Apple IPhone 6 Manual

							 Chapter  32    Contacts 141
Unify contacts
When you have contacts from multiple sources, you might have multiple entries for the same 
person. To keep redundant contacts from appearing in your All Contacts list, contacts from 
different sources that have the same name are linked and displayed as a single unified contact. 
When you view a unified contact, the title Unified Info appears. 
Link contacts. If two entries for the same person aren’t linked automatically, you can unify them 
manually. Edit one of the contacts, tap Edit, then tap Link Contact and choose the other contact 
entry to link to.
Linked contacts aren’t merged. If you change or add information in a unified contact, the 
changes are copied to each source account where that information already exists.
If you link contacts with different first or last names, the names on the individual cards won’t 
change, but only one name appears on the unified card. To choose which name appears when 
you view the unified card, tap Edit, tap the linked card with the name you prefer, then tap Use 
This Name For Unified Card.
Contacts settings
Go to Settings > Mail, Contacts, Calendars, where you can:
 •Change how contacts are sorted
 •Display contacts by first or last name
 •Change how long names are shortened in lists
 •Choose to show recent and favorite contacts in the multitasking screen
 •Set a default account for new contacts
 •Set your My Info card 
						

							A
  14 2
Accessibility
Accessibility features
iPhone offers many accessibility features: 
Vision
 •VoiceOver
 •Support for braille displays
 •Zoom
 •Invert Colors and Grayscale
 •Speak Selection
 •Speak Screen
 •Speak Auto-text
 •Large, bold, and high-contrast text
 •Button Shapes
 •Reduce screen motion
 •On/off switch labels
 •Assignable ringtones and vibrations
 •Video Descriptions
Hearing
 •Hearing aids
 •Call audio routing
 •Phone noise cancelation
 •LED Flash for Alerts
 •Subtitles and closed captions
 •Mono audio and balance
Interaction
 •Siri
 •Widescreen keyboards
 •Guided Access
 •Switch Control
 •AssistiveTouch
Turn on accessibility features. 
Go to Settings > General > Accessibility, or use the Accessibility 
Shortcut. See Accessibility Shortcut below.
With your voice, you can also use Siri to open apps, invert colors, read the screen in some apps, 
and work with VoiceOver. See Chapter 4, Siri, on page 46 .
Appendix 
						

							 Appendix A    Accessibility 14 3
Use iTunes on your computer to configure accessibility on iPhone. You can choose some 
accessibility options in iTunes on your computer. Connect iPhone to your computer, then select 
iPhone in the iTunes device list. Click Summary, then click Configure Accessibility at the bottom 
of the Summary screen.
For more information about iPhone accessibility features, see www.apple.com/accessibility.
Accessibility Shortcut
Use the Accessibility Shortcut. Press the Home button quickly three times to turn any of these 
features on or off:
 •VoiceOver
 •Invert Colors
 •Grayscale
 •Zoom
 •Switch Control
 •AssistiveTouch
 •Guided Access ( The shortcut starts Guided Access if it’s already turned on. See Guided 
Access
 on page 16 0.)
 •Hearing Aid Control (if you have paired Made for iPhone hearing aids)
Choose the features you want to control. 
Go to Settings > General > Accessibility > Accessibility 
Shortcut, then select the accessibility features you use.
Not so fast. 
To slow down the triple-click speed, go to Settings > General > Accessibility >  
Home-click Speed. ( This also slows down double-clicks.)
VoiceOver
VoiceOver describes aloud what appears onscreen, so you can use iPhone without seeing it.
VoiceOver tells you about each item on the screen as you select it. The VoiceOver cursor  
(a rectangle) encloses the item and VoiceOver speaks its name or describes it.
Touch the screen or drag your finger over it to hear the items on the screen. When you select 
text, VoiceOver reads the text. If you turn on Speak Hints, VoiceOver may tell you the name of the 
item and provide instructions—for example, “double-tap to open.” To interact with items, such as 
buttons and links, use the gestures described in Learn VoiceOver gestures
 on page 14 6 .
