSA, First Printing Fuel and Refueling
exhaust system has had sufficient time to cool. Depending on the amount of soot collected by the diesel particulate filter, ambient temperature and altitude, operator commanded regeneration lasts approximately 30 minutes. Operator Commanded Regeneration with Automatic Regeneration Control (If Equipped) If your vehicle is operated with significant stationary operation, low speed drive cycles less than 25 mph (40 km/h), short drive cycles, drive time less than 15 minutes or the vehicle does not fully warm up, passive and active regeneration may not sufficiently clean the diesel particulate filter system. You can switch off automatic regeneration until better driving conditions are available, for example steady high speed driving. You can then switch automatic regeneration back on to clean the diesel particulate filter. Switching Automatic Regeneration Control On and Off To switch operator commanded regeneration on and off, use the information display control on the steering wheel. See General Information (page 111). Scroll to the exhaust cleaning message and then select Y or N to switch it On or Off. How to Interrupt or Cancel Operator Commanded Regeneration If you need to cancel the operator commanded regeneration, pressing the brake, accelerator or switching the engine off stops the procedure. Depending on the amount of time you allowed the operator commanded regeneration to operate, soot may not have had sufficient time to be fully eliminated, but the exhaust system and exhaust gas may still be hot. If you shut your vehicle off during operator commanded regeneration, you may notice turbo flutter. This is a normal consequence caused by shutting off a diesel engine during boosted operation and is considered normal. Filter Service and Maintenance Over time, a slight amount of ash builds up in the diesel particulate filter, which is not removed during the regeneration process. The filter may need to be removed for ash cleaning at approximately 120,000 mi (190,000 km) or it may need to be replaced with a new or remanufactured part. Actual mileage varies depending on engine and vehicle operating conditions. The filter may need to be replaced with a new or remanufactured part at approximately 250,000 mi (400,000 km) . Actual mileage varies depending on engine and vehicle operating conditions. If filter service is required, the engine control system warning lamp illuminates in the information display. If there are any issues with the diesel particulate filter system, the engine control system warning lamp and a service engine soon warning lamp illuminate to inform you that your vehicle requires service. Have your vehicle checked as soon as possible. 202 Super Duty (TFE) Canada/United States of America, enUSA, First Printing Fuel and Refueling
Resonator and Tailpipe Assembly Maintenance Aftermarket devices or modifications to the exhaust system may reduce the effectiveness of the exhaust system as well as cause damage to the exhaust system or engine. This may also degrade vehicle performance and could lead to engine damage that may not be covered by the vehicle Warranty. Emission Control System Laws WARNING Do not remove or alter the original equipment floor covering or insulation between it and the metal floor of the vehicle. The floor covering and insulation protect occupants of the vehicle from the engine and exhaust system heat and noise. On vehicles with no original equipment floor covering insulation, do not carry passengers in a manner that permits prolonged skin contact with the metal floor. Failure to follow these instructions may result in fire or personal injury. In the United States, federal law and certain state laws prohibit removing or rendering the emission control system inoperative. Similar federal or provincial laws may apply in Canada. We do not recommend any vehicle modification without determining applicable law. Tampering with emissions control system, including related sensors or the diesel exhaust fluid injection system can result in reduced engine power and the service engine soon warning lamp illuminating in the information display. Tampering with a Noise Control System Federal law prohibits the following acts or the causing thereof: • The removal or rendering inoperative by any person other than for purposes of maintenance, repair or replacement of any device or element of design incorporated into any new vehicle for the purpose of noise control prior to its sale or delivery to the ultimate purchaser or while it is in use. • The use of the vehicle after such device or element of design has been removed or rendered inoperative by any person. Among those acts, which the United States Environmental Protection Agency may presume to constitute tampering are the acts listed below: • Removal of hood blanket, fender apron absorbers, fender apron barriers, underbody noise shields or acoustically absorptive material. • Tampering or rendering inoperative the engine speed governor, to allow engine speed to exceed manufacturer ’s specifications. The complexity of the diesel engine makes it so the owner is discouraged from attempting to perform maintenance other than the services described in this Owner's Manual. If you experience difficulty starting the engine, rough idling, excessive exhaust smoke, a decrease in engine performance or excess fuel consumption, perform the following checks: • A plugged or disconnected air inlet system or engine air filter element. • Water in the fuel filter and water separator. • A clogged fuel filter. • Contaminated fuel. 203 Super Duty (TFE) Canada/United States of America, enUSA, First Printing Fuel and Refueling
• Air in the fuel system, due to loose connections. • An open or pinched sensor hose. • Check engine oil level. • Wrong fuel or oil viscosity for the climatic conditions. If these checks do not help you correct the engine performance problem you are experiencing, have your vehicle checked as soon as possible. Noise Emissions Warranty, Prohibited Tampering Acts and Maintenance On January 1, 1978, Federal regulation became effective governing the noise emission on vehicles weighing over 10,000 lb (4,536 kg) Gross Vehicle Weight Rating. The preceding statements concerning prohibited tampering acts and maintenance, and the noise warranty found in the Warranty Guide, are applicable to complete chassis cabs over 10,000 lb (4,536 kg) Gross Vehicle Weight Rating. 204 Super Duty (TFE) Canada/United States of America, enUSA, First Printing Fuel and Refueling
AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION WARNING Always apply the parking brake fully and make sure you shift into park (P). Switch the ignition off and remove the key whenever you leave your vehicle. Understanding the Shift Positions of Your Automatic Transmission (If Equipped) Putting your vehicle in or out of gear: 1. Fully press down the brake pedal. 2. Move the gearshift lever into the desired gear. 3. Come to a complete stop. 4. Move the gearshift lever and securely latch it in park (P). Park (P) This position locks the transmission and prevents the rear wheels from turning. Reverse (R) With the gearshift lever in reverse (R), your vehicle will move backward. Always come to a complete stop before shifting into and out of reverse (R). Neutral (N) With the gearshift lever in neutral (N), your vehicle can be started and is free to roll. Hold the brake pedal down while in this position. Drive (D) Drive (D) is the normal driving position for the best fuel economy. The drive function allows automatic upshifts and downshifts through gears one through six. M (Manual) With the gearshift lever in manual (M), the driver can change gears up or down as desired. By moving the gearshift lever from drive position drive (D) to manual (M) you now have control of selecting the gear you desire using buttons on the shift lever. See Understanding your SelectShift Automatic ™ transmission later in this section. To return to normal drive (D) position, move the shift lever back from manual (M) to drive (D). The transmission operates in gears one through six. Second (2) Transmission operates in second (2) gear only. Use second (2) gear to start-up on slippery roads. First (1) • Transmission operates in first (1) gear only. • Provides maximum engine braking. • Allows upshifts by moving gearshift lever. • Will not downshift into first (1) gear at high speeds; allows for first (1) gear when vehicle reaches slower speeds. 205 Super Duty (TFE) Canada/United States of America, enUSA, First Printing TransmissionE163183
Forced downshifts • Allowed in drive (D) with the tow/haul feature on or off. • Press the accelerator to the floor. • Allows transmission to select an appropriate gear. Tow/Haul Mode WARNING Do not use the tow/haul feature when driving in icy or slippery conditions as the increased engine braking can cause the rear wheels to slide and your vehicle to swing around with the possible loss of vehicle control. To activate tow/haul, press the button on the gearshift lever once. The TOW HAUL indicator light illuminates in the instrument cluster. The tow/haul feature: • Delays upshifts to reduce the frequency of transmission shifting. • Provides engine braking in all forward gears, which slows your vehicle and assists you in controlling your vehicle when descending a grade. • Depending on driving conditions and load conditions, may downshift the transmission, slow your vehicle and control your vehicle speed when descending a hill, without pressing the accelerator pedal. The amount of downshift braking provided will vary based upon the amount you press the brake pedal. The tow/haul feature improves transmission operation when towing a trailer or a heavy load. All transmission gear ranges are available when using tow/haul. Note: If your vehicle is equipped with the Adaptive Steering System, enabling the tow/haul feature will adjust the steering response. In tow/haul mode the Adaptive Steering system reduces vehicle sensitivity to steering inputs at higher vehicle speeds while maintaining the ease of parking and maneuverability at low speeds. See Steering (page 256). To deactivate the tow/haul feature and return to normal driving mode, press the button on the gearshift lever when tow/haul is active. The TOW HAUL light deactivates. Tow/haul also deactivates when you power down your vehicle. Understanding your SelectShift Automatic ™ transmission (If Equipped) Your vehicle is equipped with a SelectShift Automatic ™ transmission gearshift lever. The SelectShift Automatic transmission gives you the ability to change gears up or down (without a clutch) as desired. 206 Super Duty (TFE) Canada/United States of America, enUSA, First Printing TransmissionE161509 E163184
In order to prevent the engine from running at too low an RPM, which may cause it to stall, SelectShift will still automatically make some downshifts if it has determined that you have not downshifted in time. Although SelectShift will make some downshifts for you, it will still allow you to downshift at any time as long as the SelectShift determines that damage will not be caused to the engine from over-revving. SelectShift will not automatically upshift, even if the engine is approaching the RPM limit. It must be shifted manually by pressing the + button. Note: Engine damage may occur if you maintain excessive engine revving without shifting. The SelectShift Automatic transmission feature has two modes: PRS and M mode. PRS (Progressive Range Selection) Progressive Range Selection gives you the ability to lockout gears from the automatic shifting range. This may provide you with an improved driving experience (for example, in slippery conditions or when experiencing a steep grade). With the gearshift lever in drive (D), press the – button to active PRS. The available and selected gears are indicated on the instrument cluster. All available gears will display with the current gear indicated. Press the – button again to lock out gears beginning with the highest gear. Example: press the – button twice to lock out 6th and 5th gears. Only the available gears will display and the transmission will automatically shift between the available gears. Press the + button to unlock gears to allow the transmission to shift to higher gears. The transmission will shift automatically within the gear range you select. Manual (M) Moving the gearshift lever to the manual (M) position will allow you to manually select the gear you desire. Only the current gear will display. Use the buttons on the gearshift lever to manually select gears. Press the + button to upshift or the – button to downshift. Return the transmission to a different gearshift position to deactivate manual control. Recommended shift speeds Upshift according to the following chart: Upshifts when accelerating (recommended for best fuel economy) Diesel engines Gasoline engines Shift from: 12 mph (19 km/h) 15 mph (24 km/h) 1 – 2 19 mph (31 km/h) 25 mph (40 km/h) 2 – 3 26 mph (42 km/h) 40 mph (64 km/h) 3 – 4 34 mph (55 km/h) 45 mph (72 km/h) 4 – 5 46 mph (74 km/h) 50 mph (80 km/h) 5 – 6 207 Super Duty (TFE) Canada/United States of America, enUSA, First Printing Transmission