Land Rover Defender 90 Workshop 2nd Edition Nas Rover Manual

							STEERING
11
FAULT DIAGNOSIS STIFF STEERING CHECKLIST
NOTE: Having completed visual checks
and steering assessment and confirmed
that vehicle steering load is incorrect carry
out the following procedure in order shown.
Steering wheel torque to turn loads
1.Raise vehicle so both front wheels free.
2.With engine off, centralise steering wheel, and
remove steering wheel pad. Using torque
wrench on column nut, check torque required to
turn the steering wheel one turn in each
direction.
3.Record readings obtained in each direction.
Reading should be
4.4 Nm, 3.5 lbf ft.
NOTE: If figures are in excess of that
specified carry out steering box tie bar
reset below. If figures are as specified
See
Visual Check and Basic Adjustments .
Steering box tie bar reset
1.Loosen the tie bar fixings one complete turn.
2.Drive vehicle carefully a short distance, within
the dealership, applying full lock in both
directions in order to settle steering components.
Drive vehicle over speed bumps and include
harsh braking if possible.
WARNING: Do not drive on public
highway.
3.Near end of 2. ensure vehicle is driven in a
straight line on level ground and halted.
4.Tighten panhard rod mounting arm nut to
110
Nm, 80 lbf ft
.
5.Tighten the 2 fixings, tie bar to steering box, to
80 Nm, 60 lbf ft.
6.Recheck steering wheel torque to turn. If torque
reading is still greater than specified, carry out
steering shaft universal joint lubrication.Lower steering shaft universal joint lubrication
1.Check lower steering shaft is correctly phased
See Repair, Lower Steering Shaft and
Universal Joints.
2.Lubricate universal joints with an anti-seizure
type penetrating spray. Work the joints to ensure
full penetration of the spray by driving vehicle
and steering from lock to lock.
3.If steering stiffness still persists carry out swivel
pin preload setting.
Swivel pin preload setting
1.The swivel pin preload setting must be checked
and set
See FRONT AXLE AND FINAL DRIVE,
Overhaul, Front Stub Axle, Constant Velocity
Joint and Swivel Pin Housing.
Note that a pull load of 1.16 - 1.46 kg, 2.5 - 3.2 lb
is required after the axle shaft and swivel
housing seal have been removed.
Steering box adjustment
1.Check steering box adjustment
See
Adjustment, Power Steering Box.
Steering damper check
1.Check condition of steering damper
See
Steering Damper. 
						

							57STEERING
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FAULT DIAGNOSIS VISUAL CHECK AND BASIC ADJUSTMENTS
NOTE: It is important that the following
instructions are carried out in the
sequence shown and the results recorded.
1.Road springs - check that road springs are
correctly seated and are to correct specification
for vehicle. For spring specification
See
GENERAL SPECIFICATION DATA,
Information, Road Springs Data.
2.Ride height - measure trim height from wheel
centre to wheelarch eyebrow. Record results on
Check Sheet.
3.Check/top up power steering fluid
See Repair,
Power Steering Fluid Reservoir.
4.Check tension and condition of drive beltSee
ELECTRICAL, Repair, Auxiliary drive Belt.
5.Track rod/drag link - check condition of track rod,
drag link and ball joints
See Repair, Drag Link
and Drag Link Ends.
If either component is damaged, check operation
of steering damper and steering box for
smoothness. Replace all damaged or worn
components that impair the operation of the
steering system.
6.Suspension bushes - examine all steering and
suspension bushes for signs of wear and
deterioration. Also check all fixings for torque
relaxation. Tighten to correct torque value
See
FRONT SUSPENSION, Specifications, torque,
Torque Values.
7.Oil leaks - check front and rear axle hubs for
leak and repair as necessary.
8.Brake system - check brake system for leaks,
pipe condition, pad wear/contamination, disc
wear/condition.
9.Hub end float - check movement in the hubs by
rocking the wheels.10.Check front wheel alignment. Vehicles displaying
a tendency to veer more than considered
allowable, it is permissible to set the front track
to parallel.
11.Having completed all the above checks and
adjustments, road test vehicle
See Road Test
Procedure .
Attempt to reproduce the symptoms established
earlier. If symptoms still exist refer to relevant
Diagstic Chart.
STEERING LINKAGE INSPECT
NOTE: When inspecting steering linkages
and ball joints for wear the following items
must be checked.
Steering ball joints
1.Check ball joint rubber boots for security, signs
of cracking or deterioration.
2.Check ball joint assemblies for seizure i.e. no
movement on ball joint and associated
assemblies.
3.Check for excessive wear. This will be evident
as extreme movement on track rod and steering
linkages. Renew parts as necessary
See
Repair, Track Rod and Linkage, See Repair,
Drag Link and Drag Link Ends.
Steering linkages
1.Check all linkages for wear, deterioration and
damage. Renew parts as necessary
See
Repair, Track Rod and Linkage, See Repair,
Drag Link and Drag Link Ends. 
						

