Cisco Router 826 Routers Software Configuration Guide
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5-9 Cisco 826, 827, 828, 831, 836, and 837 and Cisco SOHO 76, 77, 78, 91, 96, and 97 Routers Software Configuration Guide 78-14565-03 Chapter 5 Troubleshooting ATM Troubleshooting Commands debug atm events Command Use the debug atm events command to display ATM events. The no form of this command disables debugging output. Following is the command syntax: debug atm events no debug atm events This command displays ATM events that occur on the ATM interface processor and is useful for diagnosing problems in an ATM network. It provides an overall picture of the stability of the network. If the interface is successfully communication with the Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer (DSLAM) at the telephone company, the modem state is 0x10. If the interface is not communicating with the DSLAM, the modem state is 0x8. The following output indicates that the ADSL line is up (training successful): 00:02:57: DSL: Send ADSL_OPEN command. 00:02:57: DSL: Using subfunction 0xA 00:02:57: DSL: Using subfunction 0xA 00:02:57: DSL: Sent command 0x5 00:02:57: DSL: Received response: 0x26 00:02:57: DSL: Unexpected response 0x26 00:02:57: DSL: Send ADSL_OPEN command. 00:02:57: DSL: Using subfunction 0xA 00:02:57: DSL: Using subfunction 0xA 00:02:57: DSL: Sent command 0x5 00:03:00: DSL: 1: Modem state = 0x8 00:03:02: DSL: 2: Modem state = 0x10 00:03:05: DSL: 3: Modem state = 0x10 00:03:07: DSL: 4: Modem state = 0x10 00:03:09: DSL: Received response: 0x24 00:03:09: DSL: Showtime! 00:03:09: DSL: Sent command 0x11 00:03:09: DSL: Received response: 0x61 00:03:09: DSL: Read firmware revision 0x1A04 00:03:09: DSL: Sent command 0x31 00:03:09: DSL: Received response: 0x12 00:03:09: DSL: operation mode 0x0001 00:03:09: DSL: SM: [DMTDSL_DO_OPEN -> DMTDSL_SHOWTIME] In case of failure, you may see the modem state remain at 0x8 and not move to 0x10: 00:02:57: DSL: Send ADSL_OPEN command. 00:02:57: DSL: Using subfunction 0xA 00:02:57: DSL: Using subfunction 0xA 00:02:57: DSL: Sent command 0x5 00:02:57: DSL: Received response: 0x26 00:02:57: DSL: Unexpected response 0x26 00:02:57: DSL: Send ADSL_OPEN command. 00:02:57: DSL: Using subfunction 0xA 00:02:57: DSL: Using subfunction 0xA 00:02:57: DSL: Sent command 0x5 00:03:00: DSL: 1: Modem state = 0x8 00:03:00: DSL: 1: Modem state = 0x8 00:03:00: DSL: 1: Modem state = 0x8 00:03:00: DSL: 1: Modem state = 0x8 00:03:00: DSL: 1: Modem state = 0x8 00:03:00: DSL: 1: Modem state = 0x8
5-10 Cisco 826, 827, 828, 831, 836, and 837 and Cisco SOHO 76, 77, 78, 91, 96, and 97 Routers Software Configuration Guide 78-14565-03 Chapter 5 Troubleshooting ATM Troubleshooting Commands debug atm packet Command Use the debug atm packet command to display per-packet debugging output. The output reports information online when a packet is received or a transmission is attempted. The no form of this command disables debugging output. Following is the command syntax: debug atm packet [interface atm number [vcd vcd-number][vc vpi/vci number]] no debug atm packet [interface atm number [vcd vcd-number][vc vpi/vci number]] Following are the keywords used in this command: The debug atm packet command displays all process-level ATM packets for both outbound and inbound packets. This command is useful for determining whether packets are being received and transmitted correctly. CautionBecause the debug atm packet command generates a significant amount of output for every packet processed, use it only when network traffic is low so that other system activities are not adversely affected. Below is sample debug atm packet output. Router# 01:23:48:ATM0(O): VCD:0x1 VPI:0x1 VCI:0x64 DM:0x0 SAP:AAAA CTL:03 OUI:000000 TYPE:0800 Length:0x70 01:23:48:4500 0064 0008 0000 FF01 9F80 0E00 0010 0E00 0001 0800 A103 0AF3 17F7 0000 01:23:48:0000 004C BA10 ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD 01:23:48:ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD 01:23:48:ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD 01:23:48: 01:23:48:ATM0(I): VCD:0x1 VPI:0x1 VCI:0x64 Type:0x0 SAP:AAAA CTL:03 OUI:000000 TYPE:0800 Length:0x70 01:23:48:4500 0064 0008 0000 FE01 A080 0E00 0001 0E00 0010 0000 A903 0AF3 17F7 0000 01:23:48:0000 004C BA10 ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD 01:23:48:ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD 01:23:48:ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD ABCD 01:23:48: Ta b l e 5 - 5 describes the fields shown in the debug atm packet command output. interface atm number(Optional) ATM interface or subinterface number. vcd vcd-number(Optional) Number of the virtual circuit designator (VCD). vc vpi/vci number(Required) The vpi/vci value of the ATM PVC. Table 5-5 debug atm packet Command Output Description Field Description ATM0 Interface that is generating the packet. (O) Output packet. (I) would mean receive packet. Pak size Packet size in bytes.
5-11 Cisco 826, 827, 828, 831, 836, and 837 and Cisco SOHO 76, 77, 78, 91, 96, and 97 Routers Software Configuration Guide 78-14565-03 Chapter 5 Troubleshooting Software Upgrade Methods Software Upgrade Methods Following are the methods for upgrading software on Cisco 800-series routers: Copy the new software image to Flash memory over the LAN or WAN while the existing Cisco IOS software image is operating. Copy the new software image to Flash memory over the LAN while the boot image (ROM monitor) is operating. Copy the new software image over the console port while in ROM monitor mode. From the ROM monitor mode, boot the router from a software image that is loaded on a TFTP server. To use this method, the TFTP server must be on the same LAN as the router. Recovering a Lost Password This section describes how to recover a lost enable or enable secret password. The process of recovering a password consists of the following major steps: 1.Changing the Configuration Register 2.Resetting the Router 3.Resetting the Password and Saving Your Changes (for lost enable secret passwords only) 4.Resetting the Configuration Register Value NoteThese procedures can only be done when you are connected to the router through the console port. These procedures cannot be performed through a Telnet session. NoteSee the “Hot Tips” section on Cisco.com for additional information on replacing enable secret passwords.VCD: 0xnVirtual circuit associated with this packet, where n is some value. VPI: 0xnVirtual path identifier for this packet, where n is some value. DM: 0xnDescriptor mode bits, where n is some value. MUXETYPE: nMultiplex type. Length: nTotal length of the packet (in bytes) including the ATM header(s). Table 5-5 debug atm packet Command Output Description (continued) Field Description
5-12 Cisco 826, 827, 828, 831, 836, and 837 and Cisco SOHO 76, 77, 78, 91, 96, and 97 Routers Software Configuration Guide 78-14565-03 Chapter 5 Troubleshooting Recovering a Lost Password Changing the Configuration Register This section describes how to change a configuration register. Step 1Connect an ASCII terminal or a PC running a terminal emulation program to the CONSOLE port on the rear panel of the router. Step 2Configure the terminal to operate at 9600 baud, 8 data bits, no parity, and 1 stop bit. Step 3At the privileged EXEC prompt (router_name>), enter the show version command to display the existing configuration register value (shown in bold at the bottom of this output example): 820-uut2#sh ver Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software Cisco IOS (tm) C827 Software (C827-NSY6-M), Version 12.0 Copyright (c) 1986-1999 by cisco Systems, Inc. Compiled Mon 22-Nov-99 11:20 by dahsue Image text-base:0x80013170, data-base:0x8081B748 ROM:System Bootstrap, Version 12.0(19990519:174856) [jakumar-twister_dev 1055], DEVELOPMENT SOFTWARE Jay uptime is 48 minutes System returned to ROM by reload Running default software CISCO C827 (MPC855T) processor (revision 0x00) with 19456K/1024K bytes of memory. Processor board ID 00000000, with hardware revision 0000 CPU rev number 5 Bridging software. 4 POTS Ports 1 Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s) 1 ATM network interface(s) 128K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory. 16384K bytes of processor board System flash (Read/Write) Configuration register is 0x100 Step 4Record the setting of the configuration register. It is usually 0x2100 or 0x100. Step 5Record the break setting: Break enabled—bit 8 is set to 0. Break disabled (default setting)—bit 8 is set to 1. NoteTo enable break, enter the config-register 0x01 command while in privileged EXEC mode.
