Tascam Digital Multitrack Recorder DA-98 Owners Manual
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Section 9 – Synchronization with other DTRS units 9-2 – 1.00 – 06/97 It therefore makes sense to set the machine IDs of all DA-88s in the chain first, immediately after connections have been made with the power off, and then turn on power to all units before setting the machine IDs of all DA-98s and DA-38s in the chain. 9.2.2 Setting machine ID 1) Select menu group 3, move the cursor to Mcn ID , and press ENTER: 2) Use the UP and DOWN keys to select a value from 1 to 16. 9.2.3 Master/slave settings (CHASE mode) Each unit with an ID greater than 1 is regarded as a slave unit.1) On each slave unit, go to menu group 3, move the cursor to TimeMode and press ENTER: If the bottom line does not show ABS (if it shows TC), press the UP or DOWN key so that ABS is displayed. 2) On each slave unit, press the CHASE switch [16]. The CHASE indicator will start flashing. 3) Press any of the transport controls on the master unit (machine ID 1). The slave unit(s) will synchronize and follow the transport commands of the master. When a slave unit is locked to the master unit, its CHASE indicator will light steadily. 4) To turn off chase mode on a slave unit, press the CHASE switch or the STOP key [34] so that the CHASE indicator goes off. 9.3 Machine offset It is sometimes necessary to offset a unit in the chain relative to the master unit. This offset can be set to frame accuracy to a maximum value of ±02:00:00:00. 9.3.1 Setting machine offset 1) Select menu group 3, move the cursor to Mcn Offset , and press ENTER: DA-38 3 3 Tape counter menu systemON NOTE When you set the machine IDs, you can set the ID of any machine first, but we recommend doing this in a standard sequence, working from the head of the chain to the end. Machine ID Machine 1 NOTE If you try to set the ID to a value other than 1 when the synchronization cable is not connected, the display will show an error message. Press ESCAPE to remove the message and continue. UnitHow the ID is set Time Mode ABS NOTE This offset is unrelated to timecode offset and refers only to the machine offset when synchronized to other DTRS units. Machine Offset +00:12:38:00 ABS
Section 9 – Synchronization with other DTRS units 06/97 – 1.00 – 9-3 2) Use the LEFT and RIGHT keys to select the field to be edited (hours, minutes, seconds or frames) and the UP and DOWN keys to change the value of that field. You can use the function keys as number keys (see 5.2.2, “Using the function keys as number keys”) to enter the value directly. You can also change the sign of the offset value between + and - by moving the cursor to the sign. 3) Use the ENTER key to confirm the setting. 9.3.2 Cancelling machine offset To cancel machine offset, simply set the offset value to 00:00:00:00. 1) Press and hold down the UP key and press the DOWN key to reset the value in the Machine Offset menu (see above). Machine offset will now be cancelled. 9.3.3 Setting machine offset “on the fly” As well as entering an absolute number, it is also possible to enter a number “on the fly” as the tapes are playing. 1) On the slave machine, select menu group 3, move the cursor to Mcn Offset, and press ENTER. 2) Make sure chase mode (see 9.2.3, “Master/slave settings (CHASE mode)”) is off on the slave unit. 3) Use the LEFT and RIGHT keys to move the cursor to a second “invisible” field to the right of the frames field4) Locate the two tapes (master and slave) so that they have the right offset. You can play the tapes and pause them or carry out the next operation while one or both tapes is being played back. 5) Press either the UP or DOWN key at the correct offset time to capture and store the offset. The current difference between the master and slave tapes will be be displayed on the bottom line of the display screen and stored as an offset. 9.3.4 An example of setting offsets A practical example of setting offsets is given here. The master DA-98 contains the tape with the dia- log and reference tracks from the video worktape. Another DA-98 (the slave) has a tape with some tracks containing video backing music.It is neces- sary to produce an offset between the two so that when the master is played, the music tracks will start at the correct time relative to the dialog and reference tracks. NOTE There is an “invisible” field immediately to the right of the frames field. If you place the cursor there and incre- ment or decrement the value, you can change the time as a whole (as the frame field passes its maximum value, the seconds field will increment). Machine Offset AUTO OFFSET NOTES The value entered in this way can be edited later using the technique described above. You cannot determine the offset from an unformatted tape, or if either tape is currently displaying a negative ABS value. Backing music Copy of video worktape audio tracks Connection from SYNC OUT to SYNC IN 00:57:00:00 Start of tape 01:00:00:00 Start of video 01:02:21:18 Music entry 00:57:00:00 Start of tape 01:00:00:00 Start of music (tape is cued here) Press the UP or DOWN key at this point. Offset will be set to 00:02:21:18