							STEERING
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ADJUSTMENT POWER STEERING BOX - ADJUST
Service repair no - 57.35.01
WARNING: Adjustments of steering box
should not be required while in warranty
period. If box is stiff or tight and within
warranty, it must be returned to manufacturer. No
attempt must be made to introduce backlash.
1.Apply park brake brake, select P and chock
road wheels.
2.Jack up front of vehicle until wheels are clear of
ground.
3.Support chassis front on axle stands.
4.Disconnect drag link from steering drop arm.
5.Centralise steering box
See Power Steering
Box - centralise
NOTE: Only check for no backlash when
steering box is in central position.
NOTE: If steering wheel is not straight, it
should be repositioned.
6.Adjustment is obtained by rocking the drop arm
about centre whilst an assistant slowly tightens
the steering box adjuster screw.
7.Tighten locknut when all backlash has been
removed.8.Repeat the check for backlash. If backlash exists
loosen locknut and repeat adjustment
procedure.
9.Turn steering wheel lock to lock and check no
tightness exists.
10.Ensure front wheels are aligned and in straight
ahead position.
11.Adjust drag link 924 mm, 36.2 in between ball
joint centres.
12.Connect drag link and tighten to
40 Nm, 30 lbf
ft.
13.Lower vehicle to ground level and remove
chocks.
14.Road test vehicle .
Drag link adjust
1.If steering wheel is to right, drag link is too short.
If steering wheel is to left drag link is too long.
2.Adjust drag link until steering wheel points
straight ahead when vehicle is travelling in a
straight line. 
						

							57STEERING
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ADJUSTMENT STEERING LOCK STOPS
Service repair no - 57.65.03
Check
1.Measure clearance between tyre wall and radius
arm at full lock. This must be not less than 20
mm, 0.79 in.
Adjust
2.Loosen stop bolt locknut.
3.Turn stop bolt as required.
4.Tighten locknut.
5.Check clearance between tyre wall and radius
arm on each lock.
NOTE: Alternatively lock stop adjustment
may be carried out using following
procedure.
Check
6.Measure stop bolt protrusion A, this must be
59.7 mm, 2.35 in.
Adjust
7.Loosen stop bolt locknut.
8.Turn stop bolt as required.
9.Tighten locknut.
10.Check wheel position at full lock.FRONT WHEEL ALIGNMENT
Service repair no - 57.65.01
Checking Toe-out dimensions
NOTE: Recognised front wheel alignment
and tracking equipment should be used
for this operation. Only the use of basic
equipment is described below. No Adjustment is
provided for castor, camber or swivel pin
inclinations.
1.Set vehicle on level ground with road wheels
positioned straight ahead.
2.Push vehicle back and forwards to settle linkage.
3.Set up the equipment to manufactures
instructions and check alignment as advised by
equipment supplier.
4.Position trammel probes on inner face of wheel,
not the rims, if the latter are damaged.
5.Measure toe-out at horizontal centre-line of
wheels.
6.Check tightness of clamp bolt fixings. Tighten to
14 Nm, 10lbf ft. 
						

