MikroTik Router OS V3.0 User Manual
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Table Of Contents Configuration Management.................................................................. 1 General Information ................................................................................................................ 1 System Backup......................................................................................................................... 2 Exporting Configuration...........................................................................................................3 Importing Configuration...........................................................................................................3 Configuration Reset..................................................................................................................4 FTP (File Transfer Protocol) Server..................................................... 5 General Information ................................................................................................................ 5 File Transfer Protocol Server................................................................................................... 5 MAC Level Access (Telnet and Winbox)............................................. 7 General Information ................................................................................................................ 7 MAC Telnet Server.................................................................................................................. 7 MAC WinBox Server............................................................................................................... 8 Monitoring Active Session List................................................................................................9 MAC Scan................................................................................................................................ 9 MAC Telnet Client................................................................................................................... 9 Serial Console and Terminal.............................................................. 11 General Information .............................................................................................................. 11 Serial Console Configuration................................................................................................. 12 Configuring Console.............................................................................................................. 13 Using Serial Terminal............................................................................................................ 14 Console Screen....................................................................................................................... 14 Software Package and Version Management................................... 16 General Information .............................................................................................................. 16 Installation (Upgrade).............................................................................................................17 Uninstallation......................................................................................................................... 18 Downgrading.......................................................................................................................... 19 Disabling and Enabling.......................................................................................................... 20 Unscheduling.......................................................................................................................... 21 System Upgrade..................................................................................................................... 21 Adding Package Source..........................................................................................................22 Software Package List............................................................................................................ 23 SSH (Secure Shell) Server and Client............................................... 26 General Information .............................................................................................................. 26 SSH Server............................................................................................................................. 27 SSH Client.............................................................................................................................. 27 SSH Preshated Key................................................................................................................ 27 Telnet Server and Client..................................................................... 29 General Information .............................................................................................................. 29 Telnet Server.......................................................................................................................... 29 Telnet Client........................................................................................................................... 29 IP Addresses and ARP....................................................................... 31 General Information .............................................................................................................. 31 i
IP Addressing......................................................................................................................... 31 Address Resolution Protocol.................................................................................................. 33 Proxy-ARP feature................................................................................................................. 34 Troubleshooting......................................................................................................................37 Routes, Equal Cost Multipath Routing, Policy Routing...................38 General Information .............................................................................................................. 38 Routes..................................................................................................................................... 39 Policy Rules............................................................................................................................41 General Information .............................................................................................................. 41 ARLAN 655 Wireless Client Card....................................................... 45 General Information............................................................................................................... 45 Installation.............................................................................................................................. 45 Wireless Interface Configuration........................................................................................... 46 Troubleshooting......................................................................................................................47 Interface Bonding................................................................................48 General Information .............................................................................................................. 48 General Information .............................................................................................................. 51 CISCO/Aironet 2.4GHz 11Mbps Wireless Interface.......................... 54 General Information .............................................................................................................. 54 Wireless Interface Configuration........................................................................................... 55 Troubleshooting......................................................................................................................57 Application Examples............................................................................................................ 58 Cyclades PC300 PCI Adapters........................................................... 63 General Information............................................................................................................... 63 Synchronous Interface Configuration.................................................................................... 63 Troubleshooting......................................................................................................................64 RSV/V.35 Synchronous Link Applications........................................................................... 65 Driver Management............................................................................. 68 General Information .............................................................................................................. 68 Loading Device Drivers......................................................................................................... 68 Removing Device Drivers...................................................................................................... 70 Notes on PCMCIA Adapters.................................................................................................. 71 Troubleshooting......................................................................................................................71 Ethernet Interfaces..............................................................................72 General Information............................................................................................................... 72 Ethernet Interface Configuration............................................................................................ 72 Monitoring the Interface Status.............................................................................................. 74 Troubleshooting......................................................................................................................74 FarSync X.21 Interface........................................................................76 General Information............................................................................................................... 76 Synchronous Interface Configuration.................................................................................... 76 Troubleshooting......................................................................................................................77 Synchronous Link Applications............................................................................................. 78 FrameRelay (PVC, Private Virtual Circuit) Interface.........................83 General Information............................................................................................................... 83 Configuring Frame Relay Interface........................................................................................84 ii
