GE Logiq P5 User Manual

Quality Assurance
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Typical Tests to Perform
Quality assurance measurements provide results relating to 
system performance. Typically these are:
•  Axial Measurement Accuracy
• Lateral Measurement Accuracy
•  Axial and Lateral Resolution
• Penetration
•  Functional & Contrast Resolution
•  Gray Scale Photography.
With these tests, a performance baseline can be set at 
installation with the phantom in your department. Future test 
results can be...

User Maintenance
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Phantoms
Quality Assurance Evaluations should be done with phantoms 
and test objects that are applicable to the parameters being 
evaluated or to the users clinical practice.
Typical phantoms are composed of material that acoustically 
mimic human tissue. Pins, anechoic and echogenic targets are 
physically positioned to provide information for a variety of tests.
Doppler phantoms are currently expensive and complicated to...

Quality Assurance
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Phantoms (continued)
 Figure 18-9. Phantoms
1. Penetration
2.  Axial Distance Measurement
3. Functional Resolution
4. Lateral Resolution
5.  Lateral Distance Measurement
6. Axial Resolution
7.  Contrast Resolution and Gray Scale Photography
8.  Gray Scale Plane Targets 

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Baselines
An absolute necessity for a quality assurance program is 
establishing baselines for each test or check. Baselines are 
established after the system has been verified to be working 
properly at installation or after a repair. If a probe or major 
assembly is replaced, new baselines should be generated.
Baselines can be made by adjusting system parameters to 
prescribed levels or to the best possible image. The key...

Quality Assurance
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Results
Lack of standardization among test instruments, the wide range 
of acceptance criteria, and incomplete knowledge regarding the 
significance of certain performance parameters prohibit the 
establishment of absolute performance criteria for these tests.
Quality Assurance Evaluation results should be compared to 
previously-recorded results. 
Performance trends can then be detected. Unacceptable 
performance or...

User Maintenance
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System Setup
The user should tailor the tests to their particular needs. It is 
certainly not necessary to make all checks with all probes. A 
representative example, with the probes used most often by the 
customer, should be adequate in judging system performance 
trends.
Use a gray scale phantom as the scan object for the tests. 
Commercial phantoms are supplied with its own operator 
manual. Be familiar with proper phantom...

Quality Assurance
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Axial distance measurements
DescriptionAxial measurements are the distance measurements obtained 
along the sound beam. See Figure 18-9 for more information.
BenefitThe accurate measurement of the size, depth and volume of a 
structure is a critical factor in determining a proper diagnosis. 
Most imaging systems use depth markers and/or electronic 
calipers for this purpose.
MethodAxial distance should be measured in the near,...

User Maintenance
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Lateral distance measurements
DescriptionLateral measurements are distance measurements obtained 
perpendicular to the axis of the sound beam. See Figure 18-9 
for more information.
BenefitThe purpose is the same as vertical measurements. Precisely-
spaced horizontal pin targets are scanned and results compared 
to the known distance in the phantom.
MethodLateral distance should be measured in the near, mid and far 
fields as...

Quality Assurance
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Axial resolution
DescpritionAxial resolution is the minimum reflector separation between two 
closely-spaced objects to produce discrete reflections along the 
axis of the sound beam. It can also be monitored by checking 
the vertical size of known pin targets. See Figure 18-9 for more 
information.
Axial resolution is affected by the transmitting section of the 
system and the probe.
BenefitIn clinical imaging, poor axial...

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Lateral resolution
DescriptionLateral resolution is the minimum reflector separation between 
two closely spaced objects to produce discrete reflections 
perpendicular to the axis of the sound beam. It can also be 
monitored by checking the horizontal size of known pin targets. 
See Figure 18-9 for more information.
Lateral resolution is dependent upon the beam width produced 
by the probe. The narrower the beam, the better the...