Motorola Sse 5000 6881094c12 A Manual
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6881094C12-ANovember 11, 2004 Radio Description: Notations Used in This Manual 1-5 1.6 Notations Used in This Manual Throughout the text in this publication, you will notice the use of note, caution, warning, and danger notations. These notations are used to emphasize that safety hazards exist, and due care must be taken and observed. NOTE:An operational procedure, practice, or condition that is essential to emphasize. CAUTION indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, might result in equipment damage. WARNING indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in death or injury. DANGER indicates an imminently hazardous situation which, if not avoided, will result in death or injury. ! C a u t i o n ! W A R N I N G ! D A N G E R !
November 11, 20046881094C12-A 1-6Radio Description: Notations Used in This Manual Notes
Chapter 2 Theory of Operation This chapter provides a detailed circuit description of the SSE 5000 transceiver and VOCON boards. When reading the theory of operation, refer to the appropriate schematic and component location diagrams located in the back of this manual. This detailed theory of operation can help isolate the problem to a particular component. The SSE 5000 radio is a dual-mode (digital/analog), microcontroller-based transceiver incorporating a digital signal processor (DSP). The microcontroller handles the general radio control, monitors status, and processes commands input from the keypad or other user controls. The DSP processes the typical analog signals, and generates the standard signaling digitally to provide compatibility with existing analog systems. In addition, the DSP provides digital modulation techniques, utilizing voice encoding techniques with error correction schemes. This provides the user with enhanced range and audio quality, all in a reduced bandwidth channel requirement. It allows embedded signaling, which can mix system information and data with digital voice to support a multitude of system features. The SSE 5000 radio operates within the UHF range (450 to 488 MHz). 2.1 Major Assemblies The SSE 5000 radio includes the following major assemblies (see Figure 2-1): •VOCON Board — contains a dual-core processor which includes both the microcontroller unit (MCU) and a digital signal processor (DSP) core, the processor’s memory devices, an audio and power supply support integrated circuit (IC), a digital-support IC, and the audio power amplifier. •Transceiver (XCVR) Board — contains all transmit, receive, and frequency generation circuitry, including the digital receiver back-end IC and the reference oscillator. •Controls/Universal Flex — contains on/off/volume switch, channel select switch, push-to-talk (PTT) switch, monitor button, several function-selectable switches, universal connector, speaker, and microphone. •Display — 112 pixels x 32 pixels bit-mapped, liquid-crystal display (LCD). Figure 2-1. SSE 5000 Overall Block Diagram Universal Flex Control Top Display VOCON BoardTransceiver Board Encryption Module (Optional) 7.5V Battery J102 J707 J301 J701 P201 P1 J1 J101 External Accessory Connector124 20 20 12 26 403 Note: Indicates 12 wires Standard Antenna Remote Antenna J102 Internal Speaker & Mic Flex 14M102 3 MAEPF-27277-B