When you go to a new screen, VoiceOver plays a sound, then selects and speaks the first item 
on the screen (typically in the upper-left corner). VoiceOver also lets you know when the display 
changes to landscape or portrait orientation, and when the screen becomes locked or unlocked.
Note:  VoiceOver speaks in the language specified in Settings > General > Language & Region. 
VoiceOver is available in many languages, but not all.
VoiceOver basics
Important:  VoiceOver changes the gestures you use to control iPhone. When VoiceOver is on, 
you must use VoiceOver gestures to operate iPhone—even to turn VoiceOver off.
Turn VoiceOver on or off. 
Go to Settings > General > Accessibility > VoiceOver, or use the 
Accessibility Shortcut. See Accessibility Shortcut above. 
						

							 Appendix A    Accessibility 14 4
Explore. Drag your finger over the screen. VoiceOver speaks each item you touch. Lift your finger 
to leave an item selected.
 •Select an item:  Tap it, or lift your finger while dragging over it.
 •Select the next or previous item:  Swipe right or left with one finger. Item order is left-to-right, 
top-to-bottom.
 •Select the item above or below:  Set the rotor to Vertical Navigation, then swipe up or down 
with one finger. If you don’t find Vertical Navigation in the rotor, you can add it; see Use the 
VoiceOver rotor
 on page 14 7 .
 •Select the first or last item on the screen:  Tap with four fingers at the top or bottom of 
the screen.
 •Select an item by name:  Triple-tap with two fingers anywhere on the screen to open the Item 
Chooser. Then type a name in the search field, or swipe right or left to move through the list 
alphabetically, or tap the table index to the right of the list and swipe up or down to move 
quickly through the list of items. Or use handwriting to select an item by writing its name; see 
Write with your finger
 on page 14 9 . To dismiss the Item Chooser without making a selection, 
do a two-finger scrub (move two fingers back and forth three times quickly, making a “z”).
 •Change an item’s name so it’s easier to find:  Select the item, then double-tap and hold with two 
fingers anywhere on the screen.
 •Speak the text of the selected item:  Set the rotor to characters or words, then swipe down or up 
with one finger.
 •Turn spoken hints on or off:  Go to Settings > General > Accessibility > VoiceOver > Speak Hints.
 •Use phonetic spelling:  Go to Settings > General > Accessibility > VoiceOver > 
Phonetic Feedback.
 •Speak the entire screen, from the top:  Swipe up with two fingers.
 •Speak from the current item to the bottom of the screen:  Swipe down with two fingers.
 •Pause speaking:  Tap once with two fingers. Tap again with two fingers to resume, or select 
another item.
 •Mute VoiceOver:  Double-tap with three fingers. Repeat to unmute. If you’re using an external 
keyboard, press the Control key.
 •Silence sound effects:  Go to Settings > General > Accessibility > VoiceOver, then turn off Use 
Sound Effects.
Use a larger VoiceOver cursor. 
Go to Settings > General > Accessibility > VoiceOver, then turn on 
Large Cursor.
Adjust the speaking voice. You can adjust the VoiceOver speaking voice:
 •Change the volume:  Use the volume buttons on iPhone, or add volume to the rotor, then swipe 
up and down to adjust; see Use the VoiceOver rotor
 on page 14 7 .
 •Change the speech rate:  Go to Settings > General > Accessibility > VoiceOver, then drag 
the Speaking Rate slider. You can also set the rotor to Speech Rate, then swipe up or down 
to adjust.
 •Use pitch change:  VoiceOver uses a higher pitch when speaking the first item of a group (such 
as a list or table) and a lower pitch when speaking the last item of a group. Go to Settings > 
General > Accessibility > VoiceOver > Use Pitch Change.
 •Speak punctuation:  Set the rotor to Punctuation, then swipe up or down to select how much 
you want to hear. 
						

							 Appendix A    Accessibility 14 5
 •Control audio ducking:  To choose whether audio that’s playing is turned down while VoiceOver 
speaks, set the rotor to Audio Ducking, then swipe up or down.
 •Change the language for iPhone:  Go to Settings > General > Language & Region. VoiceOver 
pronunciation of some languages is affected by the Region Format you choose there.