5-13 Cisco 826, 827, 828, 831, 836, and 837 and Cisco SOHO 76, 77, 78, 91, 96, and 97 Routers Software Configuration Guide 78-14565-03 Chapter 5 Troubleshooting Recovering a Lost Password Resetting the Router This section describes how to reset the router. Step 1If break is enabled, go to Step 2. If break is disabled, turn the router off ( O ), wait 5 seconds, and turn it on ( | ) again. Within 60 seconds, press the Break key. The terminal displays the ROM monitor prompt. Go to Step 3. NoteSome terminal keyboards have a key labeled Break. If your keyboard does not have a Break key, see the documentation that came with the terminal for instructions on how to send a break. Step 2Press break. The terminal displays the following prompt: rommon 2> Step 3Enter confreg 0x142 to reset the configuration register: rommon 2> confreg 0x142 Step 4Initialize the router by entering the reset command: rommon 2> reset The router cycles its power, and the configuration register is set to 0x142. The router uses the boot ROM system image, indicated by the system configuration dialog: --- System Configuration Dialog --- Step 5Enter no in response to the prompts until the following message is displayed: Press RETURN to get started! Step 6Press Return. The following prompt appears: Router> Step 7Enter the enable command to enter enable mode. Configuration changes can be made only in enable mode: Router> enable The prompt changes to the privileged EXEC prompt: Router# Step 8Enter the show startup-config command to display an enable password in the configuration file: Router# show startup-config If you are recovering an enable password, skip the following “Resetting the Password and Saving Your Changes” section, and complete the password recovery process by performing the steps in the “Resetting the Configuration Register Value” section. If you are recovering an enable secret password, it is not displayed in the show startup-config command output. Complete the password-recovery process by performing the steps in the following “Resetting the Password and Saving Your Changes” section.
5-14 Cisco 826, 827, 828, 831, 836, and 837 and Cisco SOHO 76, 77, 78, 91, 96, and 97 Routers Software Configuration Guide 78-14565-03 Chapter 5 Troubleshooting Managing the Cisco Router Web Setup Tool Resetting the Password and Saving Your Changes This section discusses how to reset your password and save the changes. Step 1Enter the configure terminal command to enter configuration mode: Router# configure terminal Step 2Enter the enable secret command to reset the enable secret password in the router: Router(config)# enable secret password Step 3Enter exit to exit configuration mode: Router(config)# exit Step 4Save your configuration changes: Router# copy running-config startup-config Resetting the Configuration Register Value After you have recovered or reconfigured a password, reset the configuration register value: Step 1Enter the configure terminal command to enter configuration mode: Router# configure terminal Step 2Enter the configure register command and the original configuration register value that you recorded. Router(config)# config-reg value Step 3Enter exit to exit configuration mode: Router(config)# exit NoteTo return to the configuration being used before you recovered the lost enable password, do not save the configuration changes before rebooting the router. Step 4Reboot the router, and enter the recovered password. Managing the Cisco Router Web Setup Tool The Cisco Router Web Setup tool is a free software configuration utility, supporting the Cisco 831 router and the SOHO series routers. It includes a Web-based GUI that offers the following features: Simplified setup Advanced configuration
