Land Rover Defender 90 110 130 Workshop 1997 Rover Manual

							General data 
TYRE SIZE AND PRESSURES 
90 models: Front Rear 
Normal-all load conditions 
205 R16 radial ................................................ 1,9 bar 2,4 bar 
& 265n5 R16 radial (multi-terrain) 281bf/in2 35 lbf/in2 
2,5 kgf/cm2 
2,75 bar 
2,0 kgf/cm2 
750 R16 radial ................................................ 1,9 bar 
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Tyre pressures must be checked with the 
tyres cold, as the pressure is about 0.21 bar 
(3 lbflirf) 0.2 kgflcni higher at running 
temperature. If the vehicle has been parked 
in the sun or high ambient temperatures, DO 
NOT reduce the tyre pressures, move the 
vehicle into the shade and wait for the tyres 
to cool before checking the pressures. 
28 lbf/in2 
2,0 kgf/cm7 40 lbf/in2 
2,8 kgf/cm2 
171 
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ALWAYS use the same make and type of 
radial-ply tyres, front and rear. DO NOT use 
cross-ply tyres, or interchange tyres from 
front to rear. 
• If the wheel is marked TUBED, an inner 
tube MUST be fined, even with a 
tubeless tyre. 
• If the wheel is marked TUBELESS, an 
inner tube must NOT be fined.  
						

							General data 
110 models: Front Rear 
750 R16 Radial 
Normal-all load conditions ............................. 1,9 bar 
281bf/in2 3,3 bar 
481bf/in2 
3,4 kgf/cm2 2,0 kgf/cm7 
130 models: 
750 R16 Radial 
Normal-all load conditions ............................. 3,0 bar 4,5 bar 
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Tyre pressures must be checked with the 
tyres cold, as the pressure is about 0.21 bar 
(3 lbflirf, 0.2 kgflcnf) higher at running 
temperature. If the vehicle has been parked 
in the sun or high ambient temperatures, DO 
NOT reduce the tyre pressures, move the 
vehicle into the shade and wait for the tyres 
to cool before checking the pressures. 
44 lbf/in2 
3,1 kgf/cm7 65 lbf/in2 
4,6 kgf/cm2 
171 
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ALWAYS use the same make and type of 
radial-ply tyres, front and rear. DO NOT use 
cross-ply tyres, or interchange tyres from 
front to rear. 
• If the wheel is marked TUBED, an inner 
tube MUST be fitted, even with a 
tubeless tyre. 
• If the wheel is marked TUBELESS, an 
inner tube must NOT be fitted.  
						

							173 
SECTION7 
Parts & accessories 
Section Contents Page 
Parts & accessories ................................. 175 
Electrical equipment ................................ 175 
After sales service.................................... 176 
Travelling abroad ....... ... ... . .... .. .. . ........ ... ... 176  
						

							Parts & accessories 
PARTS AND ACCESSORIES 
Your vehicle has been designed, 
manufactured and proven to cope with the 
most rigorous driving conditions. As such, 
fitting parts and accessories that have been 
developed and tested to the same stringent 
standards is essential to guarantee the 
continued reliability, safety and performance 
of the vehicle. 
To augment the vehicles already awesome 
ability, a comprehensive and versatile range of 
quality spare parts and accessories are 
available to fulfil a wide variety of roles, both 
enhancing and protecting the vehicle in the 
many tasks to which it can be applied. 
Genuine Land Rover Parts are the ONLY parts 
built to original equipment specifications AND 
approved by Land Rover designers -this 
means that every single part and accessory 
has been rigorously tested by the same 
engineering team that designed and built the 
vehicle and can therefore be GUARANTEED for 
twelve months with UNLIMITED MILEAGE. 
A full list and description of all available 
accessories is available from your Land Rover 
dealer. 
Always consult your dealer for advice 
regarding the approval, suitability, installation 
and use of any parts or accessories before 
fitting. 
175 
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The fitting  of parts and accessories of 
inferior  quality,  or the carrying out of 
non-approved corrversions, may be 
dangerous and could affect the safety of the 
vehicle and occupants and invalidate the 
terms and conditions of the vehicle 
warranty. 
Always consult a Land Rover dealer before 
fitting accessories, and before commencing 
any conversion or alteration to the vehicles 
original specification. 
Electrical equipment 
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It is extremely hazardous to fit or replace 
parts or accessories whose installation 
requires the dismantling  of or  addition to 
either the electrical  or fuel system. 
Fitting  inferior  quality parts or accessories, 
may be dangerous and could invalidate the 
vehicle warranty.  
						

