Apple Ipad Ios7 User Guide

							 Appendix A    Accessibility 111
Use a table index to skip through a long list. Select the table index to the right of the table (for 
example, next to your Contacts list or in the VoiceOver Item Chooser), then write the letter.
Set the rotor to a web browsing element type. Write the first letter of a page element type. For 
example, write “l” to have up or down swipes skip to links, or “h” to skip to headings.
Exit handwriting mode. Turn the rotor to a different selection.
Read math equations
VoiceOver can read aloud math equations encoded using:
 •MathML on the web
 •MathML or LaTeX in iBooks Author
Hear an equation. Have VoiceOver read the text as usual. VoiceOver says “math” before it starts 
reading an equation.
Explore the equation. Double tap the selected equation to display it full screen and move 
through it one element at a time. Swipe left or right to read elements of the equation. Use the 
rotor to select Symbols, Small Expressions, Medium Expressions, or Large Expressions, then swipe 
up or down to hear the next element of that size. You can continue to double-tap the selected 
element to “drill down” into the equation to focus on the selected element, then swipe left or 
right, up or down to read one part at a time.
Equations read by VoiceOver can also be output to a braille device using Nemeth code, as well 
as the codes used by Unified English Braille, British English, French, and Greek. See Support for 
braille displays
 on page 11 4 .
Use VoiceOver with Safari
Search the web. Select the search field, enter your search, then swipe right or left to move down 
or up the list of suggested search phrases. Then double-tap the screen to search the web using 
the selected phrase.
Skip to the next page element of a particular type. Set the rotor to the element type, then 
swipe up or down.
Set the rotor options for web browsing. Go to Settings > General > Accessibility > VoiceOver > 
Rotor. Tap to select or deselect options, or drag 
 up to reposition an item.
Skip images while navigating. Go to Settings > General > Accessibility > VoiceOver > Navigate 
Images. You can choose to skip all images or only those without descriptions.
Reduce page clutter for easier reading and navigation. Select the Reader item in the Safari 
address field (not available for all pages).
If you pair an Apple Wireless Keyboard with iPad, you can use single-key Quick Nav commands to 
navigate webpages. See Use VoiceOver with an Apple Wireless Keyboard
 on page 11 2 .
Use VoiceOver with Maps
With VoiceOver, you can zoom in or out, select a pin, or get information about a location.
Explore the map. Drag your finger around the screen, or swipe left or right to move to 
another item.
Zoom in or out. Select the map, set the rotor to Zoom, then swipe down or up with one finger.
Pan the map. Swipe with three fingers.
Browse visible points of interest. Set the rotor to Points of Interest, then swipe up or down with 
one finger. 
						

							 Appendix A    Accessibility 11 2
Follow a road. Hold your finger down on the road, wait until you hear “pause to follow,” then 
move your finger along the road while listening to the guide tone. The pitch increases when you 
stray from the road.
Select a pin. Touch a pin, or swipe left or right to select the pin. 
Get information about a location. With a pin selected, double-tap to display the information 
flag. Swipe left or right to select the More Info button, then double-tap to display the 
information page.
Hear location cues as you move about. Turn on Tracking with heading to hear street names and 
points of interest as you approach them.
Edit videos with VoiceOver
You can use VoiceOver gestures to trim Camera videos.
Trim a video. While viewing a video, double-tap the screen to display the video controls. Select 
the beginning or end of the trim tool. Then swipe up to drag to the right, or swipe down to 
drag to the left. VoiceOver announces the amount of time the current position will trim from the 
recording. To complete the trim, select Trim and double-tap.
Use VoiceOver with an Apple Wireless Keyboard
You can control VoiceOver using an Apple Wireless Keyboard paired with iPad. See Bluetooth 
devices
 on page 32.
Use VoiceOver keyboard commands to navigate the screen, select items, read screen contents, 
adjust the rotor, and perform other VoiceOver actions. Most commands use the Control-Option 
key combination, abbreviated in the table that follow as “VO.”