5-15 Cisco 826, 827, 828, 831, 836, and 837 and Cisco SOHO 76, 77, 78, 91, 96, and 97 Routers Software Configuration Guide 78-14565-03 Chapter 5 Troubleshooting Managing the Cisco Router Web Setup Tool Router security Router monitoring Pointers to CRWS Documentation To find the CRWS Introduction, go to: http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/cc/pd/nemnsw/rtwbto20/prodlit/cwstu_ds.htm To s e e C RW S U s e r’s Guide, go to: http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/clckstrt/crws/ugcrws30.htm To see the CRWS Troubleshooting Guide, go to: http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/clckstrt/crws/tgcrws31.htm
5-16 Cisco 826, 827, 828, 831, 836, and 837 and Cisco SOHO 76, 77, 78, 91, 96, and 97 Routers Software Configuration Guide 78-14565-03 Chapter 5 Troubleshooting Managing the Cisco Router Web Setup Tool
A-1 Cisco 826, 827, 828, 831, 836, and 837 and Cisco SOHO 76, 77, 78, 91, 96, and 97 Routers Software Configuration Guide 78-14565-03 APPENDIXA Cisco IOS Basic Skills Understanding how to use Cisco IOS software will save you time when you are configuring your router. If you need a refresher, take a few minutes to read this chapter. If you are already familiar with Cisco IOS software, go to Chapter 3, “Basic Router Configuration,” and Chapter 4, “Advanced Router Configuration.” This chapter describes what you need to know before you begin configuring your router with Cisco IOS software (the software that runs your router). This chapter contains the following sections: Configuring the Router from a PC Understanding Command Modes Getting Help Enable Secret and Enable Passwords Entering Global Configuration Mode Using Commands Saving Configuration Changes Configuring the Router from a PC You can configure your router from a connected PC. For information on how to connect the PC, see the documentation listed in the Obtaining Documentation Section. After connecting the PC, you need terminal emulation software. The PC uses this software to send commands to your router. Ta b l e A - 1 lists some common types of this software, which are based on the type of PC you are using. Table A-1 Terminal Emulation Software PC Operating System Software Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows 2000, Windows NT, Windows XPHyperTerm (included with Windows software), ProComm Plus Windows 3.1 Terminal (included with Windows software) Macintosh ProComm, VersaTerm (supplied separately)
A-2 Cisco 826, 827, 828, 831, 836, and 837 and Cisco SOHO 76, 77, 78, 91, 96, and 97 Routers Software Configuration Guide 78-14565-03 Appendix A Cisco IOS Basic Skills Understanding Command Modes You can use the terminal emulation software to change settings for the type of device that is connected to the PC, in this case a router. Configure the software to the following standard VT-100 emulation settings so that your PC can communicate with your router: 9600 baud 8 data bits No parity 1 stop bit No flow control These settings should match the default settings of your router. To change the router baud, data bits, parity, or stop bits settings, you must reconfigure parameters in the ROM monitor. For more information, see Appendix B, “ROM Monitor.” To change the router flow control setting, use the flowcontrol line configuration command. For information on how to enter global configuration mode so that you can configure your router, see the “Entering Global Configuration Mode” section later in this chapter. Understanding Command Modes This section describes the Cisco IOS command mode structure. Each command mode supports specific Cisco IOS commands. For example, you can use the interface type number command only from global configuration mode. The following Cisco IOS command modes are hierarchical. When you begin a router session, you are in user EXEC mode. User EXEC Privileged EXEC Global configuration Ta b l e A - 2 lists the command modes that are used in this guide, how to access each mode, the prompt you see in that mode, and how to exit to a mode or enter the next mode. Because each mode configures different router elements, you might need to enter and exit modes frequently. You can see a list of available commands for a particular mode by entering a question mark (?) at the prompt. For a description of each command, including syntax, see the Cisco IOS 12.2 documentation set.