							Parts & accessories 
After sales service 
The After Sales Parts service is of paramount 
importance, both in the UK and across the 
world. In the UK there are over 1 00 authorised 
Land Rover dealers, all computer linked for 
rapid ordering of parts and accessories. 
In addition, with franchised representation in 
over 1 00 countries worldwide, Land Rover are 
able to support your vehicle wherever you go. 
A full list of Land Rover dealers is included in 
the literature pack. 
Only Land Rover dealers are able to provide 
the full range of recommended parts and 
accessories that meet our rigorous standards 
of safety, durability and performance. 
Travelling abroad 
In certain countries, it is illegal to fit parts 
which have not been made to the vehicle 
manufacturers· specification. 
Owners should ensure that any parts or 
accessories fitted to the vehicle while 
travelling abroad, will conform to the legal 
requirements of their own country when they 
return home. 
176  
						

							This section of the handbook is devoted to 
your vehicles superb off-road driving 
capabilities. 
Before venturing off-road however, it is 
absolutely essential that inexperienced 
drivers become fully familiar with the vehicles 
controls, in particular the transfer gearbox, 
and also study the off-road driving techniques 
described on the following pages. 
177 
SECTION8 
Off-road driving 
Section Contents Page 
Basic off-road techniques .. .. ... ... .. ........ ... . 179 
Driving on soft surfaces & dry sand .. .. ... . 183 
Driving on slippery surfaces .. .. . .. ... . . ... ... .. 184 
Driving on rough tracks .. .. . . . ... .. . .. ... . . ... ... . 184 
Climbing steep slopes.............................. 185 
Descending steep slopes ......................... 186 
Traversing a slope .................... ........ ....... 187 
Negotiating a V shaped gully.................. 187 
Driving in existing wheel tracks .. .. .. .... .. ... 187 
Crossing a ridge .. ... .. ... ..... .. ....... .... . .. ... .... 187 
Crossing a ditch . . ... .. ... .. .. .... .. .... .. .. .. .... .. ... 187 
Wading .................................................... 188  
						

							Off-road driving 
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Off-road driving can be hazardous! 
• DO NOT take unnecessary risks. 
• Be prepared for emergencies at all 
times. 
• Familiarise  yourself with the 
recommended driving techniques in 
order to minimise risks to yourself, your 
vehicle AND your passengers. 
• Always use a seat belt for personal 
protection in all off-road  driving 
conditions. 
• DO NOT drive if the fuel/eve/ is low -
undulating 
ground and steep inclines 
could 
cause fuel starvation to the engine 
and consequent damage to the catalytic 
converter (if fined). 
• Driving  off-road with a loaded roof rack 
is not recommended. If it is necessary to 
stow luggage on the roof-rack while 
driving 
off-road, all loads MUST be 
removed before traversing side slopes. 
BASIC OFF-ROAD TECHNIQUES 
These basic driving techniques are an 
introduction to the art of off-road driving and 
do not necessarily provide the information 
needed to successfully cope with every single 
off-road situation. 
We strongly recommend that owners who 
intend to drive off-road frequently, should 
seek as much additional information and 
practical experience as possible. 
179 
Gear selection 
Correct gear selection is possibly the single 
most important factor for safe and successful 
off-road driving. While only experience will tell 
you which is the correct gear for any section 
of ground, the following basic rules apply: 
1. NEVER change gear or de-clutch while 
negotiating difficult terrain -the drag on 
the wheels may cause the vehicle to stop 
when the clutch is depressed and 
restarting may be difficult. 
2. Generally, and especially where slippery or 
soft ground conditions prevail. the higher 
the gear you select the better. 
3. When descending very steep slopes 
always select 1st gear in LOW range. 
Inexperienced drivers are advised to stop the 
vehicle and carefully consider which gear will 
be most appropriate for each manoeuvre 
before continuing. 
Slipping the clutch 
Use of excessive clutch slip to prevent the 
engine stalling will result in premature clutch 
wear. Always select a gear low enough to 
enable the vehicle to proceed without the need 
to slip the clutch. 
DO NOT drive with your foot resting on the 
clutch pedal; driving across uneven terrain 
could cause you to inadvertently depress the 
clutch, resulting in loss of control of the 
vehicle.  
						

