Motorola Sse 5000 6881094c12 A Manual

							6881094C12-ANovember 11, 2004
Glossary-3
DTMFSee dual tone multi-frequency.
dual tone multi-
frequencyThe system used by touch-tone telephones. DTMF assigns a specific 
frequency, or tone, to each key so that it can easily be identified by a 
microprocessor.
EEPROMSee Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory.
effective radiated 
powerThe power supplied to an antenna multiplied by the antenna gain in a 
given direction. ERP is usually calculated by multiplying the measured 
transmitter output power by the specified antenna system gain, relative 
to a half-wave dipole, in the direction of interest.
EIAElectronic Industries Association
Electrically Erasable 
Programmable 
Read-Only MemoryA special type of PROM that can be erased by exposing it to an 
electrical charge. An EEPROM retains its contents even when the 
power is turned off.
electronic 
potentiometerA digital potentiometer that is electrically programmable.
EPOTSee electronic potentiometer.
ERPSee effective radiated power.
FCCFederal Communications Commission.
firmwareCode executed by an embedded processor such as the Host or DSP in 
a subscriber radio. This type of code is typically resident in non-volatile 
memory and as such is more difficult to change than code executed 
from RAM.
FGUSee frequency generation unit.
flashA non-volatile memory device similar to an EEPROM. Flash memory 
can be erased and reprogrammed in blocks instead of one byte at a 
time.
FLASHcodeA 13-digit code which uniquely identifies the System Software Package 
and Software Revenue Options that are enabled in a particular 
subscriber radio. FLASHcodes are only applicable for radios which are 
upgradeable through the FLASHport process.
FLASHportA Motorola term that describes the ability of a radio to change memory. 
Every FLASHport radio contains a FLASHport memory chip that can be 
software written and rewritten to, again and again.
FMRSee Florida Manual Revision.
Florida Manual 
RevisionA publication that provides supplemental information for its parent 
publication before it is revised and reissued.
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Glossary-4
frequencyNumber of times a complete electromagnetic-wave cycle occurs in a 
fixed unit of time (usually one second).
frequency 
generation unitThis unit generates ultra-stable, low-phase noise master clock and other 
derived synchronization clocks that are distributed throughout the 
communication network.
General-Purpose 
Input/OutputPins whose function is programmable.
GPIOSee General-Purpose Input/Output.
groundIn an electrical circuit, a common return path that (a) may not 
necessarily be connected to earth and (b) is the zero-voltage reference 
level for the equipment or system.
ground planeAn electrically conductive surface that serves as the near-field reflection 
point for an antenna.
host codeObject code executed by the host processor in a subscriber radio. The 
host is responsible for control-oriented tasks such as decoding and 
responding to user inputs.
ICSee integrated circuit.
IFIntermediate Frequency.
impedanceThe total opposition, including both resistance and reactance, that a 
circuit offers to the flow of alternating current (AC) or any other varying 
current at a particular frequency.
inbound signaling 
wordData transmitted on the control channel from a subscriber unit to the 
central control unit.
integrated circuitAn assembly of interconnected components on a small semiconductor 
chip, usually made of silicon. One chip can contain millions of 
microscopic components and perform many functions.
ISWSee inbound signaling word.
key-variable loaderA device used to load encryption keys into a radio.
kHzSee kilohertz.
kilohertzOne thousand cycles per second. Used especially as a radio-frequency 
unit.
KVLSee key-variable loader.
LCDSee liquid-crystal display.
LEDSee LED.
light emitting diodeAn electronic device that lights up when electricity is passed through it.
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Glossary-5
liquid-crystal displayAn LCD uses two sheets of polarizing material with a liquid-crystal 
solution between them. An electric current passed through the liquid 
causes the crystals to align so that light cannot pass through them.
LOSee local oscillator.
local oscillatorA device used to generate a signal that is combined with another signal 
in order to mix the second signal to a different frequency.
low-speed 
handshake150-baud digital data sent to the radio during trunked operation while 
receiving audio.
LSHSee low-speed handshake.
Master In Slave OutSPI data line from a peripheral to the MCU.
