Steinberg WaveLab 7 Operation Manual

							12.3 Sonnox DeClicker 327
ˆ Input Level Meter
The Input Meter is designed to give exactly 1dB per LED for the top 18dB of dynamic
range, and 2dB per LED thereafter. This gives a clear and intuitive impression of the
working headroom.
ˆ Input Gain Trim Touch Pad (dB)
This allows you to adjust the input signal level by up to ±12dB.
ˆ Sensitivity Fader and Touch Pad (%) (Pop; Click; Crackle)
This controls the sensitivity of the detection circuits. Fully sensitive might allow the
detection circuit to react to low level signals and possibly mis-classify programme as
pops or clicks. Stronger pops and clicks will require a less sensitive setting.
ˆ In Button (Pop; Click; Crackle)
This button enables the pop, click or crackle removal processing. It is important to
note that with this button "off" (i.e. the repair processing is disabled), the pop, click or
crackle detection circuit is still enabled and the detect display will still show the degree
of event detection.
ˆ Detect Meter Display (Pop; Click; Crackle)
The Detect meter display combines two indications. The main rising column indicates
the sum of the energy of events that have been detected. With the "In" button de-
selected (i.e. the repair circuit disabled), this column is colored orange/red. With the
repair circuit active the column is colored blue. The bottom segment of the meter is an
indication of each individual detected event.
ˆ Output Level Meter (dB)
The output meter is designed to give exactly 1dB per LED for the top 18dB of dynamic
range, and 2dB per LED thereafter. There is a peak-hold feature that holds the highest
peak, helping to give a better impression of the working dynamic range.
ˆ Output Gain Trim Touch Pad (dB)
This allows you to reduce the output level by up to 12dB. Dithering is applied after
output gain control, so it may be necessary to reduce this value by a small amount to
avoid clipping.
Quick-Start Guide for the De-Clicker
The De-Clicker is very simple and intuitive to use. It is generally wise to repair the larger and
more energetic events first.
1. If there are large displacement events in the programme material, enable the DePop
section and raise the sensitivity fader until the largest events are detected and repaired.
2. For clicks, enable that section and raise the sensitivity fader until they are detected and
repaired.
3. Finally if there is crackle left, enable that section and raise its fader to remove the crackle.
Tip: There is necessarily some degree of overlap in the detection circuits of clicks and
crackle. Decreasing the DeClick sensitivity might increase the apparent detection of crackle;
and increasing the DeClick sensitivity might indicate less crackle. Best results are likely if
the two controls are balanced.
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Related topics
Sonnox DeBuzzer
Sonnox DeNoiser
Audio Plug-ins
Master Section
How do I add effects?
Presets
12.4 Sonnox DeNoiser
Sonnox DeNoiser is one of three plug-ins that form the Sonnox Restoration Toolkit. The tools
are not just for restoring old material, but also for removing the clicks, pops, buzzes and
background noise that can sometimes accidentally occur in new recordings.
A note on Touch Pad controls
Several controls in these plug-ins are Touch Pads. These controls give a clear display of the
numerical value of a control, and respond to the following actions:
ˆ Left-Click and drag up/down: Increase/decrease the value
ˆ Right-Click and drag up/down: Fine adjustment of value
ˆ Double Click: Directly edit value
ˆ Shift + Left-Click and drag up/down: Fine adjustment of value
ˆ Control + Left-Click (Windows) Cmd + Click (Mac): Set to default
For circular controls:
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ˆ the default action is Circular mode, but if the Alt key is held, the action is Linear mode.
Additionally, for all controls (including faders and knobs, not just Touch Pads)
ˆ Control + Left-Click (Windows), Cmd + Click (Mac): Set to default
DeNoiser screen controls
ˆ Sonnox Menu Options Button
Clicking this button brings down a menu of options and preferences. It allows choice
of:
the input/output meter clip light hold duration (permanent, 2s, 5s), and
the splash screen to view the version number and build date.
ˆ Graphical Display
The graphical display shows the real-time frequency/gain curve of the programme ma-
terial. It is graduated from 0 to 20kHz and from 0 to -144dB. The yellow line is the
calculated noise spectrum level, and in Auto mode will continually follow the noise in
real time. Everything below this contour is assumed to be noise, and everything above
the line is programme signal.
ˆ Input Level Meter
The Input Meter is designed to give exactly 1dB per LED for the top 18dB of dynamic
range, and 2dB per LED thereafter. This gives a clear and intuitive impression of the
working headroom.