You can use VoiceOver Help to learn the keyboard layout and the actions associated with various 
key combinations. VoiceOver Help speaks keys and keyboard commands as you type them, 
without performing the associated action. 
VoiceOver keyboard commands
VO = Control-Option
 •Turn on VoiceOver help:  VO–K
 •Turn off VoiceOver help:  Escape
 •Select the next or previous item:  VO–Right Arrow or VO–Left Arrow
 •Double-tap to activate the selected item:  VO–Space bar
 •Press the Home button:  VO–H
 •Touch and hold the selected item:  VO–Shift–M
 •Move to the status bar:  VO–M
 •Read from the current position:  VO–A
 •Read from the top:  VO–B
 •Pause or resume reading:  Control
 •Copy the last spoken text to the clipboard:  VO–Shift–C
 •Search for text:  VO–F
 •Mute or unmute VoiceOver:  VO–S
 •Open Notification Center:  Fn–VO–Up Arrow
 •Open Control Center:  Fn–VO–Down Arrow
 •Open the Item Chooser:  VO–I 
						

							 Appendix A    Accessibility 11 3
 •Change the label of the selected item:  VO–/
 •Double-tap with two fingers:  VO–”-”
 •Adjust the rotor:  Use Quick Nav (see below)
 •Swipe up or down:  VO–Up Arrow or VO–Down Arrow
 •Adjust the speech rotor:  VO–Command–Left Arrow or VO–Command–Right Arrow
 •Adjust the setting specified by the speech rotor:  VO–Command–Up Arrow or VO–Command–
Down Arrow
 •Turn the screen curtain on or off:  VO–Shift–S
 •Return to the previous screen:  Escape
 •Switch apps:  Command–Tab or Command–Shift–Tab
Quick Nav
Turn on Quick Nav to control VoiceOver using the arrow keys.
 •Turn Quick Nav on or off:  Left Arrow–Right Arrow
 •Select the next or previous item:  Right Arrow or Left Arrow
 •Select the next or previous item specified by the rotor:  Up Arrow or Down Arrow
 •Select the first or last item:  Control–Up Arrow or Control–Down Arrow
 •Tap an item:  Up Arrow–Down Arrow
 •Scroll up, down, left, or right:  Option–Up Arrow, Option–Down Arrow, Option–Left Arrow, or 
Option–Right Arrow
 •Adjust the rotor:  Up Arrow–Left Arrow or Up Arrow–Right Arrow
Single-letter Quick Nav for the web
When you view a webpage with Quick Nav enabled, you can use the following keys on the 
keyboard to navigate the page quickly. Typing the key moves to the next item of the indicated 
type. To move to the previous item, hold the Shift key as you type the letter.
 •Heading:  H
 •Link:  L
 •Text field:  R
 •Button:  B
 •Form control:  C 
 •Image:  I
 •Table:  T
 •Static text:  S
 •ARIA landmark:  W
 •List:  X
 •Item of the same type:  M
 •Level 1 heading:  1
 •Level 2 heading:  2
 •Level 3 heading:  3
 •Level 4 heading:  4
 •Level 5 heading:  5
 •Level 6 heading:  6 
						

							 Appendix A    Accessibility 11 4
Text editing
Use these commands (with Quick Nav turned off ) to work with text. VoiceOver reads the text as 
you move the insertion point.