Master Out Slave InSPI data line from the MCU to a peripheral.
MCUSee microcontroller unit.
MDCMotorola Digital Communications.
MHzSee Megahertz.
MegahertzOne million cycles per second. Used especially as a radio-frequency 
unit. 
microcontroller unitAlso written as µC. A microprocessor that contains RAM and ROM 
components, as well as communications and programming components 
and peripherals.
MISOSee Master In Slave Out.
MOSFETMetal-Oxide-Silicon Field Effect Transistor 
MOSISee Master Out Slave In.
multiplexerAn electronic device that combines several signals for transmission on 
some shared medium (e.g., a telephone wire).
MUXSee multiplexer.
NiCdNickel-cadmium.
NiMHNickel-metal-hydride.
ohmA unit of electrical resistance.
OMPACSee over-molded pad-array carrier.
open architectureA controller configuration that utilizes a microprocessor with extended 
ROM, RAM, and EEPROM.
oscillatorAn electronic device that produces alternating electric current and 
commonly employs tuned circuits and amplifying components.
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Glossary-6
OSWSee outbound signaling word.
OTARSee over-the-air rekeying.
outbound signaling 
wordData transmitted on the control channel from the central controller to the 
subscriber unit.
over-molded pad-
array carrierA Motorola custom IC package, distinguished by the presence of solder 
balls on the bottom pads.
over-the-air rekeyingAllows the dispatcher to remotely reprogram the encryption keys in the 
radio.
PAPower amplifier.
pagingOne-way communication that alerts the receiver to retrieve a message.
PC BoardPrinted Circuit Board. Also referred to as a PCB.
phase-locked loopA circuit in which an oscillator is kept in phase with a reference, usually 
after passing through a frequency divider.
pigtailA short length of electrical conductor permanently affixed to a 
component, used to connect the component to another conductor.
pinoutA description of the purpose of each pin in a multi-pin hardware 
connection interface.
PLSee private-line tone squelch.
PLLSee phase-locked loop.
polarityThe positive or negative state in which a body reacts to a magnetic, 
electric, or other field.
private-line tone 
squelchA continuous sub-audible tone that is transmitted along with the carrier. 
Programmable 
Read-Only MemoryA memory chip on which data can be written only once. Once data has 
been written onto a PROM, it remains there forever.
PROMSee Programmable Read-Only Memory.
PTTSee Push-to-Talk.
Push-to-TalkThe switch or button usually located on the left side of the radio which, 
when pressed, causes the radio to transmit. When the PTT is released, 
the unit returns to receive operation.
radio frequencyThe portion of the electromagnetic spectrum between audio sound and 
infrared light (approximately 10 kHz to 10 GHz).
radio frequency 
power amplifierAmplifier having one or more active devices to amplify radio signals.
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Glossary-7
Radio Service 
SoftwareDOS-based software containing the feature set of a radio. See also 
CPS.
random access 
memoryA type of computer memory that can be accessed randomly; that is, any 
byte of memory can be accessed without touching the preceding bytes.
RAMSee random access memory.
read-only memoryA type of computer memory on which data has been prerecorded. Once 
data has been written onto a ROM chip, it cannot be removed and can 
only be read.
receiverElectronic device that amplifies RF signals. A receiver separates the 
audio signal from the RF carrier, amplifies it, and converts it back to the 
original sound waves.
registersShort-term data-storage circuits within the microcontroller unit or 
programmable logic IC.
repeaterRemote transmit/receive facility that re-transmits received signals in 
order to improve communications range and coverage (conventional 
operation).
repeater/talkaroundA conventional radio feature that permits communication through a 
receive/transmit facility, which re-transmits received signals in order to 
improve communication range and coverage.
request to sendA handshaking signal (used in communication links, especially RS232) 
to indicate that data is ready for transmission. See also clear to send.
RESETReset line: an input to the microcontroller that restarts execution.
RFSee radio frequency.
RF PASee radio frequency power amplifier.
ROMSee read-only memory.
RPCICRegulator/power control IC.
RPT/TASee repeater/talkaround.
RS232A common interface standard for data communication equipment.
RSSSee Radio Service Software.