 •Change pronunciation:  Set the rotor to Language, then swipe up or down. Language is 
available in the rotor only if you select more than one pronunciation in Settings > General > 
Accessibility > VoiceOver > Speech > Rotor Languages.
 •Choose which dialects are available in the rotor:  Go to Settings > General > Accessibility > 
VoiceOver > Speech > Rotor Languages. To adjust voice quality or speaking rate, tap  next 
to the language. To remove languages from the rotor or change their order, tap Edit, tap the 
delete button or drag the reorder button 
 up or down, then tap Done.
 •Set the default dialect for the current iPhone language:  Go to Settings > General > 
Accessibility > VoiceOver > Speech.
 •Download an enhanced quality reading voice:  Go to Settings > General > Accessibility > 
VoiceOver > Speech, tap a language, then tap Enhanced Quality. If you’re using English, you 
can choose to download Alex (869 MB), the same high-quality U.S. English voice used for 
VoiceOver on Mac computers.
Use iPhone with VoiceOver
Unlock iPhone. Press either the Home button or the Sleep/Wake button, swipe to select the 
Unlock button, then double-tap the screen.
Enter your passcode silently. To avoid having your passcode spoken as you enter it, use 
handwriting; see  Write with your finger
 on page 14 9.
Open an app, toggle a switch, or tap an item. Select the item, then double-tap the screen.
Double-tap the selected item. Triple-tap the screen.
Adjust a slider. Select the slider, then swipe up or down with one finger.
Use a standard gesture. Double-tap and hold your finger on the screen until you hear three 
rising tones, then make the gesture. When you lift your finger, VoiceOver gestures resume. For 
example, to drag a volume slider with your finger instead of swiping up and down, select the 
slider, double-tap and hold, wait for the three tones, then slide left or right.
Scroll a list or area of the screen. Swipe up or down with three fingers.
 •Scroll continuously through a list:  Double-tap and hold until you hear three rising tones, then 
drag up or down.
 •Use the list index:  Some lists have an alphabetical table index along the right side. Select the 
index, then swipe up or down to move through the index. You can also double-tap, hold, then 
slide your finger up or down.
 •Reorder a list:  You can change the order of items in some lists, such as the Rotor items in 
Accessibility settings. Select 
 to the right of an item, double-tap and hold until you hear 
three rising tones, then drag up or down.
Open Notification Center. Select any item in the status bar, then swipe down with three fingers. 
To dismiss Notification Center, do a two-finger scrub (move two fingers back and forth three 
times quickly, making a “z”).
Open Control Center. Select any item in the status bar, then swipe up with three fingers. To 
dismiss Control Center, do a two-finger scrub. 
						

							 Appendix A    Accessibility 14 6
Switch apps. Double-click the Home button to see open apps, swipe left or right with one finger 
to select an app, then double-tap to switch to it. Or, set the rotor to Actions while viewing open 
apps, then swipe up or down.
Rearrange your Home screen. Select an icon on the Home screen, double-tap and hold, then 
drag. Lift your finger when the icon is in its new location. Drag an icon to the edge of the screen 
to move it to another Home screen. You can continue to select and move items until you press 
the Home button.
Speak iPhone status information. Tap the status bar at the top of the screen, then swipe left or 
right to hear information about the time, battery life, Wi-Fi signal strength, and more.
Speak notifications. 
Go to Settings > General > Accessibility > VoiceOver, then turn on Always 
Speak Notifications. Notifications, including the text of incoming text messages, are spoken 
as they occur, even if iPhone is locked. Unacknowledged notifications are repeated when you 
unlock iPhone.
Turn the screen curtain on or off. Triple-tap with three fingers. When the screen curtain is on, the 
screen contents are active even though the display is turned off.
Learn VoiceOver gestures
When VoiceOver is on, standard touchscreen gestures have different effects, and additional 
gestures let you move around the screen and control individual items. VoiceOver gestures 
include two-, three-, and four-finger taps and swipes. For best results using multi-finger gestures, 
relax and let your fingers touch the screen with some space between them.