 •Go forward or back one character:  Right Arrow or Left Arrow
 •Go forward or back one word:  Option–Right Arrow or Option–Left Arrow
 •Go up or down one line:  Up Arrow or Down Arrow
 •Go to the beginning or end of the line:  Command–Left Arrow or Command–Down Arrow
 •Go to the beginning or end of the paragraph:  Option–Up Arrow or Option–Down Arrow
 •Go to the previous or next paragraph:  Option–Up Arrow or Option–Down Arrow
 •Go to the top or bottom of the text field:  Command–Up Arrow or Command–Down Arrow
 •Select text as you move:  Shift + any of the insertion point movement commands above
 •Select all text:  Command–A
 •Copy, cut, or paste the selected text:  Command–C, Command–X, or Command–V
 •Undo or redo last change:  Command–Z or Shift–Command–Z
Support for braille displays
You can use a Bluetooth braille display to read VoiceOver output, and you can use a braille 
display with input keys and other controls to control iPad when VoiceOver is turned on. For a list 
of supported braille displays, go to www.apple.com/accessibility/ios/braille-display.html.
Connect a braille display. Turn on the display, then go to Settings > General > Bluetooth and 
turn on Bluetooth. Then go to Settings > General > Accessibility > VoiceOver > Braille and 
choose the display.
Adjust Braille settings. Go to Settings > General > Accessibility > VoiceOver > Braille, where you can:
 •Turn on contracted braille
 •Turn off automatic braille translation
 •Turn off eight-dot braille
 •Turn on the status cell and choose its location
 •Turn on Nemeth code for equations
 •Display the onscreen keyboard
 •Change the braille translation from Unified English
For information about common braille commands for VoiceOver navigation, and for information 
specific to certain displays, go to support.apple.com/kb/HT4400.
Set the language for VoiceOver. Go to Settings > General > International > Language.
If you change the language for iPad, you may need to reset the language for VoiceOver and your 
braille display.
You can set the leftmost or rightmost cell of your braille display to provide system status and 
other information:
 •Announcement History contains an unread message
 •The current Announcement History message hasn’t been read
 •VoiceOver speech is muted
 •The iPad battery is low (less than 20% charge)
 •iPad is in landscape orientation 
						

							 Appendix A    Accessibility 11 5
 •The screen display is turned off
 •The current line contains additional text to the left
 •The current line contains additional text to the right
Set the leftmost or rightmost cell to display status information. Go to Settings > General > 
Accessibility > VoiceOver > Braille > Status Cell, then tap Left or Right.
See an expanded description of the status cell. On your braille display, press the status cell’s 
router button.
Siri
With Siri, you can do things such as opening apps just by asking, and VoiceOver can read Siri 
responses to you. For information, see Use Siri
 on page 37 .
Zoom
Many apps let you zoom in or out on specific items. For example, you can double-tap or pinch 
to expand webpage columns in Safari. But, there’s also a Zoom feature that lets you magnify the 
entire screen, no matter what you’re doing. And, you can use Zoom together with VoiceOver.
Turn Zoom on or off. Go to Settings > General > Accessibility > Zoom. Or use the Accessibility 
Shortcut—see Accessibility Shortcut
 on page 10 4 .
Zoom in or out. Double-tap the screen with three fingers.
Vary the magnification.  With three fingers, tap and drag up or down. The tap-and-drag gesture is 
similar to a double-tap, except you don’t lift your fingers on the second tap—instead, drag your 
fingers on the screen. Once you start dragging, you can drag with a single finger. iPad returns to 
the adjusted magnification when you zoom out and in again using the three-finger double-tap.
Pan around the screen. While zoomed in, drag the screen with three fingers. Once you start 
dragging, you can continue with just one finger. Or, hold a single finger near the edge of the 
screen to pan to that side. Move your finger closer to the edge to pan more quickly. When you 
open a new screen, Zoom goes to the top-middle of the screen.
While using Zoom with an Apple Wireless Keyboard, the screen image follows the insertion point, 
keeping it in the center of the display. See Use an Apple Wireless Keyboard
 on page 25 .
Invert Colors
Sometimes, inverting the colors on the iPad screen may make it easier to read. When Invert 
Colors is turned on, the screen looks like a photographic negative.
Invert the screen’s colors. Go to Settings > General > Accessibility > Invert Colors.
Speak Selection
Even with VoiceOver turned off, you can have iPad read aloud any text you select.