ˆ Input Gain Trim Touch Pad (dB)
This allows you to adjust the input signal level by up to ±12dB.
ˆ Sensitivity Fader and Trim Touch Pad (dB)
The sensitivity fader defaults to 0.0dB, which is the midpoint of its travel. It will adjust
the sensitivity of the noise detection circuit, and the visible effect of this is to move
the yellow noise contour line up and down. The sensitivity level can be changed by
up to ±18dB. To reduce the sensitivity and make the De-Noiser less reactive to the
noise component, move the fader down. The noise contour will displace downwards,
showing less noise component in the detection circuit. If the sensitivity is set too low,
little noise reduction will occur. Conversely, to increase the sensitivity and make the De-
Noiser more reactive to the noise component, move the fader up. The noise contour will
displace upwards, showing more noise component in the detection circuit. The default
setting is for the noise contour to lie just below the peaks of the signal. Making the
detection circuit more sensitive to noise will decrease the signal component, possibly
pushing the contour up towards the peaks of the signal. In this case, it is likely that
processing artifacts will be heard, as the noise removal circuit will be acting on the
signal component as well as the noise component.
ˆ Adapt Button
This button enables Adapt mode for the noise detection circuit. In this mode the noise
fingerprint is continually calculated and updated. This mode is useful for material with
a time-varying noise component.
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ˆ Freeze Button
This button enables Freeze mode for the noise detection circuit. In this mode the noise
fingerprint is calculated once (when the Freeze button is pressed). This mode is useful
for material with a constant noise component, and would typically be sampled when
the signal is absent and only the noise component is present.
ˆ In Button
This button enables the noise removal processing. It allows glitch-less comparisons
with and without the noise reduction. It is important to note that with this button "off"
(i.e. the noise removal processing is disabled), the noise detection circuit is still enabled
and the graphical display will still show the real-time frequency display and the noise
contour line.
ˆ HF Limit Knob and Touch Pad (Hz)
This displays and controls the frequency beyond which the attenuation is applied non-
dynamically. Scrolling the frequency down from the default of 22kHz will show a red
region in the frequency display that has a fixed attenuation. To the left of the HF Limit
line the noise removal circuit behaves as normal. To the right the signal is attenuated
by a fixed amount set by the attenuation fader. This mode is useful for band-limited
programme material. A good example is a low bitrate encoded signal, which might be
band limited to 12kHz. Due to the sharp discontinuity, the noise removal circuit can
introduce audible artifacts around the band limit, and setting the HF Limit frequency
slightly lower than the band limit will remove those artifacts.
ˆ Attenuation Fader and Touch Pad (dB)
The attenuation fader and touch pad determine the level of attenuation that the noise
removal circuit will apply in the range 0 to -18 dB. Generally this should be set so that
the noise reduction is pleasing. Excessive use of attenuation can degrade the signal
unnecessarily.
ˆ Output Level Meter (dB)
The output meter is designed to give exactly 1dB per LED for the top 18dB of dynamic
range, and 2dB per LED thereafter. There is a peak-hold feature that holds the highest
peak, helping to give a better impression of the working dynamic range.
ˆ Output Gain Trim Touch Pad (dB)
This allows you to reduce the output level by up to 12dB. Dithering is applied after
output gain control, so it may be necessary to reduce this value by a small amount to
avoid clipping.
Quick-Start Guide for the De-Noiser
1. Start with Sensitivity and Attenuation controls at the default positions (0.0dB and -
4.5dB respectively).
2. Select Auto mode if the noise varies in time; select freeze for a defined and static noise
fingerprint.
3. Adjust the Sensitivity to find the correct balance between being too low (not enough
noise is removed) and too high (too much signal is removed).
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							12.5 Sonnox DeBuzzer 331
4. Adjust the Attenuation to find the most pleasing audio; too much attenuation can impair
the audio, either by reducing brightness or by introducing low-level distortion.
Tip: You might be working with bandwidth-limited material, possibly as a result of samplerate
conversion or lossy compression (for example limited at around 10kHz). If you experience
distortion around the limit try reducing the HF Limit control. Adjust until it lies just to the
lower frequency side of the limit (around 9.5kHz in our example).
Related topics
Sonnox DeBuzzer
Sonnox DeClicker
Audio Plug-ins
Master Section
How do I add effects?
