Land Rover Body And Paint Air Bag And Safety Belt Rover Manual
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the ATCM also automatically sets the air source to recirculated air, blower speed to maximum and distribution to face. When maximum hot is selected, the ATCM also automatically sets the air source to fresh air, blower speed to maximum and distribution to footwell. •LH and RH Seat Heater Switches: Activates the heater elements in the seat cushion and seat back at one of two heat levels. The first press of the switch energizes the heater elements at the higher heat setting and illuminates two LED in the switch. A second press of the switch sets the heater elements to the lower heat setting and extinguishes one of the LEDs. A further press of the switch de-energizes the heater elements and extinguishes the second LED. The seat heaters remain on until selected off or the ignition is switched off. •Blower Switch: For manual adjustment of blower speed. The switch can rotate through 240°, from off to maximum speed. Eight primary detents define the off position and seven blower speeds. Minor detents define small steps between the primary detents. When blower speed is manually adjusted, amber LEDs in the switch surround illuminate to indicate the selected blower speed. The LEDs remain off when blower speed is under automatic control. •Automatic Mode Switch: Activates the automatic modes for the A/C system, blower speed and distribution. Separate amber LEDs in the automatic mode switch illuminate to show when the blower and the distribution are in automatic mode. Manually selecting the blower speed or a distribution switch extinguishes the related LED. •Programmed Defrost Switch: Activates a program that automatically selects: inlet air to fresh air; distribution to screen only; blower to speed 5; rear screen heater on; windshield heater on (where fitted), A/C system to automatic mode. An amber LED in the switch is illuminated while the defrost program is active. •Windshield Heater Switch: Energizes the windshield heater for a set time period, until the switch is pressed again or until the engine stops, whichever occurs first. An amber LED in the switch is illuminated while the heater is on. •Rear Window Heater Switch: Enabled only with the engine running. Pressing the switch energizes the rear window heater for a set time period, until the switch is pressed again or until the engine stops, whichever occurs first. An amber LED in the switch is illuminated while the heater is on. •Auxiliary Climate Control Switch: Cycles the auxiliary climate control system through the three operating states of manual mode, automatic mode and off. Two amber LEDs in the switch illuminate to indicate the operating state: one LED is illuminated for manual mode and two are illuminated for automatic mode. •Off Switch:Switches off all of the functions controlled by the ATCM (all tell-tale LEDs are extinguished). The temperature blend door is set to the full cold position (if the A/C system is in the automatic mode, if the A/C system is in the economy mode the current door position is retained); the air source is set to recirculation; the current distribution settings are retained; the blower speed is set to zero. Where fitted, the seat heater switches and the auxiliary climate control switch can still be operated without re-activating the ATCM. The ATCM is re-activated, with all functions in the previous operating state, by a second press of the off switch or by pressing the economy switch. The ATCM can also be re-activated, with the associated effect, by the following switches: •The automatic mode switch. •Any air distribution switch. •The blower switch. •The programmed defrost switch. •The recirculation switch. (G421238) Technical Training42 Lesson 2 – ElectricalControl Components
•Economy Switch: Reduces the A/C compressor output to a minimum displacement condition x 5%, reducing the engine load required to operate the A/C compressor. An amber LED in the switch is illuminated when the economy mode is selected on. •Recirculation Switch: For selection of fresh or recirculated air. On models without pollution sensing, an amber LED in the switch is illuminated when recirculated air is selected. On models with pollution sensing, the recirculation switch incorporates two amber LED. The first press of the switch sets the recirculation flaps to automatic mode and illuminates one LED. A second press of the switch manually selects recirculated air and illuminates the second LED. A further press of the switch manually selects fresh air and extinguishes the two