You can use different techniques to perform VoiceOver gestures. For example, you can perform 
a two-finger tap using two fingers of one hand, or one finger from each hand. You can even 
use your thumbs. Some people use a split-tap gesture: instead of selecting an item and double-
tapping, touch and hold an item with one finger, then tap the screen with another finger.
Try different techniques to discover what works best for you. If a gesture doesn’t work, try a 
quicker movement, especially for a double-tap or swipe gesture. To swipe, try brushing the 
screen quickly with your finger or fingers.
In VoiceOver settings, you can enter a special area where you can practice VoiceOver gestures 
without affecting iPhone or its settings.
Practice VoiceOver gestures. 
Go to Settings > General > Accessibility > VoiceOver, then tap 
VoiceOver Practice. When you finish practicing, tap Done. If you don’t see the VoiceOver Practice 
button, make sure VoiceOver is turned on.
Here are some key VoiceOver gestures:
Navigate and read
 •Tap:  Select and speak the item.
 •Swipe right or left:  Select the next or previous item.
 •Swipe up or down:  Depends on the rotor setting. See Use the VoiceOver rotor on page 14 7.
 •Two-finger swipe up:  Read all from the top of the screen.
 •Two-finger swipe down:  Read all from the current position.
 •Two-finger tap:  Stop or resume speaking.
 •Two-finger scrub:  Move two fingers back and forth three times quickly (making a “z”) to 
dismiss an alert or go back to the previous screen.
 •Three-finger swipe up or down:  Scroll one page at a time. 
						

							 Appendix A    Accessibility 14 7
 •Three-finger swipe right or left:  Go to the next or previous page (on the Home screen or in 
Stocks, for example).
 •Three-finger tap:  Speak additional information, such as position within a list or whether text 
is selected.
 •Four-finger tap at top of screen:  Select the first item on the page.
 •Four-finger tap at bottom of screen:  Select the last item on the page.
Activate
 •Double-tap:  Activate the selected item.
 •Triple-tap:  Double-tap an item.
 •Split-tap:  As an alternative to selecting an item and double-tapping to activate it, touch an 
item with one finger, and then tap the screen with another.
 •Double-tap and hold (1 second) + standard gesture:  Use a standard gesture. The double-tap 
and hold gesture tells iPhone to interpret the next gesture as standard. For example, you can 
double-tap and hold, and then without lifting your finger, drag your finger to slide a switch.
 •Two-finger double-tap:  Answer or end a call. Play or pause in Music, Videos, Voice Memos, or 
Photos. Take a photo in Camera. Start or pause recording in Camera or Voice Memos. Start or 
stop the stopwatch.
 •Two-finger double-tap and hold:  Change an item’s label to make it easier to find.
 •Two-finger triple-tap:  Open the Item Chooser.
 •Three-finger double-tap:  Mute or unmute VoiceOver.
 •Three-finger triple-tap:  Turn the screen curtain on or off.
Use the VoiceOver rotor
Use the rotor to choose what happens when you swipe up or down with VoiceOver turned on, or 
to select special input methods such as Braille Screen Input or Handwriting.
Operate the rotor. Rotate two fingers on the screen around a point between them.
Choose your rotor options. Go to Settings > General > Accessibility > VoiceOver > Rotor, then 
select the options you want to include in the rotor.
The available rotor options and their effects depend on what you’re doing. For example, if you’re 
reading an email, you can use the rotor to switch between speaking text word-by-word or 
character-by-character when you swipe up or down. If you’re browsing a webpage, you can set 
the rotor to speak all text (word-by-word or character-by-character), or to jump to the next item 
of a certain type, such as a header or link.
When you use an Apple Wireless Keyboard to control VoiceOver, you can use the rotor to adjust 
settings such as volume, speech rate, use of pitch or phonetics, typing echo, and reading of 
punctuation. See Use VoiceOver with an Apple Wireless Keyboard
 on page 15 0.
Use the onscreen keyboard
When you activate an editable text field, the onscreen keyboard appears (unless you have an 
Apple Wireless Keyboard attached). 