Presets
12.5 Sonnox DeBuzzer
Sonnox DeBuzzer is one of three plug-ins that form the Sonnox Restoration Toolkit. The
tools are not just for restoring old material, but also for removing the clicks, pops, buzzes and
background noise that can sometimes accidentally occur in new recordings.
A note on Touch Pad controls
Several controls in these plug-ins are Touch Pads. These controls give a clear display of the
numeric value of a control, and respond to the following actions:
ˆ Left-Click and drag up/down: Increase/decrease the value
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							332 Audio Plug-ins
ˆ Right-Click and drag up/down: Fine adjustment of value
ˆ Double Click: Directly edit value
ˆ Shift + Left-Click and drag up/down: Fine adjustment of value
ˆ Control + Left-Click (Windows), Cmd + Click (Mac): Set to default
For circular controls:
ˆ the default action is Circular mode, but if the Alt key is held, the action is Linear mode.
Additionally, for all controls (including faders and knobs, not just Touch Pads)
ˆ Control + Left-Click (Windows), Cmd + Click (Mac): Set to default
DeBuzzer screen controls
ˆ Sonnox Menu Options Button
Clicking this button brings down a menu of options and preferences. It allows choice
of:
the input/output meter clip light hold duration (permanent, 2s, 5s),
a default to 50Hz on start-up, and
the splash screen to view the version number and build date.
ˆ Input Level Meter
The Input Meter is designed to give exactly 1dB per LED for the top 18dB of dynamic
range, and 2dB per LED thereafter. This gives a clear and intuitive impression of the
working headroom.
ˆ Input Gain Trim Touch Pad (dB)
This allows you to adjust the input signal level by up to ±12dB.
ˆ Frequency Knob and Touch Pad (Hz)
The De-Buzzer has an active frequency range for the buzz fundamental of between
20Hz and 440Hz. In Auto mode, this knob sets the frequency from which the buzz
detection circuit will start to hunt for buzz components. In Freeze mode, this knob
sets the exact frequency of the buzz fundamental. The knob is graduated around the
circumference, and clicking on any labeled graduation will set the frequency to that
graduation. The frequency can be scrolled from the touch pad.
ˆ Fine Adjust Button
This button enables fine tuning of the buzz frequency control. The graduations around
the circumference of the frequency knob will re-draw to a finer scale, and scrolling
the touch pad will enable very quick fine tuning of a hunt frequency. Scrolling past an
end-stop will continue to scroll the frequency and the marked graduations will re-draw
appropriately. Fine Adjust Mode forces Freeze, so that the selected frequency can
be specified exactly, without the Auto circuitry hunting for a stronger fundamental. If
entering Fine Mode from Auto, the Freeze button will flash and the plug-in will revert to
Auto when Fine mode is exited.
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							12.5 Sonnox DeBuzzer 333
ˆ Tone On Button
This button enables an audible tone generator, which can be used to aid location of the
buzz fundamental. While the Tone button is on, a touch pad appears above the button
and becomes a Tone level control. It defaults to -18dB, and has a range of -6dB to
-96dB.
ˆ Sensitivity Knob and Touch Pad (%)
This controls the sensitivity of the buzz detection circuit. Fully sensitive might allow the
detection circuit to lock to inaudible and possibly undesirable frequencies. Stronger
buzzes, which typically would be removed first, will require a less sensitive setting.
ˆ Hum/Buzz Mode Button
This control switches between Hum mode and Buzz mode. In Hum mode the band-
width limit for harmonic removal is 0 to 800Hz. In Buzz mode the bandwidth limit for
harmonic removal is 0 to 4000Hz. Hum mode is less damaging, and should be used
when possible.
ˆ Enable Button
This button enables the buzz removal processing. It allows glitch-less comparisons with
and without the buzz removal. It is important to note that with this button "off" (i.e. the
buzz removal processing is disabled), the buzz detection circuit is still enabled and the
Detect display will still show the degree of buzz detection.
ˆ Reduction Display
The Reduction display indicates the level of audio that is being removed from the signal.
ˆ Attenuation Knob and Touch Pad (dB)
The attenuation knob and touch pad determine the level of attenuation that the buzz
removal circuit will apply, up to a maximum of 96dB. Generally this should be set so
that the buzz is just inaudible. Excessive use of attenuation can degrade the signal
unnecessarily.