RTSSee request to send.
RXReceive.
RX DATARecovered digital data line.
SAPSee Serial Audio CODEC Port.
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Glossary-8
Serial Audio CODEC 
PortSSI to and from the GCAP II IC CODEC used to transfer transmit and 
receive audio data.
Serial Peripheral 
InterfaceHow the microcontroller communicates to modules and ICs through the 
CLOCK and DATA lines.
serial portA hardware interface on a radio that transmits data one bit at a time.
sidebandThe band of frequencies on either side of the carrier frequency, 
produced by modulation of a carrier wave.
signalAn electrically transmitted electromagnetic wave.
Signal Qualifier 
modeAn operating mode in which the radio is muted, but still continues to 
analyze receive data to determine RX signal type.
softpotSee software potentiometer.
softwareComputer programs, procedures, rules, documentation, and data 
pertaining to the operation of a system.
software 
potentiometerA computer-adjustable electronic attenuator.
spectrumFrequency range within which radiation has specific characteristics.
SPISee Serial Peripheral Interface.
squelchMuting of audio circuits when received signal levels fall below a pre-
determined value. With carrier squelch, all channel activity that exceeds 
the radio’s preset squelch level can be heard.
SRAMSee static RAM.
SSISee Synchronous Serial Interface.
Standby modeAn operating mode in which the radio is muted but still continues to 
monitor data.
static RAMA type of memory used for volatile, program/data memory that does not 
need to be refreshed.
stationOne or more transmitters or receivers, including the accessory 
equipment, necessary at one location for carrying on radio 
communication services.
Synchronous Serial 
InterfaceDSP interface to peripherals that consists of a clock signal line, a frame 
synchronization signal line, and a data line.
system central 
controllersMain control unit of the trunked dispatch system; handles ISW and 
OSW messages to and from subscriber units (See ISW and OSW).
system selectThe act of selecting the desired operating system with the system-select 
switch (also, the name given to this switch).
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							6881094C12-ANovember 11, 2004
Glossary-9
terminationAn impedance, often resistive, that is connected to a radio as a dummy 
load, for test purposes.
thin small-outline 
packageA type of dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) package that is 
commonly used in memory applications.
time-out timerA timer that limits the length of a transmission.
TOTSee time-out timer.
transceiverTransmitter-receiver. A device that both transmits and receives analog 
or digital signals. Also abbreviated as XCVR.
transmitterElectronic equipment that generates and amplifies an RF carrier signal, 
modulates the signal, and then radiates it into space.
TSOPSee thin small-outline package.
TXTransmit.
UARTSee also Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter.
UHFUltra-High Frequency.
Universal 
Asynchronous 
Receiver TransmitterA microchip with programming that controls a computers interface to its 
attached serial devices.
Universal Serial BusAn external bus standard that supports data transfer rates of 12 Mbps.
USBSee Universal Serial Bus.
VCOSee voltage-controlled oscillator.
VHFVery-High Frequency.
VOCONSee vocoder/controller.
vocoderAn electronic device for synthesizing speech by implementing a 
compression algorithm particular to voice. See also voice encoder.
vocoder/controllerA PC board that contains a radio’s microcontroller, DSP, memory, audio 
and power functions, and interface support circuitry.
voice encoderThe DSP-based system for digitally processing analog signals, and 
includes the capabilities of performing voice compression algorithms or 
voice encoding. See also vocoder.
voltageThe electric pressure between two points, which is capable of producing 
current flow when there is a closed circuit between the two points.
voltage-controlled 
oscillatorAn oscillator in which the frequency of oscillation can be varied by 
changing a control voltage.
XCVRSee transceiver.