						

							 Appendix A    Accessibility 14 8
Activate a text field. Select the text field, then double-tap. The insertion point and the onscreen 
keyboard appear.
Enter text. Type characters using the onscreen keyboard:
 •Standard typing:  Select a key on the keyboard by swiping left or right, then double-tap to 
enter the character. Or move your finger around the keyboard to select a key and, while 
continuing to touch the key with one finger, tap the screen with another finger. VoiceOver 
speaks the key when it’s selected, and again when the character is entered.
 •Touch typing:  Touch a key on the keyboard to select it, then lift your finger to enter the 
character. If you touch the wrong key, slide your finger to the key you want. VoiceOver 
speaks the character for each key as you touch it, but doesn’t enter a character until you lift 
your finger.
 •Direct Touch typing:  VoiceOver is disabled for the keyboard only, so you can type just as you do 
when VoiceOver is off.
 •Choose typing style:  Go to Settings > General > Accessibility > VoiceOver > Typing Style. Or, set 
the rotor to Typing Mode, then swipe up or down.
Move the insertion point. Swipe up or down to move the insertion point forward or backward in 
the text. Use the rotor to choose whether you want to move the insertion point by character, by 
word, or by line. To jump to the beginning or end, double-tap the text.
VoiceOver makes a sound when the insertion point moves, and speaks the character, word, or 
line that the insertion point moves across. When moving forward by words, the insertion point 
is placed at the end of each word, before the space or punctuation that follows. When moving 
backward, the insertion point is placed at the end of the preceding word, before the space or 
punctuation that follows it.
Move the insertion point past the punctuation at the end of a word or sentence. Use the rotor 
to switch back to character mode.
When moving the insertion point by line, VoiceOver speaks each line as you move across it. 
When moving forward, the insertion point is placed at the beginning of the next line (except 
when you reach the last line of a paragraph, when the insertion point is moved to the end of the 
line just spoken). When moving backward, the insertion point is placed at the beginning of the 
line that’s spoken.
Change typing feedback. 
Go to Settings > General > Accessibility > VoiceOver > 
Typing Feedback.
Use phonetics in typing feedback. 
Go to Settings > General > Accessibility > VoiceOver > 
Use Phonetics. Text is read character by character. VoiceOver first speaks the character, then its 
phonetic equivalent—for example, “f ” and then “foxtrot.”
Delete a character. Use 
 with any of the VoiceOver typing styles. VoiceOver speaks each 
character as it’s deleted. If Use Pitch Change is turned on, VoiceOver speaks deleted characters in 
a lower pitch.
Select text. Set the rotor to Edit, swipe up or down to choose Select or Select All, then double-
tap. If you chose Select, the word closest to the insertion point is selected when you double-
tap. To increase or decrease the selection, do a two-finger scrub to dismiss the pop-up menu, 
then pinch.
Cut, copy, or paste. Set the rotor to Edit, select the text, swipe up or down to choose Cut, Copy, 
or Paste, then double-tap.
Undo. Shake iPhone, swipe left or right to choose the action to undo, then double-tap. 
						

							 Appendix A    Accessibility 14 9
Enter an accented character. In standard typing style, select the plain character, then double-tap 
and hold until you hear a sound indicating alternate characters have appeared. Drag left or right 
to select and hear the choices. Release your finger to enter the current selection. In touch typing 
style, touch and hold a character until the alternate characters appear.
Change the keyboard language. Set the rotor to Language, then swipe up or down. Choose 
“default language” to use the language specified in Language & Region settings. The Language 
rotor item appears only if you select more than one language in Settings > General > 
Accessibility > VoiceOver > Speech.
Write with your finger
Handwriting mode lets you enter text by writing characters on the screen with your finger. In 
addition to normal text entry, use handwriting mode to enter your iPhone passcode silently or 
open apps from the Home screen.
Enter handwriting mode. Use the rotor to select Handwriting. If Handwriting isn’t in the rotor,  
go to Settings > General > Accessibility > VoiceOver > Rotor, then add it.
Choose a character type. Swipe up or down with three fingers to choose lowercase, numbers, 
uppercase, or punctuation.