							STEERING
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ADJUSTMENT
Adjust
7.Loosen clamps at both ends of track rod.
8.Rotate track rod to increase or decrease its
effective length until correct toe-out is obtained
See GENERAL SPECIFICATION DATA,
Information, Steering.
9.Push vehicle rearwards turning steering wheel
from side to side to settle ball joints. With road
wheels set in straight ahead position, push
vehicle forward a short distance.
10.Recheck track and adjust if necessary.
11.When alignment is correct, tap ball joints in
direction of arrows to maximum of travel, to
ensure full unrestricted movement of track rod.
12.Tighten clamp bolts to
14 Nm, 10 lbf ft.
POWER STEERING BOX - CENTRALISE
Service repair no - 57.35.05
Adjust
1.Raise vehicle on ramp [hoist].
2.Remove split [cotter] pin from castellated nut
securing drag link to drop arm.
3.Remove castellated nut.
4.Using toolLRT-57-018release drop arm from
drag link.
5.Turn steering wheel to full RH lock.
6.Turn steering wheel back exactly 2 turns.
7.Fit drop arm to drag link and fit castellated nut.
8.Tighten castellated nut to
40 Nm, 30 lbf ftand
fit new split [cotter] pin.
9.Lower vehicle. 
						

							57STEERING
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ADJUSTMENT POWER STEERING SYSTEM - BLEED
Service repair no - 57.15.02
Check
1.Position container to collect any fluid spillage.
2.Ensure fluid in reservoir reaches dipstick
maximum.
3.Run engine to normal operating temperature.
4.Recheck and correct reservoir fluid level.
NOTE: During instructions 4 to 6, maintain
maximum fluid level in reservoir. Do not
increase engine speed or move steering
wheel.
5.With engine at idle speed, loosen bleed screw
on steering box. Tighten bleed screw when fluid
emerges.
6.Check fluid level.
7.Fit reservoir cap.
8.Clean away fluid around bleed screw.
9.Check hose connections, pump and steering box
for fluid leaks by holding steering on full lock in
both directions.
CAUTION: Do not maintain this pressure
for more than 30 seconds in any one
minute to avoid overheating fluid and
possibly damaging seals.
10.Remove container.
11.Carry out road test. 
						

							STEERING
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REPAIR POWER STEERING BOX
Service repair no - 57.10.01
General precautions
·Whenever any part of the system is removed or
disconnected, utmost cleanliness must be
observed.
·Disconnected ports and hoses must be plugged
to prevent ingress of dirt. If metal sediment is
found in system, establish the cause, rectify and
flush system.
·Do not start engine until reservoir is full as pump
will be damaged.
·Metric pipe fittings are used with O ring pipe
ends on fittings to steering box.
·Follow normal O ring replacement procedure
whenever pipes are disconnected.
·Ensure compatible metric components are used
when fitting replacement pipes.
CAUTION: After refitting steering linkage
parts, follow correct procedure to ensure
that road wheels, steering box and
steering wheel are correctly positioned relative to
each other when in the straight ahead condition.
NOTE: When drag link is disconnected
from steering box, travel available at
steering wheel to each full lock is not
equal.
Remove
1.Raise vehicle on ramp.
2.Remove panhard rod.
See FRONT
SUSPENSION, Repair, panhard rod
3.Remove bolt securing steering damper to drag
link.
4.Release steering damper from drag link.
5.Remove split pin from castellated nut securing
drag link to drop arm.
6.Remove castellated nut. 
						