LED. •Distribution Switches (Windshield, Face and Footwell): For manual selection of air distribution in any combination of windshield, face and footwell outlets. Each switch has a LED which illuminates when the related distribution mode is selected. • Inputs and Outputs Four electrical connectors provide the interface between the ATCM and the vehicle wiring. The control system sensors provide hardwired inputs to the ATCM. The ATCM also uses the LIN bus to communicate with the auxiliary climate control system and the door motors in the heater assembly, and the medium speed CAN bus to communicate with other control modules on the vehicle. ATCM Harness Connectors NOTE: A = C1629; B = C1630; C = C2655; D = C2295 Control ComponentsLesson 2 – Electrical 43Technical Training (G421238)
ATCM Harness Connector C1629 Pin Details Input/OutputSystemDescriptionPin No. AutomaticManual OutputYesYesSensor 5V reference voltage (refri- gerant pressure, humidity, sunlight as applicable) 1 InputYesNoPollution sensor NOx signal2 Input/OutputYesNoIn-vehicle temperature sensor signal3 InputYesYesRefrigerant pressure sensor signal4 InputYesNoSunlight sensor RH signal5 OutputYesNoPollution sensor PWM signal6 OutputYesYesBlower relay coil7 ---Not used8 Input/OutputYesYesMedium speed CAN bus low9 Input/OutputYesYesMedium speed CAN bus high10 OutputYesNoPollution sensor power feed11 ---Not used12 InputYesYesSensor ground (refrigerant pressure, ambient air temperature, pollution, humidity, in-vehicle temperature and front seat temperature, as applicable) 13 InputYesNoPollution sensor HC/CO signal14 InputYesYesAmbient air temperature sensor signal15 InputYesNoHumidity sensor signal16 InputYesNoSunlight sensor LH signal17 InputYesYesWindshield heater relay18 InputYesYesWasher jets/exterior mirrors heater relay 19 Input/OutputYesYesLIN bus (on models with auxiliary climate control) 20 Input/OutputYesYesMedium speed CAN bus low21 (G421238) Technical Training44 Lesson 2 – ElectricalControl Components
Input/OutputSystemDescriptionPin No. AutomaticManual Input/OutputYesYesMedium speed CAN bus high22 InputYesYesCompressor solenoid valve -23 OutputYesYesCompressor solenoid valve +24 ATCM Harness Connector C1630 Pin Details Input/OutputSystemDescriptionPin No. AutomaticManual ---Not used1 and 2 Input/OutputYesYesRecirculation motor power feed/ ground 3 Input/OutputYesYesRecirculation motor power feed/ ground 4 ---Not used5 to 8 InputYesYesRecirculation door motor feedback potentiometer signal 9 ---Not used10 InputYesYesDistribution and temperature blend motor ground 11 OutputYesYesSensor power feed (evaporator temperature, recirculation motor feedback, as applicable) 12 OutputYesYesDistribution and temperature blend motor power 13 Input/OutputYesYesDistribution and temperature blend motor LIN bus 14 ---Not used15 and 16 OutputYesYesBlower module power drive17 InputYesYesBlower motor voltage sense18 ---Not used19 Control ComponentsLesson 2 – Electrical 45Technical Training (G421238)
Input/OutputSystemDescriptionPin No. AutomaticManual InputYesYesEvaporator temperature sensor signal20 ---Not used21 to 23 InputYesYesRecirculation door motor ground24 ATCM Harness Connector C2295 Pin Details Input/OutputSystemDescriptionPin No. AutomaticManual InputYesYesSeat heater power supply, right1 InputYesYesSeat heater power supply, left2 OutputYesYesPower supply to right front seat heaters 3 InputYesYesRight front seat temperature sensor4 InputYesYesLeft front seat temperature sensor5 OutputYesYesPower supply to right front seat heaters 6 ATCM Harness Connector C2655 Pin Details Input/OutputSystemDescriptionPin No. AutomaticManual InputYesYesPermanent battery power supply1 ---Not used2 OutputYesYesGround3 (G421238) Technical Training46 Lesson 2 – ElectricalControl Components
AMBIENT AIR TEMPERATURE SENSOR The ambient temperature sensor is a Negative Temperature Coefficient (NTC) thermistor that provides the ATCM with an input of external air temperature. The sensor is attached to a bracket on the rear of the bumper beam, on the vehicle center-line. REFRIGERANT PRESSURE SENSOR The refrigerant pressure sensor provides the ATCM with a pressure input from the high pressure side of the refrigerant system. The refrigerant pressure sensor is located in the refrigerant line between the condenser and the thermostatic expansion valve. The ATCM supplies a 5 V reference voltage to the refrigerant pressure sensor and receives a return signal voltage, between 0 and 5 V, related to system pressure. The ATCM uses the signal from the refrigerant pressure sensor to protect the refrigerant system from extremes of