November 11, 20046881094C12-A 2-2Theory of Operation: Mode of Operation 2.2 Mode of Operation This section provides an overview of the radio’s receive and transmit operation in the analog mode. 2.2.1 Receiving When the radio is receiving (see Figure 2-2), the signal travels from the antenna connector to the transceiver board, passing through the antenna switch and the receiver front-end. The signal is then filtered, amplified, and mixed with the first local-oscillator signal, generated by the voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO). Figure 2-2. Receiver Block Diagram The resulting intermediate frequency (IF) signal is fed to the IF circuitry, where it is again filtered and passed to the Abacus III digital back-end IC. In the digital back-end IC, the IF signal is mixed with the second local oscillator to create the second IF at 2.25 MHz. In the back-end IC, a bandpass, sigma- delta, analog-to-digital converter then decodes the second IF signal, and outputs, on the radio’s serial synchronous interface (SSI) bus, digital audio to the VOCON board. On the VOCON board, the dual-core processor’s digital-signal processor (DSP) digitally filters the PCM audio. The DSP decodes the information in the signal and identifies the appropriate destination for it. • For a voice signal, the DSP will route the digital voice data to the CODEC inside the audio and power supply support IC, for conversion to an analog signal. The CODEC will then present the signal to the receive audio pre-amplifier, then to the audio power amplifier, which drives the speaker. • For signaling information, the DSP will decode the message and pass it internally to the microcontrol unit of the dual-core processor. RF InputRX Front End Harmonic Filter ADC LOCKORX_SSI_ D ATA to VOCON Board XTAL Filter ABACUS III - RX Back End Antenna SwitchLNAPreselector Filter Preselector Filter 1st Mixer 1st LO 3 MAEPF-27278-B Harmonic Filter Remote Port
6881094C12-ANovember 11, 2004 Theory of Operation: Mode of Operation2-3 2.2.2 Transmitting When the radio is transmitting, microphone audio is passed through gain stages to the CODEC, where the signal is digitized (see Figure 2-3). The CODEC passes digital data to the DSP, where pre- emphasis and low-pass (splatter) filtering are done. The DSP passes this signal to a digital/analog converter (DAC), where it is reconverted into an analog signal and scaled for application to the voltage-controlled oscillator as a modulation signal. Figure 2-3. Transceiver (UHF Range) Block Diagram (Power and Control Omitted) Transmitted signaling information is applied to the DSP from the microcontrol unit, where it is coded, and passed to the DAC, which handles it the same as a voice signal. The DAC output connects to the synthesizer modulation input. A modulated carrier is provided to the transmitter power amplifier, which transmits the signal under dynamic power control. Reference Oscillator FracN MOD INLoop Filter LPF FL200Y200 DAC U203VCO 1VCOBIC VCO 2 Crystal FilterMixer 2ND LO Sample Clk RX_SSI to VOCON Board TX_SSI from VOCON Board Preselector FilterPCIC U104Power Module Q107 TX BufferTX Driver Amplifier U102 D101Directional Coupler U101 Dual Antenna Switch Preselector Filter RX LNA Serial EE PROM U4 ABACUS III U500 MAEPF-27530-A 3 3 Note: This UHF range has 2 VCOs (1 TX, 1 RX)To Remote Port To Antenna Harmonic Filter
November 11, 20046881094C12-A 2-4Theory of Operation: Power Distribution 2.3 Power Distribution This section provides a detailed circuit description of the power distribution of the SSE 5000 radio. In the SSE 5000 radio, power (B+) is distributed to two boards: the transceiver (RF) board and the VOCON board (see Figure 2-4). In the case of a secure radio, B+ is also supplied to the encryption module. Figure 2-4. DC Power Distribution—UHF Radios Power for the radio is provided through a battery supplying a nominal 7.5 Vdc directly to the transceiver. The following battery types and capacities are available: B+ from the battery is electrically switched to most of the radio, rather than routed through the On/ Off/Volume knob. The electrical switching of B+ supports a keep-alive mode. Under software control, Table 2-1. Conventional Batteries Part NumberDescription NTN4595 Premium NiCd (1800 mAh, 7.5 V) NTN4596 Premium NiCd FM (1800 mAh, 7.5 V) NTN4992 Premium NiCd FM (1800 mAh, 7.5 V) (HazMat) Table 2-2. Smart Batteries Part NumberDescription HNN9033 impres™ NiCd (2000 mAh) HNN9034 impres™ NiCd FM (2000 mAh) GCAP II VCC 5 V5A RF BoardVOCON Board Battery V3AV3D RAW B+5 Volts SW_B+ UNSW_B+ 3 Volts Analog Circuits3 Volts Digital Circuits 2.893 (V2) 5 Volts 3.8 V (VSW1) (control signal) 2.893 (VREF) 7.5 Volts (Nominal) 1.875 Volts (VSW2) BATT FB+ XB+ 1.55V 1.55 Volts (VSW_1.55) Fuse FETFET P201 P1 MAEPF-27419-A J1 Volts Volts