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Glossary-10
Notes 
						

							Index-1
6881094C12-ANovember 11, 2004
IndexIndex
A
accessories
antennas A-1
batteries A-1
carry A-1
chargers A-1
dust cover A-1
keyload A-2
microphone accessories A-2
microphones A-2
programming cables A-2
surveillance A-2
alignment, tuner
introduction 5-1
main menu 5-2
radio information screen 5-2
reference oscillator 5-3
softpot use 5-3
test setup 5-1
transmit deviation balance 5-7
transmit deviation limit 5-8
transmit power 5-4
transmitter test pattern 5-9
analog mode
receiving 2-2
transmitting 2-3
antenna
attaching 7-6
removing 7-6
antennas, types A-1
audio and power supply IC theory of operation 2-24
audio power amplifier theory of operation 2-24
B
battery
attaching 7-7
removing 7-7
types A-1
types and capacities 2-4
belt clip
attaching 7-7
removing 7-8
block diagram
power distribution 2-4
board overlays
transceiver (RF) board 12-10
C
carry case
assembly 7-9
channel select knob
installing 7-11
removing 7-11
charts, troubleshooting
button test 9-13
channel/zone select error 9-12DC supply failure 9-5
display failure 9-8
keyload failure 9-28
list 9-1
main 9-2
power-up failure 9-3
secure hardware failure 9-29
top/side button test 9-14
VCO Tx/Rx unlock 9-15
VOCON
Rx audio 9-18
Rx RF 9-20
Tx audio 9-16
Tx RF 9-25
volume set error 9-11
chassis and housing assemblies
joining 7-16
separating 7-12
chassis assembly
disassembling 7-12
reassembling 7-16
cleaning external plastic surfaces 7-1
control top
disassembling 7-13
reassembling 7-15
control top and keypad test mode 4-5
D
digital signal processor (DSP) theory of operation 2-21
digital support IC theory of operation 2-26
disassembly/reassembly
antenna
attaching 7-6
removing 7-6
battery
attaching 7-7
removing 7-7
belt clip
attaching 7-7
removing 7-8
carry case 7-9
channel select knob
installing 7-11
removing 7-11
chassis assembly
disassembling 7-12
reassembling 7-16
control top
disassembling 7-13
reassembling 7-15
introduction 7-1
universal connector dust cover
attaching 7-10
removing 7-10
volume knob 7-11
installing 7-12
removing 7-11
E
encryption
troubleshooting chart 8-4 
						

							Index-2
November 11, 20046881094C12-A
error codes
operational 8-3
power-up 8-2
exploded view 7-3
F
field programming equipment 3-6
FLASHport 1-1
frequency generation unit theory of operation 2-16
G
GCAP II IC U501
power routing 2-5
global control audio and power II IC 501 See GCAP II IC 
U501
H
handling precautions 7-2
K
key, encryption
loading 6-1
knob
channel select
installing 7-11
removing 7-11
volume
installing 7-12
removing 7-11
L
loading an encryption key 6-1
M
maintenance
cleaning 7-1
inspection 7-1
manual
notations 1-5
MCU theory of operation 2-20
model chart
numbering system 1-2
model numbering system, radio 1-2
N
notations
manual 1-5
warning, caution, and danger 1-5
O
ordering replacement parts B-1
P
parts, ordering replacement B-1
performance checks
receiver 4-6
test setup 4-1
transmitter 4-7
power distribution
block diagram 2-4
radio 2-4
transceiver board 2-5
VOCON board 2-5
power-up error codes 8-2
precautions, handling 7-2
R
radio
alignment 5-1
control top and keypad test mode 4-5
disassembling
chassis assembly 7-12
control top 7-13
separating chassis and housing assemblies 7-12
entering test mode 4-2
exploded view 7-3
FLASHport feature 1-1
information screen 5-2
model numbering system 1-2
physical features 1-1
power distribution 2-4
reassembling
chassis assembly 7-16
control top 7-15
joining chassis and housing assemblies 7-16
RF test mode 4-4
test environments 4-4
test frequencies 4-4
test mode 4-2
test environments 4-4
test frequencies 4-4
receiver
performance checks 4-6
troubleshooting 8-3
receiver back-end theory of operation 2-10
receiver front-end theory of operation 2-9
receiving
analog mode 2-2
reference oscillator alignment 5-3
replacement parts, ordering B-1
RF test mode
radio 4-4
S
schematics
transceiver (RF) board 12-2
service aids 3-3
signal tracing, troubleshooting 8-1
softpot 5-3
specifications
UHF radios 1-4
standard supply voltages 8-1