Frame Relay Configuration.................................................................................................... 84 Troubleshooting......................................................................................................................87 General Interface Settings..................................................................89 General Information .............................................................................................................. 89 Interface Status....................................................................................................................... 89 Traffic Monitoring..................................................................................................................90 GPRS PCMCIA..................................................................................... 91 How to make a GPRS connection.......................................................................................... 91 ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) Interface...................... 93 General Information............................................................................................................... 93 ISDN Hardware and Software Installation.............................................................................94 ISDN Client Interface Configuration..................................................................................... 95 ISDN Server Interface Configuration.....................................................................................96 ISDN Examples...................................................................................................................... 97 M3P..................................................................................................... 101 General Information ............................................................................................................ 101 Setup..................................................................................................................................... 102 MOXA C101 Synchronous Interface................................................ 104 General Information............................................................................................................. 104 Synchronous Interface Configuration.................................................................................. 105 Troubleshooting....................................................................................................................106 Synchronous Link Application Examples............................................................................ 107 MOXA C502 Dual-port Synchronous Interface............................... 111 General Information............................................................................................................. 111 Synchronous Interface Configuration.................................................................................. 112 Troubleshooting....................................................................................................................113 Synchronous Link Application Examples............................................................................ 113 PPP and Asynchronous Interfaces................................................. 118 General Information............................................................................................................. 118 Serial Port Configuration......................................................................................................119 PPP Server Setup.................................................................................................................. 120 PPP Client Setup.................................................................................................................. 121 PPP Application Example.................................................................................................... 122 RadioLAN 5.8GHz Wireless Interface.............................................. 124 General Information............................................................................................................. 124 Wireless Interface Configuration......................................................................................... 125 Troubleshooting....................................................................................................................127 Wireless Network Applications............................................................................................127 Sangoma Synchronous Cards......................................................... 130 General Information............................................................................................................. 130 Synchronous Interface Configuration.................................................................................. 130 LMC/SBEI Synchronous Interfaces................................................. 132 General Information............................................................................................................. 132 Synchronous Interface Configuration.................................................................................. 132 General Information ............................................................................................................ 133 Wireless Client and Wireless Access Point Manual...................... 135 iii
General Information............................................................................................................. 137 Wireless Interface Configuration......................................................................................... 139 Interface Monitor..................................................................................................................146 Nstreme Settings...................................................................................................................148 Nstreme2 Group Settings..................................................................................................... 149 Registration Table................................................................................................................ 152 Connect List......................................................................................................................... 154 Access List........................................................................................................................... 155 Info....................................................................................................................................... 156 Virtual Access Point Interface..............................................................................................159 WDS Interface Configuration.............................................................................................. 161 Align..................................................................................................................................... 162 Align Monitor....................................................................................................................... 163 Frequency Monitor............................................................................................................... 164 Manual Transmit Power Table............................................................................................. 164 Network Scan....................................................................................................................... 165 Security Profiles................................................................................................................... 166 Sniffer................................................................................................................................... 169 Sniffer Sniff.......................................................................................................................... 170 Sniffer Packets......................................................................................................................171 Snooper.................................................................................................................................171 Xpeed SDSL Interface....................................................................... 173 General Information............................................................................................................. 173 Xpeed Interface Configuration............................................................................................. 173 Frame Relay Configuration Examples................................................................................. 175 Troubleshooting....................................................................................................................176 EoIP.................................................................................................... 177 General Information............................................................................................................. 177 EoIP Setup............................................................................................................................ 178 EoIP Application Example................................................................................................... 179 Troubleshooting....................................................................................................................181 IP Security..........................................................................................183 General Information ............................................................................................................ 183 Policy Settings...................................................................................................................... 186 Peers..................................................................................................................................... 188 Remote Peer Statistics.......................................................................................................... 190 Installed SAs.........................................................................................................................190 Flushing Installed SA Table................................................................................................. 191 General Information ............................................................................................................ 192 IPIP Tunnel Interfaces.......................................................................199 General Information............................................................................................................. 199 IPIP Setup............................................................................................................................. 200 General Information ............................................................................................................ 201 L2TP Tunnel.......................................................................................203 General Information............................................................................................................. 203 L2TP Client Setup................................................................................................................ 205 Monitoring L2TP Client....................................................................................................... 206 iv
L2TP Server Setup............................................................................................................... 207 L2TP Tunnel Interfaces........................................................................................................ 208 L2TP Application Examples................................................................................................ 209 Troubleshooting....................................................................................................................213 PPPoE................................................................................................ 215 General Information............................................................................................................. 215 PPPoE Client Setup.............................................................................................................. 217 Monitoring PPPoE Client..................................................................................................... 218 PPPoE Server Setup (Access Concentrator)........................................................................ 219 PPPoE Tunnel Interfaces...................................................................................................... 220 Application Examples.......................................................................................................... 221 Troubleshooting....................................................................................................................223 PPTP Tunnel...................................................................................... 225 General Information............................................................................................................. 225 PPTP Client Setup................................................................................................................ 227 Monitoring PPTP Client....................................................................................................... 228 PPTP Server Setup............................................................................................................... 229 PPTP Tunnel Interfaces........................................................................................................ 230 PPTP Application Examples................................................................................................ 231 Troubleshooting....................................................................................................................236 VLAN.................................................................................................. 237 General Information............................................................................................................. 237 VLAN Setup......................................................................................................................... 239 Application Example............................................................................................................ 239 Graphing............................................................................................ 241 General Information............................................................................................................. 