Land Rover Range Rover 98my Owners Nas Rover Manual
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181 This section of the handbook is devoted to your vehicles superb off-road driving capabilities. Before venturing off-road however, it is absolutely essentialthat inexperienced drivers become fully familiar with the vehicles controls, in particular the transfer gearbox, and also study the off-road driving techniques described on the following pages. SECTION 7 Off-road driving Section Contents Page Basic off-road techniques 181........................ Driving on soft surfaces & dry sand 184........ Driving on slippery surfaces 184.................... Driving on rough tracks 184........................... Climbing steep slopes 185.............................. Descending steep slopes 186......................... Traversing a slope 187................................... Negotiating a V shaped gulley 187................ Driving in existing vehicle tracks 187.............. Crossing a ridge 188...................................... Crossing a ditch 188....................................... Wading 188....................................................
Off-road driving 183 WARNING Off-road driving can be hazardous! ·DO NOT take unnecessary risks. ·Be prepared for emergencies at all times. ·Your Range Rover has higher ground clearance and hence a higher centre of gravity than an ordinary passenger car. An abrupt manoeuvre at an inappropriate speed or on an unstable surface could cause the vehicle to go out of control. ·Familiarise yourself with the recommended driving techniques in order to minimise risks to yourself, your vehicle AND your passengers. ·Remove the CD autochanger before arduous off-road driving. ·Always ensure that seat belts are worn for personal protection in all off-road driving conditions. ·DO NOT drive if the fuel level is low - undulating ground and steep inclines could cause fuel starvation to the engine and consequent damage to the catalytic converter. ·DO NOT drive off-road alone or without letting someone know where you are going and when you plan to return.BASIC OFF-ROAD TECHNIQUES These basic driving techniques are an introduction to the art of off-road driving and do not necessarily provide the information needed to successfully cope with every single off-road situation. We strongly recommend that owners who intend to drive off-road frequently, should seek as much additional information and practical experience as possible. Gear selection With the gearshift lever set at D, the gearbox automatically provides the correct gear for the appropriate gear range selected (HIGH or LOW). Remember that position 1 will hold the gearbox in first gear to give maximum engine braking when required. HIGH range gears should be used whenever possible; only change to the LOW range when ground conditions become very difficult. Uncontrolled spinning of individual wheels will be limited by the viscous coupling unit which is combined with the centre differential. Braking As far as possible, vehicle speed should be controlled through correct gear selection. Application of the brake pedal should be kept to an absolute minimum. Harsh braking on wet, muddy or loose surfaces could prove dangerous. NOTE:If the correct gear and gear range has been selected, braking will be largely unnecessary.
Off-road driving 184 Use of engine for braking Before descending steep slopes, stop the vehicle at least its length before the descent, move the gearshift lever to N, engage LOW range and then select 1 or 2 in the main gearbox depending on the severity of the incline. While descending the slope it should be remembered that the engine will provide sufficient braking effort to control the rate of descent, and that the brakes should not be applied. Accelerating Use the accelerator with care; any sudden surge of power may induce wheel spin and result in loss of control of the vehicle. Steering WARNING DO NOT hold the steering wheel with your thumbs inside the rim; a sudden kick of the wheel as the vehicle negotiates a rut or boulder could seriously injure them. ALWAYS grip the wheel on the outside of the rim (as shown) when traversing uneven ground.Survey the ground before driving Before negotiating difficult terrain, it is wise to carry out a preliminary survey on foot. This will minimise the risk of your vehicle getting into difficulty through a previously unnoticed hazard. Ground clearance For serious off-road driving ALWAYS remove the bib spoiler extension from the front bumper (if fitted). Dont forget to allow for ground clearance beneath the chassis, axles, and under the front and rear bumpers. Note that the axle differentials are situated BELOW the chassis and are positioned slightly to the LEFT of the centre of the vehicle. Note also that there are other parts of the vehicle which may come into contact with the ground; where possible attempt to avoid obstacles that may foul the chassis or differentials. Ground clearance is particularly important at the bottom of a steep slope, or where wheel ruts are unusually deep and where sudden changes in the slope of the ground are experienced. On soft ground, the axle differentials will clear their own path in all but the most difficult conditions. However, on frozen, rocky or hard ground, if the vehicles progress is halted as a result of grounding of the chassis, this will cause the vehicle to rise automatically to the Extended profile ride height position. (see Air suspensionfor further details).