Turn on Speak Selection. Go to Settings > General > Accessibility > Speak Selection. There you 
can also:
 •Adjust the speaking rate
 •Choose to have individual words highlighted as they’re read
Have text read to you. Select the text, then tap Speak. 
						

							 Appendix A    Accessibility 11 6
Speak Auto-Text
Speak Auto-text speaks the text corrections and suggestions iPad makes when you type.
Turn Speak Auto-text on or off. Go to Settings > General > Accessibility > Speak Auto-text.
Speak Auto-text also works with VoiceOver and Zoom.
Large, bold, and high-contrast text
Display larger text in apps such as Calendar, Contacts, Mail, Messages, and Notes. Go to 
Settings > General > Accessibility > Larger Text, where you can turn on Larger Dynamic Type and 
adjust the font size.
Display bolder text for items on iPad. Go to Settings > General > Accessibility and turn on 
Bold Text.
Increase the contrast of text where possible. Go to Settings > General > Accessibility and turn 
on Increase Contrast.
Reduced screen motion
You can stop the motion of some screen elements, such as the parallax effect of icons and alerts.
Reduce motion. Go to Settings > General > Accessibility and turn on Reduce Motion.
On/off switch labels
To make it easier to see whether a setting is on or off, you can have iPad show an additional label 
on on/off switches.
Add switch-setting labels. Go to Settings > General > Accessibility and turn on On/Off Labels.
Hearing aids
If you have a Made for iPhone hearing aid (works with iPad 4th generation or later and all 
iPad minis), you can use iPad to adjust its settings to suit your listening needs.
Adjust hearing aid settings and view status. Go to Settings > General > Accessibility >  
Hearing Aids, or set the Accessibility Shortcut to open Hearing Aid Control. See  Accessibility 
Shortcut
 on page 10 4 .
For shortcut access from the Lock screen, turn on Settings > Accessibility > Hearing Aids > 
Control on Lock Screen. Use the settings to:
 •Check hearing aid battery status.
 •Adjust ambient microphone volume and equalization.
 •Choose which hearing aids (left, right, or both) should receive streaming audio.
 •Control Live Listen.
Use iPad as a remote microphone. You can use Live Listen to stream sound from the 
microphone in iPad to your hearing aids. This can help you hear better in some situations by 
positioning iPad nearer the sound source. Triple-click the Home button, choose Hearing Aids, 
then tap Start Live Listen.
Stream audio to your hearing aids. Stream audio from Siri, Music, Videos, and more, by choosing 
your hearing aids from the AirPlay menu 
. 
						

							 Appendix A    Accessibility 11 7
Subtitles and closed captions
The Videos app includes an Alternate Track button  you can tap to choose subtitles and 
captions offered by the video you’re watching. Standard subtitles and captions are usually listed, 
but if you prefer special accessible captions, such as subtitles for the deaf and hard of hearing 
(SDH), you can set iPad to list them instead if they’re available.
Prefer accessible subtitles and closed captions for the hard of hearing in the list of available 
subtitles and captions. Turn on Settings > General > Accessibility > Subtitles & Captioning > 
Closed Captions + SDH. This also turns on subtitles and captions in the Videos app.
Choose from available subtitles and captions. In Videos, tap 
 while watching a video.
Customize your subtitles and captions. Go to Settings > General > Accessibility > Subtitles & 
Captioning > Style, where you can choose an existing caption style or create a new style based 
on your choice of:
 •Font, size, and color
 •Background color and opacity
 •Text opacity, edge style, and highlight
Not all video content includes closed captions.
Mono audio and balance
Mono Audio combines the sound from the left and right channels into a mono signal played on 
both channels. This way you can hear everything with either ear, or through both ears with one 
channel set louder.
Turn Mono Audio on or off and adjust the balance. Go to Settings > General > Accessibility > 
Mono Audio.