241 General Options....................................................................................................................242 Health Graphing................................................................................................................... 242 Interface Graphing................................................................................................................243 Simple Queue Graphing....................................................................................................... 243 Resource Graphing............................................................................................................... 244 HotSpot User AAA............................................................................ 245 General Information ............................................................................................................ 245 HotSpot User Profiles...........................................................................................................245 HotSpot Users.......................................................................................................................247 HotSpot Active Users........................................................................................................... 249 IP accounting.....................................................................................251 General Information ............................................................................................................ 251 Local IP Traffic Accounting.................................................................................................251 Local IP Traffic Accounting Table...................................................................................... 252 Web Access to the Local IP Traffic Accounting Table........................................................253 Uncounted Connections....................................................................................................... 254 PPP User AAA................................................................................... 255 General Information ............................................................................................................ 255 Local PPP User Profiles....................................................................................................... 256 Local PPP User Database..................................................................................................... 258 Monitoring Active PPP Users.............................................................................................. 259 v
PPP User Remote AAA........................................................................................................260 Router User AAA............................................................................... 262 General Information ............................................................................................................ 262 Router User Groups.............................................................................................................. 263 Router Users......................................................................................................................... 264 Monitoring Active Router Users.......................................................................................... 265 Router User Remote AAA................................................................................................... 266 SSH keys.............................................................................................................................. 266 Traffic Flow........................................................................................ 268 General Information............................................................................................................. 268 General Configuration.......................................................................................................... 269 Traffic-Flow Target.............................................................................................................. 269 General Information ............................................................................................................ 269 Log Management...............................................................................273 General Information ............................................................................................................ 273 General Settings................................................................................................................... 273 Actions..................................................................................................................................274 Log Messages....................................................................................................................... 275 Bandwidth Control............................................................................ 277 General Information ............................................................................................................ 277 Queue Types......................................................................................................................... 289 Interface Default Queues...................................................................................................... 293 Simple Queues......................................................................................................................293 Queue Trees..........................................................................................................................295 General Information ............................................................................................................ 295 Filter................................................................................................... 302 General Information ............................................................................................................ 302 Firewall Filter....................................................................................................................... 303 Filter Applications................................................................................................................ 309 Address Lists.................................................................................... 311 General Information ............................................................................................................ 311 Address Lists........................................................................................................................ 311 Mangle................................................................................................ 313 General Information ............................................................................................................ 313 Mangle.................................................................................................................................. 313 General Information ............................................................................................................ 319 NAT..................................................................................................... 321 General Information ............................................................................................................ 321 NAT...................................................................................................................................... 321 NAT Applications................................................................................................................ 327 Packet Flow....................................................................................... 329 General Information............................................................................................................. 329 Packet Flow.......................................................................................................................... 329 Connection Tracking............................................................................................................ 332 Connection Timeouts........................................................................................................... 333 Service Ports......................................................................................................................... 335 vi
General Firewall Information............................................................................................... 335 Services, Protocols, and Ports........................................................ 337 General Information ............................................................................................................ 337 Modifying Service Settings.................................................................................................. 337 List of Services..................................................................................................................... 338 DHCP Client and Server................................................................... 340 General Information ............................................................................................................ 341 DHCP Client Setup.............................................................................................................. 342 DHCP Server Setup.............................................................................................................. 344 Store Leases on Disk............................................................................................................ 346 DHCP Networks................................................................................................................... 347 DHCP Server Leases............................................................................................................ 348 DHCP Alert.......................................................................................................................... 350 DHCP Option....................................................................................................................... 351 DHCP Relay......................................................................................................................... 352 Question&Answer-Based Setup........................................................................................... 352 General Information ............................................................................................................ 354 DNS Client and Cache...................................................................... 358 General Information ............................................................................................................ 358 DNS Cache Setup................................................................................................................. 359 Cache Monitoring................................................................................................................. 360 All DNS Entries....................................................................................................................360 Static DNS Entries................................................................................................................360 Flushing DNS cache............................................................................................................. 361 HotSpot Gateway.............................................................................. 362 General Information............................................................................................................. 363 Question&Answer-Based Setup........................................................................................... 369 HotSpot Interface Setup....................................................................................................... 370 HotSpot Server Profiles........................................................................................................ 371 HotSpot User Profiles...........................................................................................................373 HotSpot Users.......................................................................................................................374 HotSpot Active Users........................................................................................................... 374 HotSpot Cookies.................................................................................................................. 374 HTTP-level Walled Garden..................................................................................................375 IP-level Walled Garden........................................................................................................ 376 One-to-one NAT static address bindings............................................................................. 377 Active Host List....................................................................................................................377 Service Port.......................................................................................................................... 378 Customizing HotSpot: Firewall Section............................................................................... 379 Customizing HotSpot: HTTP Servlet Pages........................................................................ 382 Possible Error Messages.......................................................................................................391 HotSpot How-tos................................................................................................................. 392 Web Proxy..........................................................................................394 General Information ............................................................................................................ 395 Setup..................................................................................................................................... 396 Proxy Monitoring................................................................................................................. 397 Access List........................................................................................................................... 398 vii
