Cisco Rfgw1d Manual
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Simulcrypt Scrambling 78-4025112-01 Rev H0 177 Simulcrypt Scrambling Simulcrypt scrambling is a scrambling method whereby a single transport stream contains ECMs from different CA Systems. Each CA system uniquely scrambles the same CW in the ECM so that elementary stream bandwidth is not increased. This enables different CA decoder populations to receive and correctly decode the same video and audio streams.
Chapter 13 Encryption and Scrambling 178 78-4025112-01 Rev H0 Timing Parameters When the EIS triggers the SCS to start a new CA event using a SCG (ID 1) provisioning message, the SCS requests a CW (CW 1) from the CWG. Once the SCS receives the CW from the CWG, the SCS sends the CW together with the AC and ECM ID extracted from the SCG provisioning message to the ECMG. The ECMG encrypts the CW and AC and encapsulates this data into an ECM. The ECMG sends this ECM to the SCS. At a certain time before (t1-t2) starting the CA event (activation time), the SCS starts sending ECMs for the first Crypto Period at regular times to the multiplexer. Transition Start Delay (t1-t2): represents the amount of time between the start of the first Crypto Period following a clear to scrambled transition, and the start of the broadcasting of the ECM attached to this period. The multiplexer multiplexes these ECMs directly into the outgoing Transport Stream. At the same time, a CA descriptor containing the ECM Packet Identifier (PID) is inserted into the PMT of the transport stream. The Transition Start Delay must match the time the descrambler needs to decapsulate the ECM PID from the PMT and to decrypt the CW and AC. At the start (t2) of the first Crypto Period (CP 1), the set top box starts descrambling the scrambled service using CW 1. At a certain time (t3-t5) before the end of running Crypto Period (CP 1), the SCS stops transmitting ECMs attached to this CP and at a certain time (t4-t5) before the next Crypto Period (CP 2), the SCS starts transmitting ECMs for CP 2. Stop Delay (t3-t5): represents the amount of time between the end of a Crypto Period and the end of the broadcasting of the ECM attached to this period. Start Delay (t4-t5): represents the amount of time between the start of a Crypto Period and the start of the broadcasting of the ECM attached to this period.
Timing Parameters 78-4025112-01 Rev H0 179 When the SCS receives an SCG provisioning message update from the EIS indicating the end of the running CA event, the synchronizer extends the last Crypto Period until the end of the activation time extracted from the SCG provisioning message update. Once the activation time (tl) is reached, the set top box stops descrambling the service. The SCS stops transmitting ECMs attached to this last Crypto Period at time (tl+1). Transition Stop Delay (tl-tl+1): represents the amount of time between the end of last Crypto Period preceding a scrambled to clear transition, and the end of the broadcasting of the ECM attached to this period. When the SCS receives a SCG provisioning message containing another AC for the service(s), the synchronizer stops sending ECMs containing the previous AC at time t6 in the last Crypto Period and starts sending ECMs with the new AC at time (t7). AC Start Delay (t7-t8): represents the amount of time between the start of the first Crypto Period following a change in the AC and the start of the broadcasting of the ECM attached to this period. AC Stop Delay (t6-t8): represents the amount of time between the end of the lastCrypto Period preceding a change in AC and the end of the broadcasting of the ECM attached to this period. During the connection setup between the SCS and the ECMG, the SCS receives a Channel Status Message containing particular timing parameters. When timing parameters are missing or inaccurate, the Scrambler ECMG settings allow overruling these parameters. When a subscriber tunes into a scrambled service in a particular Crypto Period, the scrambler is not able to scramble the service during the rest of this Crypto period because he has only the CW for the next period. To solve this problem, an ECM can be provided with more than one CW. CA Systems allow 1 or 2 CWs in an ECM, for example, the CW of the current Crypto Period and the CW of the next period.