pressure and to calculate A/C compressor load on the engine. The ATCM also transmits the A/C compressor load value to the Engine Control Module (ECM), via the medium speed CAN bus, instrument pack and high speed CAN bus, for use in controlling the speed of the engine cooling fan. To protect the system from extremes of pressure, the ATCM sets the A/C compressor to the minimum flow position if the pressure: •Decreases to 1.9 ± 0.2 bar (27.5 ± 3 lbf/in2): the ATCM loads the A/C compressor again when the pressure increases to 2.8 ± 0.2 bar (40.5 ± 3 lbf/in2). •Increases to 33 ± 1 bar (479 ± 14.5 lbf/in2): the ATCM loads the A/C compressor again when the pressure decreases to 23.5 ± 1 bar (341 ± 14.5 lbf/in2). EVAPORATOR TEMPERATURE SENSOR The evaporator temperature sensor is a NTC thermistor that provides the ATCM with a temperature signal from the downstream side of the evaporator. The evaporator temperature sensor is installed in the right side of the heater assembly casing. Control ComponentsLesson 2 – Electrical 47Technical Training (G421238)
The ATCM uses the input from the evaporator temperature sensor to control the load of the A/C compressor and thus the operating temperature of the evaporator. IN-VEHICLE TEMPERATURE SENSOR The in-vehicle temperature sensor is a NTC thermistor installed behind a grill on the driver side of the center console finisher. The sensor is connected to a tube, the other end of which is connected to a venturi on the side casing of the heater. An air bleed from the heater, through the venturi, induces a flow of air down the tube, which draws cabin air through the grill and over the sensor. HUMIDITY SENSOR (WHERE FITTED) The humidity sensor is a capacitive device integrated into the in-vehicle temperature sensor (see above). The humidity sensor element is built out of a film capacitor on different substrates. The dielectric is a polymer which absorbs or releases water proportional to the relative humidity of the air being drawn through the sensor, and thus changes the capacitance of the capacitor. For protection, the sensor element is contained in a nylon mesh cover. The humidity sensor and the in-vehicle temperature sensor are connected to a Printed Circuit Board inside the sensor housing. The PCB is powered by a 5V feed from the ATCM. Separate signals of temperature and relative humidity are transmitted from the PCB to the ATCM. SUNLIGHT SENSOR The sunlight sensor consists of two photoelectric cells that provide the ATCM with inputs of light intensity, one as sensed coming from the left of the vehicle and one as sensed coming from the right. The inputs are a measure of the solar heating effect on vehicle occupants, and are used by the ATCM to adjust blower speed, temperature and distribution to improve comfort. The sensor is installed in the center of the fascia upper surface and is powered by a 5V feed from the ATCM. POLLUTION SENSOR (G421238) Technical Training48 Lesson 2 – ElectricalControl Components
The pollution sensor allows the ATCM to monitor the ambient air for the level of hydrocarbons and oxidized gases such as nitrous oxides, sulphur oxides and carbon monoxide. The sensor is attached to a bracket on the front-end carrier, at the top left corner of the condenser. The pollution sensor is powered by a battery voltage feed from the ATCM, and returns separate signals of hydrocarbon and oxidized gases. If there is a fault with the pollution sensor, the ATCM disables the automatic operation of the recirculation door. SYSTEM OPERATION A/C Compressor Control The variable displacement A/C compressor is permanently driven by the engine. The flow of refrigerant through the A/C compressor, and the resultant system pressure and evaporator operating temperature, is regulated by the refrigerant solenoid valve. Operation of the refrigerant solenoid valve is controlled by the ATCM using a 400 Hz Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) signal. The duty cycle of the PWM signal is calculated using the following parameters: •A/C compressor torque. •A/C compressor torque maximum. •A/C cooling status. •A/C demand. •A/C refrigerant pressure. •Ambient air temperature. •Blower speed. •Engine cranking status. •Evaporator temperature. •Transmission gear status. When A/C is selected, the ATCM maintains the evaporator at an operating temperature that varies with the in-vehicle cooling requirement. The ATCM increases the evaporator operating temperature, by reducing the refrigerant flow, as the requirement for air cooling decreases, and vice versa. During an increase of evaporator operating temperature, to avoid compromising