Off-road driving 185 Loss of traction If the vehicle is immobile due to loss of wheel grip, the following hints could be of value: ·Avoid prolonged wheel spin; this will only make matters worse. The electronic traction control (ETC) will prevent rear wheel spin; drive will be diverted from a spinning wheel and the remaining wheel will then provide the traction necessary to overcome difficult driving conditions. ·Remove obstacles rather than forcing the vehicle across them. ·Clear clogged tyre treads. ·Reverse as far as possible, then attempt an increased speed approach; additional momentum may overcome the obstacle. ·Brushwood, sacking or any similar material placed in front of the tyres may improve tyre grip.IMPORTANT INFORMATION After driving off-road Before rejoining the public highway, or driving at speeds above 25 mph (40 km/h), consideration should be given to the following: ·Wheels and tyres must be cleaned of mud and inspected for damage - ensure there are no lumps or bulges in the tyres or exposure of the ply or cord structure. ·Brake discs and calipers should be examined and any stones or grit that may affect braking efficiency removed. Servicing requirements Vehicles operated in arduous conditions, particularly on dusty, muddy or wet terrain, and vehicles undergoing frequent or deep wading conditions will require more frequent servicing. SeeOwner maintenanceand contact a Land Rover dealer for advice. In addition: After wading in salt water or driving on sandy beaches, use a hose to thoroughly wash the underbody components and any exposed body panels with fresh water. This will help to protect the vehicles cosmetic appearance.
Off-road driving 186 DRIVING ON SOFT SURFACES & DRY SAND The ideal technique for driving on soft ground and dry sand requires the vehicle to be kept moving at all times; soft ground and sand causes excessive drag on the wheels, resulting in a rapid loss of motion once driving momentum is lost. For this reason, gear changing should be avoided. Select the highest suitable gear and REMAIN in that gear until a firm surface is reached. It is generally advisable to use LOW range gears, as these will enable you to accelerate through worsening conditions without the risk of being unable to restart. Stopping the vehicle on soft ground If you do stop the vehicle, remember: Starting on an incline or in soft ground or sand may be difficult. Always park on a firm, level area, or with the vehicle facing downhill. To avoid wheel spin, select D position (or 4 if in LOW range) and use the MINIMUM throttle necessary to get the vehicle moving. In LOW range, select MANUAL mode. (see Automatic transmissionfor further information). If forward motion is lost, avoid excessive use of the throttle; this will cause wheel spin and tend to dig the vehicle into the sand. Clear sand from around the tyres and ensure that the chassis and axles are not bearing on the sand before again attempting to move.If the wheels have sunk, use an air bag lifting device or high lift jack to raise the vehicle, and then build up sand under the wheels so that the vehicle is again on level ground. If a restart is not possible, place sand mats or ladders beneath the wheels. DRIVING ON SLIPPERY SURFACES (ice, snow, mud or wet grass) Select D (or 4 if in LOW range). In LOW range, also select MANUAL mode. (see Automatic transmissionfor further information). Drive away using the MINIMUM throttle possible. Drive slowly at all times, keeping braking to a minimum and avoiding violent movements of the steering wheel. DRIVING ON ROUGH TRACKS On very rough tracks, engage the LOW gear range to enable a steady, low speed to be maintained without constant use of the brake pedal.
Off-road driving 187 CLIMBING STEEP SLOPES ALWAYS follow the line of the slope; travelling diagonally could encourage the vehicle to slide broadside down the slope. Steep climbs will usually require the LOW gear range. If the surface is loose or slippery, use sufficient speed in the highest practical gear to take advantage of the vehicles momentum. However, too high a speed over a bumpy surface may result in a wheel lifting, causing the vehicle to lose traction. In this case try a slower approach. Traction can also be improved by easing off the accelerator just before loss of forward motion. If the vehicle is unable to complete a climb, do not attempt to turn it around while on the slope. Instead, adopt the following procedure to reverse downhill to the foot of the slope. 1.Hold the vehicle stationary using both foot and handbrakes. 2.Restart the engine if necessary. 3.Engage LOW range reverse gear. 4.Release the handbrake. Then release the foot brake and allow the vehicle to reverse down the slope using engine braking to control the rate of descent.5.Unless it is necessary to stop the vehicle in order to negotiate obstructions, DO NOT apply the brake pedal during the descent. 6.If the vehicle begins to slide, accelerate slightly to allow the tyres to regain grip. When the vehicle is back on level ground or traction can be regained, a faster approach will probably enable the hill to be climbed. However, DO NOT take unnecessary risks, if the hill is too difficult to climb, find an alternative route. WARNING The engine must be restarted before reversing down the slope as there will be no braking effect from the gearbox unless the engine is running.