Direct Access List................................................................................................................ 399 Cache Management.............................................................................................................. 400 Connection List.................................................................................................................... 400 Cache Contents..................................................................................................................... 401 Cache inserts.........................................................................................................................401 Cache Lookups..................................................................................................................... 402 Complementary Tools.......................................................................................................... 402 Transparent Mode.................................................................................................................402 HTTP Methods..................................................................................................................... 403 IP Pools.............................................................................................. 405 General Information ............................................................................................................ 405 Setup..................................................................................................................................... 405 Used Addresses from Pool................................................................................................... 406 SOCKS Proxy Server........................................................................ 407 General Information ............................................................................................................ 407 SOCKS Configuration..........................................................................................................408 Access List........................................................................................................................... 408 Active Connections.............................................................................................................. 409 General Information ............................................................................................................ 410 UPnP...................................................................................................412 General Information ............................................................................................................ 412 Enabling Universal Plug-n-Play........................................................................................... 413 UPnP Interfaces.................................................................................................................... 413 Certificate Management.................................................................... 416 General Information ............................................................................................................ 416 Certificates............................................................................................................................417 DDNS Update Tool............................................................................ 420 General Information ............................................................................................................ 420 Dynamic DNS Update.......................................................................................................... 420 GPS Synchronization........................................................................422 General Information ............................................................................................................ 422 Synchronizing with a GPS Receiver.................................................................................... 423 GPS Monitoring................................................................................................................... 424 LCD Management.............................................................................. 425 General Information ............................................................................................................ 425 Configuring the LCDs Settings........................................................................................... 427 LCD Information Display Configuration............................................................................. 428 LCD Troubleshooting...........................................................................................................429 MNDP..................................................................................................430 General Information ............................................................................................................ 430 Setup..................................................................................................................................... 431 Neighbour List......................................................................................................................431 System Clock and Simple SNTP Client........................................... 433 System Clock........................................................................................................................433 Manual Time Zone Settings................................................................................................. 434 Simple SNTP Client............................................................................................................. 435 viii
NTP Server and Client...................................................................... 437 General Information ............................................................................................................ 437 Client.................................................................................................................................... 438 Server....................................................................................................................................439 Support Output File.......................................................................... 440 General Information ............................................................................................................ 440 Generating Support Output File........................................................................................... 440 System Resource Management....................................................... 441 General Information ............................................................................................................ 441 System Resource.................................................................................................................. 442 IRQ Usage Monitor.............................................................................................................. 442 IO Port Usage Monitor......................................................................................................... 443 USB Port Information.......................................................................................................... 443 PCI Information....................................................................................................................444 Reboot.................................................................................................................................. 445 Shutdown.............................................................................................................................. 445 Router Identity......................................................................................................................446 Configuration Change History............................................................................................. 446 System Note......................................................................................................................... 447 Bandwidth Test................................................................................. 448 General Information............................................................................................................. 448 Server Configuration............................................................................................................ 449 Client Configuration............................................................................................................. 450 ICMP Bandwidth Test....................................................................... 452 General Information ............................................................................................................ 452 ICMP Bandwidth Test.......................................................................................................... 452 Packet Sniffer.................................................................................... 454 General Information............................................................................................................. 454 Packet Sniffer Configuration................................................................................................ 455 Running Packet Sniffer........................................................................................................ 456 Sniffed Packets..................................................................................................................... 456 Packet Sniffer Protocols....................................................................................................... 458 Packet Sniffer Host...............................................................................................................460 Packet Sniffer Connections.................................................................................................. 460 Ping.................................................................................................... 462 General Information............................................................................................................. 462 The Ping Command.............................................................................................................. 462 MAC Ping Server................................................................................................................. 464 Torch (Realtime Traffic Monitor)...................................................... 465 General Information............................................................................................................. 465 The Torch Command............................................................................................................465 Traceroute..........................................................................................467 General Information............................................................................................................. 467 The Traceroute Command.................................................................................................... 467 System Watchdog............................................................................. 469 General Information ............................................................................................................ 469 ix