ˆ Auto Button
This button enables Auto mode for the buzz detection circuit. In this mode the buzz
detection is continually calculated and a slow drift in the buzz fundamental frequency
will be automatically followed. This mode is useful for material with a time-varying buzz
component. In this mode the removal filters follow the Detected frequency.
ˆ Freeze Button
This button enables Freeze mode for the buzz detection circuit. In this mode the buzz
fundamental is fixed to the frequency shown in the touch pad window. This mode is
useful for material with fluctuating buzz level, but with a constant buzz frequency. In
this instance, Auto mode would suffer when the buzz level drops and would typically
re-hunt for a different buzz fundamental. In this mode the removal filters follow the
Nominal frequency.
ˆ Detect Display
This display indicates the degree of detection that the buzz detection circuit has
achieved.
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ˆ Output Level Meter (dB)
The output meter is designed to give exactly 1dB per LED for the top 18dB of dynamic
range, and 2dB per LED thereafter. There is a peak-hold feature that holds the highest
peak, helping to give a better impression of the working dynamic range.
ˆ Output Gain Trim Touch Pad (dB)
This allows you to reduce the output level by up to 12dB. Dithering is applied after
output gain control, so it may be necessary to reduce this value by a small amount to
avoid clipping.
Quick-Start Guide for the De-Buzzer
1. Find the nominal frequency. Start with Sensitivity and Attenuation controls at the default
positions (90% and -48dB respectively).
2. If you know the rough frequency of the nominal, select that frequency using either the
knob or by typing into the touch pad.
3. In Auto mode, allow the detector time to drift towards the actual fundamental. The
detect display will indicate confidence of hum detection. Auto mode should be used if
the fundamental drifts over time.
4. Freeze mode should be used to select a specific frequency that might be variable in
strength. Fine Adjust (which forces freeze mode) can be used to increase the resolution
of selecting the fundamental.
5. If you are still having difficulty finding the fundamental, try using the Tone control.
6. The Hum mode removes harmonics up to 800 Hz. If you can hear harmonics that
are higher in frequency, try selecting Buzz mode, which will remove harmonics up to
4000Hz. If there are no harmonics above 800Hz, be sure to use Hum mode to preserve
as much original audio as possible.
7. Also in order to cause as little damage to the audio as possible, back off the attenuation
until you can just hear the buzz, then increase it a little until the buzz is inaudible.
8. Now reduce the sensitivity until the buzz is just inaudible.
Tip: You can use the high resolution FFT in WaveLab to help identify the exact fundamental
frequency.
Related topics
Sonnox DeClicker
Sonnox DeNoiser
Audio Plug-ins
Master Section
How do I add effects?
Presets
WaveLab 7 
						

							12.6 Steinberg Autopan 335
12.6 Steinberg Autopan
This is a simple autopan effect. It can use different waveforms to modulate the left-right
stereo position (pan), using manual modulation speed settings.
The parameters are as follows:
Rate
Sets the auto-pan speed from 0.1 to 10, by rotating the knob by dragging, or using the
mouse wheel.
Width
This sets the depth of the Autopan effect, that is, how far out to the left/right speaker the
sound should move, from 0% to 100%.
Shape
Sets the modulation waveform. Sine produces a smooth sweep. Triangle creates a ramp (a
sweep from one speaker to the other and then a quick jump back).
Related topics
Audio Plug-ins
Master Section
How do I add effects?
Presets
12.7 Steinberg Chorus
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							336 Audio Plug-ins
This is a single stage chorus effect. It works by doubling whatever is sent into it with a slightly
detuned version.
The parameters are as follows:
ˆ Rate
The sweep rate can be set freely with the Rate knob, without sync to tempo.
ˆ Width
Determines the extent of the chorus effect. Higher settings produce a more pronounced
effect.
ˆ Spatial
This sets the stereo width of the effect. Turn clockwise for a wider stereo effect.
ˆ Mix
Sets the level balance between the dry signal and the effect. If Chorus is used as a
send effect, this should be set to maximum as you can control the dry/effect balance
with the send.
ˆ Shape
This switch changes the shape of the modulating waveform, altering the character of
the chorus sweep. Sine and triangle waveforms are available.
ˆ Delay
This parameter affects the frequency range of the modulation sweep, by adjusting the
initial delay time.
ˆ Filter Lo/Hi
These parameters allow you to roll off low and high frequencies of the effect signal,
respectively.
Related topics
Audio Plug-ins
Master Section
How do I add effects?
Presets
WaveLab 7