Chapter 13 Encryption and Scrambling 180 78-4025112-01 Rev H0 Steps To Take Before scrambling can be used, the following steps must be completed. 1 Prerequisite Configurations a Configure the GbE input ports, including Video/Data IP address. For information regarding GbE Interface Configuration, see the Cisco RF Gateway 1 Configuration Guide, part number 78-4025112-01. b Configure the QAM outputs. For information regarding Enabling QAM Ports, see the Cisco RF Gateway 1 Configuration Guide, part number 78- 4025112-01. Note: ONID and TSID must match EIS settings for CVC simulcrypt. c Configure Channel Application Mode (SDV for CVC simulcrypt operation, Video for VOD map mode). For information regarding Channel Application Mode, see the Cisco RF Gateway 1 Configuration Guide, part number 78- 4025112-01. 2 Simulcrypt Controller Configurations a Configure Scrambling General Parameters. Refer to Configuring Scrambling General Settings (on page 182). Note: For CVC simulcrypt, Core Encryption should be set to DVB CSA. b Configure Scrambling Specific Parameters. Refer to Configuring Scrambling Specific Parameters (on page 183). c Assign one or multiple ECMG(s) to the RFGW-1 and configure the ECMG- specific parameters. Refer to Entitlement Control Message Generators (on page 183). Note: CVC Simulcrypt should use ECM ID instead of Auto to satisfy reference AC requirements. d Assign one or multiple EIS(s) to the RFGW-1 and configure the EIS-specific parameters. Refer to Event Information Schedulers (on page 198). Configuring Broadcast Scrambling and Dual Encryption Broadcast Follow instructions below to select scrambler parameters. 1 Navigate to the System Configuration page.
Steps To Take 78-4025112-01 Rev H0 181 Result: The following page is displayed. 2 Configure Broadcast Scrambling parameter as Enabled/Disabled. Result: The following pop-up message is displayed. 3 Configure Dual Encryption Broadcast as Enabled/Disabled. This parameter is editable, only if the Broadcast Scrambling parameter is set as Enabled. Result: The following pop-up message is displayed. 4 Click Apply to accept or Reset to abort. Note: Changing the broadcast scrambling parameter is allowed only if there are no active sessions. Any change to these two parameters will trigger an automatic configuration save and will reboot the RF Gateway.
Chapter 13 Encryption and Scrambling 182 78-4025112-01 Rev H0 Configuring Scrambling General Settings General Settings Parameters The following table describes the General Settings parameters. Parameter Description Scramble Video and Audio The RFGW-1 can scramble all components of a service or only the video and audio component of a service (in case of service level scrambling). Check SCG at Provision Time When this parameter is on and the SCS receives a SCG provisioning message from the EIS, the RFGW-1 checks the presence of the elementary streams/service(s) in the incoming transport stream with the service(s) listed in the SCG provisioning message. If the incoming transport stream contains the service(s), the SCS accepts the SCG. If not, the SCS refuses the SCG and returns an error message to the EIS. When switched off, the RFGW-1 checks the transport stream for service(s) present (activation time). The scrambler starts the scrambling process for service(s). Strong Pairing Enforcement Switches on or off the NDS strong pairing enforcement. SCG Persistence Allows the SCGs to be stored on the device so that they are available after reboot. Active Core Encryption Shows the correct firmware encryption algorithm. Core Encryption Algorithm Selects DES (PowerKEY), or DVB-CS for simulcrypt. Scrambled ECMG Streams Displays the scrambled stream count on the RFGW-1. Selecting Scrambler Parameters Follow instructions below to select scrambler parameters. 1 Navigate to the System/Scrambler page. Result: The following page is displayed. 2 Click the check box next to the parameter you want to activate. 3 Click Apply to accept or Reset to abort.