Assignable tones
You can assign distinctive ringtones to people in your contacts list for audible FaceTime caller ID. 
You can also assign distinct tones to alert you of a variety of other events, including new voicemail, 
new mail, sent mail, Tweet, Facebook Post, and reminders. See Sounds and silence
 on page 29 . 
You can purchase ringtones from the iTunes Store on iPad. See Chapter 22, iTunes Store, on page 91.
Guided Access
Guided Access helps someone using iPad to stay focused on a task. Guided Access limits iPad to 
a single app, and lets you control which app features are available. Use Guided Access to:
 •Temporarily restrict iPad to a particular app
 •Disable areas of the screen that aren’t relevant to a task, or areas where an accidental gesture 
might cause a distraction
 •Disable the iPad hardware buttons
Use Guided Access. Go to Settings > General > Accessibility > Guided Access, where you can:
 •Turn Guided Access on or off
 •Set a passcode that controls the use of Guided Access and prevents someone from leaving an 
active session
 •Set whether other accessibility shortcuts are available during a session 
						

							 Appendix A    Accessibility 11 8
Start a Guided Access session. Open the app you want to run, then triple-click the Home button. 
Adjust settings for the session, then click Start.
 •Disable app controls and areas of the app screen:  Circle any part of the screen you want to 
disable. Use the handles to adjust the area.
 •Enable the Sleep/Wake or Volume buttons:  Tap Options below Hardware Buttons.
 •Ignore all screen touches:  Turn off Touch.
 •Keep iPad from switching from portrait to landscape or from responding to any other motions:  
Turn off Motion.
End a Guided Access session. Triple-click the Home button and enter the Guided 
Access passcode.
Switch Control
Switch Control lets you control iPad using a single switch, or multiple switches. Use any of several 
methods to perform actions such as selecting, tapping, dragging, typing, and even free-hand 
drawing. The basic technique is to use a switch to select an item or location on the screen, and 
then use the same (or different) switch to choose an action to perform on that item or location. 
Three basic methods are:
 •Item scanning (default), which highlights different items on the screen until you select one.
 •Point scanning, which lets you use scanning crosshairs to pick a screen location.
 •Manual selection, which lets you move from item to item on demand (requires multiple switches).
Whichever method you use, when you select an individual item (rather than a group), a menu 
appears so you can choose how to act on the selected item (tap, drag, or pinch, for example).
If you use multiple switches, you can set up each switch to perform a specific action and 
customize your item selection method. For example, instead of automatically scanning screen 
items, you can set up switches to move to the next or previous item on demand.
You can adjust the behavior of Switch Control in a variety of ways, to suit your specific needs 
and style.
Add a switch and turn on Switch Control
You can use any of these as a switch:
 •An external adaptive switch. Choose from a variety of popular USB or Bluetooth switches.
 •The iPad screen. Tap on the screen to trigger the switch.
 •The iPad FaceTime camera. Move your head to trigger the switch. You can use the camera as 
two switches; one when you move your head to the left, and the other when you move your 
head to the right.
Add a switch and choose its action. Go to Settings > General > Accessibility > Switch Control > 
Switches.
Turn on Switch Control. Go to Settings > General > Accessibility > Switch Control, or use the 
Accessibility Shortcut—see Accessibility Shortcut
 on page 10 4 .
Turn off Switch Control. Use any scanning method to select Settings > General > Accessibility > 
Switch Control.
Bail out! Triple-click the Home button at any time to exit from Switch Control. 
						

							 Appendix A    Accessibility 11 9
Basic techniques
These techniques work whether you’re scanning by item or by point.
Select an item. While the item is highlighted, trigger the switch you’ve set up as your Select Item 
switch. If you are using a single switch, it is your Select Item switch by default.
Display available actions. Select an item using the Select Item switch. Available actions appear 
in the control menu that is displayed when you select the item.