							Off-road driving 
Transfer gears 
High range gears should be used whenever 
possible -only change to low range when 
ground conditions become very difficult. The 
DIFF LOCK should be engaged whenever there 
is a risk of losing wheel grip, and disengaged 
as soon as firm, level, non-slippery ground is 
reached. 
Braking 
As far as possible, vehicle speed should be 
controlled through correct gear selection. 
Application of the brake pedal should be kept 
to an absolute minimum. Harsh braking on 
wet, muddy or loose surfaces could prove 
dangerous. 
NOTE: If the correct gear has been selected, 
braking will be largely unnecessary. 
Use of engine for braking 
Before descending steep slopes, stop the 
vehicle at least a length before the descent, 
select neutral in the main gearbox, engage 
LOW range and then select first or second 
gear depending on the severity of the incline. 
While descending the slope it should be 
remembered that the engine will provide 
sufficient braking effort to control the rate of 
descent, and that the brakes should not be 
applied. 
Accelerating 
Use the accelerator with care -any sudden 
surge of power may induce wheel spin and 
result in loss of control of the vehicle. 
180 
Steering 
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DO NOT hold the steering wheel with your 
thumbs inside the rim -a sudden kick of 
the wheel as the vehicle negotiates a  rut  or 
boulder 
could seriously  injure them. 
ALWAYS grip the wheel on the outside of the 
rim (as shown) when traversing uneven 
ground. 
Survey the ground before driving 
Before negotiating difficult terrain, it is wise to 
carry out a preliminary survey on foot. This 
will minimise the risk of your vehicle getting 
into difficulty through a previously unnoticed 
hazard.  
						

							Off-road driving 
Ground clearance 
Dont forget to allow for ground clearance 
beneath the chassis, axles, and under the 
front and rear bumpers. Note that the axle 
differentials are situated BELOW the chassis 
and are positioned slightly to the RIGHT of the 
centre of the vehicle. Note also that there are 
other parts of the vehicle which may come 
into contact with the ground; take care not to 
ground the vehicle. 
Ground clearance is particularly important at 
the bottom of steep a slope, or where wheel 
ruts are unusually deep and where sudden 
changes in the slope of the ground are 
experienced. 
On soft ground the axle differentials will clear 
their own path in all but the most difficult 
conditions. However, on frozen, rocky or hard 
ground, hard contact between the differentials 
and the ground will generally result in the 
vehicle coming to a sudden stop. 
Always attempt to avoid obstacles that may 
foul the chassis or axle differentials. 
181 
loss of traction 
If the vehicle is immobile due to loss of wheel 
grip, the following hints could be of value: 
• Avoid prolonged wheel spin; this will make 
matters worse. 
• Remove obstacles rather than forcing the 
vehicle across them. 
• Clear clogged tyre treads. 
• Reverse as far as possible, then attempt 
an increased speed approach-additional 
momentum may overcome the obstacle. 
• Brushwood, sacking or any similar 
material placed in front of the tyres will 
improve tyre grip.  
						

							Off-road driving 
IMPORTANT INFORMATION 
After driving off-road 
Before rejoining the public highway, or 
driving at speeds above 40 km/h {25 
mph), consideration should be given to 
the following: 
• Wheels and tyres must be cleaned of 
mud and inspected for damage -
ensure there are no lumps or bulges 
in the tyres or exposure of the ply or 
cord structure. 
• Brake discs and calipers should be 
examined and any stones or grit that 
may affect braking efficiency 
removed. 
Servicing requirements 
Vehicles operating in arduous conditions. 
particularly on dusty, muddy, or wet 
terrain, and vehicles undergoing frequent 
or deep wading conditions will require 
more frequent servicing. See Owner 
maintenance and contact a Land Rover 
dealer for advice. 
In addition: 
After wading in salt water or driving on 
sandy beaches, use a hose to thoroughly 
wash the underbody components and any 
exposed body panels with fresh water. 
This will help to protect the vehicles 
cosmetic appearance. 
182