Steps To Take 78-4025112-01 Rev H0 183 Configuring Scrambling Specific Parameters About the SCS Configuration GUI The SCS allows configuraing the scrambling specific parameters and assigning the following CA interfaces: ECMG interfaces EIS interfaces Note: The number of CA interfaces that can be assigned to a RF Gateway 1 using the SCS configurator is restricted to 40. Entitlement Control Message Generators To establish communication between the SCS of the RFGW-1 and an ECMG, a TCP connection has to be made followed by a channel set up. During the connection process, the SCS requires the IP address and port number of the ECMG to establish the TCP connection, and needs a channel identifier to set up a channel. The operator can determine this channel identifier or the SCS can pick a channel identifier from the free channel identification pool. The SCS also requires mapping between the Super CAS ID, which is a concatenation of the CA system identifier, subsystem identifier, and the communication parameters. Once the channel is established and the EIS triggers the SCS to request ECMs from the ECMG, an ECM stream is set up. The number of ECM streams that can be set up between the SCS and the ECMG within one channel is limited and depends on the CA System. Load Balancing For backup and/or load sharing purposes, several ECMGs can be connected to the RFGW-1. The priority assigned to the communication channel determines if the ECMGs are used in load balancing or in backup mode. When the channel priorities of the ECMGs are equal, the ECMGs work in load sharing mode. When the priority differs, the ECMG with highest priority (= lowest number) acts as the main ECMG and the ECMG with the lowest priority acts as backup.
Chapter 13 Encryption and Scrambling 184 78-4025112-01 Rev H0 Whenever the RFGW-1 sets up a new ECM stream, it selects a connected ECMG. It then selects the ECMG connection with the highest priority that has available ECM capacity. If the generators have an equal priority, the one with available ECM capacity and the least open streams will be selected. When the load on an ECMG decreases, ECM streams will not automatically spread over equal priority ECMGs. As soon as the channel connection with an ECMG is broken, or the ECMG runs out of ECMG capacity, a new ECMG is selected according to the criteria above. The ECMG working modes can be combined. For example, two generators with the same priority (load sharing mode) can be combined with a generator that has a lower priority (backup mode). Note: If capacity is unavailable, the ECM stream will not be set up and the service(s) can not be scrambled. Examples Load Sharing Suppose an application has two ECMGs (IP A and B) with the same priority (prio 1), and has a capacity of 10 streams. During stream setup, the streams are spread over the ECMGs as follows: - IP A: streams 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 - IP B: streams 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 When the RFGW-1 stops scrambling a number of services (corresponding streams 5, 7, and 9), no stream balancing is done. - IP A: streams 1, 3 - IP B: streams 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 ECMG backup In our application, ECMG IP A has priority 1 and IP B priority 2. The streams are shared as follows: - IP A: streams 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 - IP B: streams If IP A fails, IP B takes over the load. - IP A: streams - IP B: streams 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 If IP A restores: - IP A: streams 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 - IP B: streams When an additional stream is required, capacity will be taken from IP B.
Steps To Take 78-4025112-01 Rev H0 185 - IP A: streams 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 - IP B: streams 11 Load Sharing and ECMG Backup Suppose an application has three ECMGs (IP A, B, and C) with a capacity of 10 streams. IP A and B have priority 1 and IP C priority 2. During stream setup, the streams are spread over the ECMGs as follows: - IP A (prio 1): streams 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 - IP B (prio 1): streams 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 - IP C (prio 2): streams If IP A fails, the full capacity of IP B will be used and the remainder of the capacity of IP C will be used. - IP A (prio 1): streams - IP B (prio 1): streams 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 1 ,3, 5, 7, 9 - IP C (prio 1): streams 11
Chapter 13 Encryption and Scrambling 186 78-4025112-01 Rev H0 Adding an ECMG Follow the instructions below to add an ECMG. 1 Navigate to the System/Scrambler page. Result: The following page is displayed. 2 Click the + to expand the window and select ECMG Configuration. Result: The following page is displayed. 3 To add a new ECMG, click Add New ECMG. Note: To select an ECMG you have already created, click Edit.