Hear the currently selected character type. Tap with three fingers.
Enter a character. Trace the character on the screen with your finger.
Enter a space. Swipe right with two fingers.
Go to a new line. Swipe right with three fingers.
Delete the character before the insertion point. Swipe left with two fingers.
Select an item on the Home screen. Start writing the name of the item. If there are multiple 
matches, continue to spell the name until it is unique, or swipe up or down with two fingers to 
choose from the current matches.
Enter your passcode silently. Set the rotor to Handwriting on the passcode screen, then write 
the characters of your passcode.
Skip to a letter in a table index. Select the index to the right of the table, then write the letter.
Set the rotor to a web browsing element type. Write the first letter of a page element type.  
For example, write “l” to have up or down swipes skip to links, or “h” to skip to headings.
Exit handwriting mode. Turn the rotor to a different selection.
Type onscreen braille
With Braille Screen Input enabled, you can use your fingers to enter six-dot or contracted braille 
codes directly on the iPhone screen. Tap codes with iPhone laying flat in front of you (tabletop 
mode), or hold iPhone with the screen facing away so your fingers curl back to tap the screen 
(screen away mode).
Turn on Braille Screen Input. Use the rotor to select Braille Screen Input. If you don’t find it in the 
rotor, go to Settings > General > Accessibility > VoiceOver > Rotor, then add it.
Enter braille codes. Place iPhone flat in front of you or hold it with the screen facing away, then 
tap the screen with one or several fingers at the same time.
Adjust entry dot positions. To move the entry dots to match your natural finger positions, tap 
and lift your right three fingers all at once to position dots 4, 5, and 6, followed immediately by 
your left three fingers for dots 1, 2, and 3. 
						

							 Appendix A    Accessibility 15 0
Switch between 6-dot and contracted braille. Swipe to the right with three fingers. To set the 
default, go to Settings > General > Accessibility > VoiceOver > Braille > Braille Screen Input.
Enter a space. Swipe right with one finger. (In screen away mode, swipe to your right.)
Delete the previous character. Swipe left with one finger.
Cycle through spelling suggestions. Swipe up or down with one finger.
Select an item on the Home screen. Start entering the name of the item. If there are multiple 
matches, continue to spell the name until it is unique, or swipe up or down with one finger to 
select a partial match.
Open the selected app. Swipe right with two fingers.
Turn braille contractions on or off. Swipe to the right with three fingers.
Translate immediately (when contractions are enabled). Swipe down with two fingers.
Stop entering braille. Do a two-finger scrub, or set the rotor to another setting.
Use VoiceOver with an Apple Wireless Keyboard
You can control VoiceOver using an Apple Wireless Keyboard paired with iPhone. See Use an 
Apple Wireless Keyboard
 on page 30.
Use VoiceOver keyboard commands to navigate the screen, select items, read screen contents, 
adjust the rotor, and perform other VoiceOver actions. Most commands use the Control-Option 
key combination, abbreviated in the list that follows as “VO.” 
You can use VoiceOver Help to learn the keyboard layout and the actions associated with various 
key combinations. VoiceOver Help speaks keys and keyboard commands as you type them, 
without performing the associated action.
VoiceOver keyboard commands
VO = Control-Option
 •Turn on VoiceOver help:  VO–K
 •Turn off VoiceOver help:  Escape
 •Select the next or previous item:  VO–Right Arrow or VO–Left Arrow
 •Double-tap to activate the selected item:  VO–Space bar
 •Press the Home button:  VO–H
 •Touch and hold the selected item:  VO–Shift–M
 •Move to the status bar:  VO–M
 •Read from the current position:  VO–A
 •Read from the top:  VO–B
 •Pause or resume reading:  Control
 •Copy the last spoken text to the clipboard:  VO–Shift–C
 •Search for text:  VO–F
 •Mute or unmute VoiceOver:  VO–S
 •Open Notification Center:  Fn–VO–Up Arrow
 •Open Control Center:  Fn–VO–Down Arrow
 •Open the Item Chooser:  VO–I
 •Change the label of the selected item:  VO–/