6881094C12-ANovember 11, 2004 Theory of Operation: Power Distribution2-5 even when the On/Off/Volume knob has been turned to the off position, power remains on until the microcontroller unit (MCU) completes its power-down, at which time the radio is physically powered down. 2.3.1 DC Power Routing—Transceiver Board Connector J1, the B+ assembly, connects the battery to the transceiver board. Two capacitors provide protection against momentary breaks at the B+ connector due to contact bounce when the radio is dropped. An RF bead forms a power-line filter for signal RAWB+, which supplies battery voltage to the transmitter PA. A transistor, controlled by signal SWB+ from the VOCON board, turns on XB+, which supplies the 5-V linear regulator, TX_ALC block and SW_FL. Fuse F901 and a filter supply fused B-plus to the VOCON board. In turn, the VOCON board supplies VSW1, regulated 3.8 Vdc, from the Global Control Audio and Power (GCAP) switching regulator to the XCVR. A switch, controlled by SWB+, turns on V38 to the XCVR 3-V linear regulators. The XCVR regulated power supplies are summarized in Table 2-3. 2.3.2 DC Power Routing—VOCON Board Raw B+, or unswitched B+, (UNSW_B+) is routed to connector J1 on the transceiver board, and then on to P201 on the VOCON board. Here the UNSW B+ is forwarded to the radio’s control top On/Off/Volume knob through connector J707 and a flex circuit, as well as to regulator U505 (VCC5). The On/Off/Volume knob controls B+SENSE to a BJT switch, which in turn controls a power MOSFET. The MOSFET is a solid-state power switch that provides SW B+ to the VOCON board, the audio PA, the GCAP II IC (via GCAP_B+), and back to the transceiver board. In the case of a secure radio model, SW B+ and UNSW B+ are also supplied to the encryption module through connector J701. The BJT switch is also under the control of the MCU via Vref from the GCAP II IC (U501). This allows the MCU to follow an orderly power-down sequence when it senses that B+SENSE is off. This sense is provided through MECH_SW_BAR (inverted B+SENSE). The digital circuits in the VOCON board are powered from regulators located in the GCAP II IC (U501), an external 5 Vdc regulator (VCC5, U505), and an external 1.55 Vdc regulator (VSW_1.55). The GCAP II IC provides three supplies: VSW1, VSW2, and V2. These regulators are software programmable. Table 2-3. Transceiver Voltage Regulators IC NameOutput Signal NameDescription LP2989 V5A Regulated 5.0 Vdc LP3985 V3D Regulated 3.0 Vdc digital LP3985 V3A Regulated 3.0 Vdc analog for the RX FE
November 11, 20046881094C12-A 2-6Theory of Operation: Power Distribution Table 2-4 lists the supply voltages and the circuits that use these voltages. Table 2-4. VOCON Board DC Power Distribution Supply NameOutput Vo l ta g eSupply TypeUnprogrammed Output VoltageCircuits Supplied UNSW_B+ 9 to 6 Vdc 7.5 Vdc nominalBattery N/A VCC5 input Mechanical switch Power switch (FET) Secure module SW_B+ 9 to 6 Vdc 7.5 Vdc nominalBattery N/A VSW1 input (GCAP) Audio power amplifier Side connector SW_B+ to transceiver board GCAP IC Secure module USB circuitry VCC5 5Vdc Linear regula- torN/A Smart battery circuitry Int. / ext. microphone bias Audio preamplifier Digital-support IC Display LEDs VSW1 3.8 Vdc Switching regulator software pro- grammable3.2 Vdc 3-V regulators (RF) VSW2 input V2 input 1.55 V regulator bias VSW2 1.8 Vdc Switching regulator software pro- grammable2.2 Vdc Dual-core processor’s external memory interface FLASH IC SRAM 1.55 V regulator bias VSW_1.55 1.55 Vdc Linear regula- torN/A Dual-core processor core V2 2.893 Vdc Switching regulator software pro- grammable2.775 Vdc Dual-core processor’s I/O ring Digital-support IC EEPOT Display 16.8 MHz buffer