							57STEERING
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REPAIR 7.Using toolLRT-57-018release drop arm from
drag link.
8.Loosen, but do not remove, nut securing tie bar
to mounting arm.
9.Remove 2 bolts securing tie bar to steering box.
10.Move tie bar aside.
11.Position container to collect any fluid spillage.
12.Lower vehicle.
13.Remove filler cap from power steering fluid
reservoir.
14.Loosen union securing feed pipe to steering box.
15.Disconnect feed pipe from steering box.
16.Loosen union securing return pipe to steering
box.
17.Disconnect return pipe from steering box.
CAUTION: Plug the connections.
18.Centralise steering.
See Adjustment, power
steering box - centralise
19.Remove pinch bolt securing steering column
universal joint to steering box.
20.Loosen pinch bolt securing universal joint to
steering column.
21.Slide universal joint up steering column and
release from steering box.
22.Remove 4 bolts securing steering box to chassis
side member and collect 2 tab washers.
23.With assistance, lower steering box from vehicle
and remove.Refit
24.Clean mating faces of steering box and chassis
side member.
25.With assistance, position steering box to vehicle,
ensuring locating peg is engaged.
26.Fit bolts and tab washers securing steering box
to chassis and tighten bolts to
80 Nm, 60 lbf ft.
27.Connect steering column to steering box.
28.Tighten universal joint pinch bolts to
25 Nm, 19
lbf ft.
29.Remove plugs from steering box and pipes.
30.Connect feed pipe to steering box and tighten
union to
15 Nm, 11 lbf ft.
31.Connect return pipe to steering box and tighten
union to
20 Nm, 15 lbf ft.
32.Fit fluid reservoir cap.
33.Raise vehicle on ramp.
34.Position tie bar to steering box and loosely fit
bolts and washers.
35.Tighten nut securing tie bar to mounting arm to
80 Nm, 60 lbf ftand then back-off one complete
turn.
36.Tighten bolts securing tie bar to steering box to
81 Nm, 60 lbf ftand then back-off one complete
turn.
37.Fit drop arm to drag link and fit castellated nut.
38.Tighten castellated nut to
40 Nm, 30 lbf ftand
fit new split pin.
39.Connect steering damper to drag link.
40.Fit and tighten bolt securing damper.
41.Fit Panhard rod.
See FRONT SUSPENSION,
Repair, panhard rod; Refit
42.Lower vehicle.
43.Bleed power steering system.
See Adjustment,
power steering system - bleed
44.Test drive vehicle using both full locks to settle
steering components. If possible, drive vehicle
over uneven ground and include harsh braking.
WARNING: Do not test drive vehicle on
public highway.
45.Drive vehicle in a straight line on level ground
and stop.
46.Tighten nut securing tie bar to mounting to
110
Nm, 81 lbf ft.
47.Tighten bolts securing tie bar to steering box to
81 Nm, 60 lbf ft.
48.Ensure steering wheel is correctly aligned when
wheels are positioned straight ahead.
49.Road test vehicle. 
						

							STEERING
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REPAIR POWER STEERING FLUID RESERVOIR
Service repair no - 57.15.08
Remove
1.Position container to collect any fluid spillage.
2.Loosen mounting bracket clamp bolt.
3.Raise reservoir from mounting bracket to gain
access to hose clips.
4.Loosen 2 clips securing hoses to fluid reservoir.
5.Disconnect hoses from fluid reservoir.
CAUTION: Plug the connections.
6.Remove reservoir.
CAUTION: Discard fluid drained from
system. Do not allow fluid to contact paint
work. If spilled, remove fluid and clean
area with warm water.
Refit
7.Position fluid reservoir and connect hoses.
8.Tighten clips securing hoses to fluid reservoir.
9.Fit reservoir to mounting bracket and tighten
clamp bolt to
3 Nm, 2 lbf ft.
10.Bleed power steering system.See power
steering system - bleed
11.Remove container.POWER STEERING PUMP
Service repair no - 57.20.14
Remove
1.Disconnect battery negative lead.
2.Remove drive belt.
See ELECTRICAL, Repair,
Auxiliary drive belt
3.Position container to collect any fluid spillage.
4.Using an Allen key to restrain PAS pump pulley,
remove 3 bolts securing pulley to pump.
5.Remove PAS pump pulley. 
						

							57STEERING
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REPAIR
6.Loosen clip securing PAS hose to pump.
7.Disconnect hose from pump.
8.Loosen union securing PAS pipe to pump.
9.Disconnect PAS pipe from pump.
CAUTION: Plug the connections.
10.Remove 3 bolts securing PAS pump to engine.
11.Remove PAS pump and collect engine lifting
bracket.
Do not carry out further dismantling if component
is removed for access only.
12.Remove 5 bolts securing clamping bracket to
pump.
13.Remove clamping bracket from pump and fit to
new pump.
14.Tighten bolts securing clamping bracket to pump
to
9 Nm, 7 lbf ft.
Refit
15.Clean mating faces of PAS pump and engine.
16.Fit PAS pump and engine lifting bracket to
engine.
17.Fit and tighten bolts securing PAS pump to
engine to
35 Nm, 26 lbf ft.
18.Remove plugs.
19.Connect PAS pipe to pump and tighten union to
20 Nm, 15 lbf ft.
20.Connect PAS hose to pump and secure with clip.
21.Position pulley to PAS pump.
22.Coat threads of PAS pump pulley bolts with
Loctite 242.
23.Restrain pulley using Allen key and tighten bolts
to
10 Nm, 7 lbf ft.
24.Fit drive belt.See ELECTRICAL, Repair,
Auxiliary drive belt
25.Reconnect battery negative lead.
26.Bleed power steering system.
See Adjustment,
power steering system - bleed
27.Remove container.