the dehumidification function, the ATCM controls the rate of temperature increase, which keeps the cabin humidity at a comfortable level. When the economy mode is selected, the PWM signal holds the refrigerant solenoid valve in the minimum flow position, effectively switching off the A/C function. The ATCM incorporates limits for the operating pressure of the refrigerant system. When the system approaches the high pressure limit, the duty cycle of the PWM signal is progressively reduced until the system pressure decreases. When the system pressure falls below the low pressure limit, the duty cycle of the PWM signal is held at its lowest setting, so that the A/C compressor is maintained at the minimum stroke, to avoid depletion of lubricant from the A/C compressor. The protection algorithm is calculated at a high rate, to enable early detection of the rapid pressure changes possible if a system fault develops. A/C Compressor Torque The ATCM uses refrigerant pressure, evaporator temperature and engine speed to calculate the torque being used to drive the A/C compressor. The calculated value is broadcast on the medium speed CAN bus for the Engine Control Module (ECM), which uses the calculated value for idle speed control and fueling control. The ATCM also compares the calculated value with a maximum A/C compressor torque value received from the ECM over the medium speed CAN bus. If the calculated value exceeds the maximum value, the ATCM signals the refrigerant solenoid valve to reduce the refrigerant flow, to reduce the torque being used to drive the A/C compressor. By reducing the maximum Control ComponentsLesson 2 – Electrical 49Technical Training (G421238)
A/C compressor torque value, the ECM is able to reduce the load on the engine when it needs to maintain vehicle performance or cooling system integrity. Idle Speed Control In order to maintain A/C cooling performance, the ATCM requests an increase in engine idle speed if the evaporator temperature starts to rise while the refrigerant solenoid valve is already set to the maximum flow rate. The increase in engine idle speed is requested in three stages, using a medium speed CAN bus message to the Engine Control Module (ECM). The need for a change in idle speed is determined as follows: •If the evaporator temperature increases by 3 °C (5.4 °F), or to 6 °C (10.8 °F) above the target operating temperature, over a 10 seconds period, the first stage of idle speed increase is requested. •When the first stage of idle speed increase is set, if the evaporator temperature increases by 3 °C (5.4 °F), or increases to 12 °C (21.6 °F) above the target operating temperature, over a 9 seconds period, the second stage of idle speed increase is requested. •When the second stage of idle speed increase is set, if the evaporator temperature increases by 3 °C (5.4 °F), or increases to 15 °C (27 °F) above the target operating temperature, over a 10 seconds period, the third stage of idle speed increase is requested. •When an idle speed increase is set, if the evaporator temperature decreases by 3 °C (5.4 °F) over a 10 seconds period, the next stage down of idle speed increase is requested. Electrical Load Management The ATCM manages the vehicle electrical loads to: •Maintain the vehicle battery in a healthy state of charge. •Ensure adequate power is available for defrost demisting during engine warm-up. •Ensure adequate power is available for A/C during extended periods with the engine at idle speed. •To maintain system voltage within acceptable limits. •To provide adequate power to meet customer expectations. Electrical load management is achieved by increasing the engine idle speed and controlling the electrical load of systems that do not affect the driveability or safety of the vehicle. During the engine warm-up period, the ATCM manages the electrical load to make sure that the battery voltage is maintained above a pre-determined level. The battery voltage level that is maintained and the duration of the start period varies with ambient air temperature and engine coolant temperature. After the engine warm-up period, the ATCM manages the electrical load to make sure that the requested electrical load does not exceed the generator output. The duration of the engine warm-up period depends on the ambient air temperature and the engine coolant temperature when the ignition is switched on, as detailed in the following table: Engine Warm-up Times Engine Coolant Temperature, °C (°F)Ambient Air Temper- ature, °C (°F)>60 (>140)>30 to 86 to 10 to 50 to
15151515>10 (>50) 15151515>5 to 41 to 0 to 32 to -10 to 14 to