6881094C12-ANovember 11, 2004 Theory of Operation: Transceiver Board2-7 2.4 Transceiver Board The transceiver (XCVR) board performs the transmitter and receiver functions necessary to translate between voice and data from the VOCON board and the modulated radio-frequency (RF) carrier at the antenna. The transceiver board contains all the radio’s RF circuits for the following major components: • Receiver • Transmitter • Frequency Generation Unit (FGU) 2.4.1 Interconnections This section describes the various interconnections for the transceiver board. 2.4.1.1 Battery Connector J3 Battery connector J3 consists of three gold-plated contacts on the printed circuit board that mate with a B-plus connector assembly. Signal descriptions are in Table 2-5. 2.4.1.2 VOCON Connector P1 VOCON connector P1 (located on the XCVR board) consists of 26 gold-plated pads for the 26-pin compression connector, and one plated tool hole (pin 27) used for connector alignment. This is a digital interface carrying DC power, control, and data between the XCVR and VOCON boards. P1 connects through the compression connector to P201 on the VOCON board. Table 2-6 lists the connector pins, their signals, and functions. SPI refers to the serial peripheral interface, which is the control bus from the microprocessor. SSI is the serial synchronous interface bus for data to and from the DSP. There is a RX SSI bus for demodulated data from the receiver and a TX SSI bus for modulation data to the transmitter.Table 2-5. Battery Connector J3 Pin No.SignalDescription 1 BATT Battery positive terminal, nominally 7.5 Vdc 2 BSTAT Battery status, from battery to VOCON 3 BAT_RTN Battery negative terminal, tied to PCB ground Table 2-6. VOCON Connector P1 Pin No.VOCON SignalXCVR SignalXCVR I/OTy p eDescription 1 UNSW_B+ FUB+ O dc Fused B+ to VOCON 2 UNSW_B+ FUB+ O dc Fused B+ to VOCON 3 LOCK_DET* LOCK O status FGU lock detect 4 TX_SSI_DATA TXTD O ssi TX SSI data 5 SSI_CLK RXCK O ssi RX SSI clock
November 11, 20046881094C12-A 2-8Theory of Operation: Transceiver Board 2.4.1.3 Antenna Ports Antenna port J101 is a hot launch connector that interfaces to the antenna connector that is part of the control top. This interface provides the launch mechanism for the antenna. Antenna port J102 provides RF to the accessory RF connector on the back of the SSE 5000 radio. This port provides RF energy for tuning purposes, as well as RF for a public safety microphone. 2.4.1.4 Serial EEPROM The serial, electrostatically erasable, programmable, read-only memory (EEPROM) has the reference designator U4 on the SSE 5000 transceiver board. This IC holds all of the transceiver tuning data. This allows transceivers to be tuned in the factory and installed in the field without retuning. 6 SSI_FSYNC RXFS O ssi RX SSI frame sync 7 16.8MHz F168 O RF 16.8 MHz reference clock 8 SW_B+ SWB+ I dc Switch control 9 TX_SSI_FSYNC TXFS I ssi TX SSI frame sync 10 TX_SSI_CLK TXCK I ssi TX SSI clock 11 AD4_RF_BD_ID RF_BD_ID O dc RF board ID 12 RX_SSI_DATA RXDO O ssi RX SSI data 13 ABACUS3_CS ABCS I ssi SPI Abacus chip select 14 GND GND 15 VSW1 VSW1 I dc Regulated 3.8 V 16 SPI_CLK_A SPCK I spi SPI clock 17 SPI_MISO_A MISO O spi SPI data out 18 EEPROM_SEL* EECS I spi SPI EEPROM chip select 19 TX_INHIBIT TXINH I control TX inhibit control for secure 20 GND GND 21 BAT_STATUS BSTAT O dc Battery status 22 GND GND 23 SPI_MOSI_A MOSI I/O spi SPI data I/O 24 UNI_CS USEL I spi SPI universal chip select 25 RF_RX_ATNR RX_ATNR I dc RF RX attenuator 26 POR* RSTL I/O control asynchronous reset, active low Table 2-6. VOCON Connector P1 (Continued) Pin No.VOCON SignalXCVR SignalXCVR I/OTy p eDescription