Tap an item. Use your selection method to choose Tap from the control menu that appears 
when you select the item. Or turn on Settings > General > Accessibility > Switch Control >  
Auto Tap, then just select an item and do nothing for the Auto Tap interval (0.75 seconds if 
you haven’t adjusted it). Or set up a switch specifically to perform the tap gesture at Settings > 
General > Accessibility > Switch Control > Switches.
Perform other gestures or actions. Select the gesture or action from the control menu that 
appears when you select the item. If you have Auto Tap turned on, trigger your switch within the 
Auto Tap interval, then select the gesture. If there is more than one page of actions available, tap 
the dots at the bottom of the menu to go to another page.
Dismiss the control menu. Tap while all the icons in the menu are dimmed.
Scroll the screen to see more items. Select any item on the screen, then choose Scroll from the 
control menu.
Perform a hardware action. Select any item, then select Device from the menu that appears. You 
can use the menu to mimic these actions:
 •Click the Home button
 •Double-click the Home button for multitasking
 •Open Notification Center or Control Center
 •Press the Sleep/Wake button to lock iPad
 •Rotate iPad
 •Flip the Side Switch
 •Press the Volume buttons
 •Hold down the Home button to open Siri
 •Triple-click the Home button
 •Shake iPad
 •Press the Home and Sleep/Wake buttons simultaneously to take a screenshot
Item scanning
Item scanning alternately highlights each item or group of items on the screen until you trigger 
your Select Item switch. When you select a group, highlighting continues with the items in the 
group. When you select a unique item, scanning stops and a menu of actions appears. Item 
scanning is the default when you first turn on Switch Control.
Select an item or enter a group. Watch (or listen) as items are highlighted. When the item 
you want to control (or the group containing the item) is highlighted, trigger your Select Item 
switch. Work your way down the hierarchy of items until you select the individual item you want 
to control.
Back out of a group. Trigger your Select Item switch when the dashed highlight around the 
group or item appears. 
						

							 Appendix A    Accessibility 12 0
Tap the selected item. Choose Tap from the menu that appears when you select the item. Or, if 
you have Auto Tap enabled, just do nothing for three-quarters of a second.
Perform another action. Select any item, then select the action from the menu that appears. If 
you have Auto Tap turned on, act on your switch within three quarters of a second of selecting 
an item in order to display a menu of available gestures.
Point scanning
Point scanning lets you select an item on the screen by pinpointing it with scanning crosshairs.
Turn on point scanning. Use item scanning to select Settings from the control menu, then select 
Item Mode to toggle it to Point Mode. The vertical crosshair appears when you close the menu.
Return to item scanning. Select Settings from the control menu, then select Point Mode to 
toggle it to Item Mode.
Settings and adjustments
Adjust basic settings. Go to Settings > General > Accessibility > Switch Control, where you can:
 •Add switches
 •Turn off auto scanning (if you’ve added a “Move to Next Item” switch)
 •Adjust the scanning interval
 •Set scanning to pause on the first item in a group
 •Choose how many times to cycle through the screen before hiding Switch Control
 •Turn Auto Tap on or off and set the interval for performing a second switch action to show the 
control menu
 •Set whether a movement action is repeated when you hold down a switch, and how long to 
wait before repeating
 •Set whether and how long you need to hold a switch down before it’s accepted as a switch 
action
 •Have Switch Control ignore accidental repeated switch triggers
 •Adjust the point scanning speed
 •Turn on sound effects or speech
 •Select the items you want to see in the menu
 •Make the selection cursor larger or a different color
 •Set whether items should be grouped while item scanning
 •Save custom gestures that you can choose from the Action portion of the control menu
Fine-tune Switch Control. Choose Settings from the control menu to:
 •Adjust scanning speed
 •Change the location of the control menu
 •Switch between item scan mode and point scan mode
 •Choose whether point scan mode displays crosshairs or a grid
 •Reverse the scanning direction
 •Turn sound or speech accompaniment on or off
 •Turn off groups to scan items one at a time