Section 9 – Synchronization with other DTRS units 9-4 – 1.00 – 06/97 1) Locate the slave tape with the backing music to the start of the music. The shuttle mode is useful here (see 8.6, “Shuttle operations”). 2) Rewind the master to a little before you want the music to enter. 3) Make sure the slave is ready to accept an “on- the-fly” offset entry as described above. 4) Start playing the master DA-98. 5) When the music entry point is reached, press the UP or DOWN key to capture the offset point. 6) Stop the master, and set the slave into CHASE mode (see 9.2.3, “Master/slave settings (CHASE mode)”). 7) Rewind the master to a little before the music entry and start playing. The slave machine should now follow the transport movements of the master, with the appropriate off- set, so that the music enters at the right point. 9.4 Digital dubbing When you copy tapes between DTRS units in the digital domain, there is no loss of quality. A “worktape” or copy is therefore indistinguishable from the original. Additionally, the DA-98 uses low-cost media (Hi8 video cassettes).You may want to exploit these features of the DTRS system to make archive copies, and “safety copies” of important material (see 1.5, “Recom- mended tapes” for our suggestions on tape use). 1) With the power to all units turned OFF, make the synchronization connections as described in 9.1, “Synchronization connections”. Remember to terminate the slave unit. 2) Connect the DIGITAL I/O [45] of the master unit (source) to the DIGITAL I/O of the slave (target). Use only the approved cables (PW-88D or PW- 88DL) to connect the DTRS units. Use of any other cables can cause damage to the units and will invalidate the warranties. 3) Turn on both units. Make sure the machines’ IDs are correctly set (see 9.2.2, “Setting machine ID”). 4) Insert the master tape into the source master and a blank tape, formatted with the same sampling frequency as the master tape, into the target slave. 5) Select DIGITAL INPUT on the target slave (see 8.10.1, “Changing between digital and analog inputs”). 6) Put the target slave machine into CHASE mode (see 9.2.3, “Master/slave settings (CHASE mode)”). 7) Locate the master tape to a point before the material you want to duplicate. The target slave will also locate since it is in CHASE mode. 8) Arm all tracks (REC FUNCTION) on the target slave machine. 9) Make sure that all REC FUNCTION switches on the source master are turned OFF. NOTE When you copy tracks from DA-88 units, the word length should be set to 16 bits (see 8.10.2, “Selecting word length”) ÁoÁtÁrÁg ÁoÁtÁrÁgSOURCE MASTER TARGET SLAVE PW-88D or PW-88DL (digital I/O cable) PW-88S (sync cable) Terminator plug NOTE If any REC FUNCTION switches on the source master are turned on, you will erase your master tape! You may want to use the tape’s write-protect tab (see 6.3.1, “Write-protecting cassettes”).
Section 9 – Synchronization with other DTRS units 06/97 – 1.00 – 9-5 10) On the master machine, hold down RECORD and press PLAY. No recording will take place on the source master, but the tracks will be recorded digitally on a one- to-one basis to the target slave. There is no need to carry out any special pre-dub- bing procedure such as timing the digital output – the digital and analog outputs are separate. You can use the Track Copy functions on the target slave machine (see 8.11, “Routing digital inputs”) to transfer tracks from the source master tape to different tracks on the target slave. Note that you cannot combine tracks by this method. 9.4.1 Synchronized formatting When several units are connected together, you can format several tapes simultaneously, using one machine as the master. This can be a very conve- nient way of saving time and effort. 1) Make sure that all machines are connected together using the SYNC connections, as described above, and that the last unit in the chain is terminated. 2) Load a blank unformatted tape into each DTRS unit. Make sure all tapes are the same length. 3) Press the CHASE switch [16] on all of the slave DTRS units. The indicator will flash. 4) Press FORMAT/Fs [6] twice within five seconds, on each of the DTRS units (master and all slaves) so that all FORMAT indicators are lit. The first time you press the FORMAT/Fs switch, the indicator will flash. Press it again within five seconds to select format mode. If you wait more than 5 seconds, the indicator will stop flashing. If you press the CLEAR key [11] while the FORMAT indicator is lit steadily, you will cancel the format operation. 5) Select the same sampling rate (48kHz or 44.1kHz) on each DTRS unit. Any slave DTRS unit which has a different sam- pling frequency selected from that selected on the master will display an error message. 6) Press and hold PLAY and press RECORD on the master. All slave units’ CHASE indicators will light steadily, and the tapes will start to be formatted in synchronization. 9.4.2 Recording while formatting As with a single-machine format (see 6.1.2, “Recording while formatting”), it is possible to record while formatting. You may want to use this feature when making a live multi-machine recording, and there has not been time to format all the tapes in advance of the performance. Remember that you should let the tapes run to the end–you should not halt the formatting/recording process part of the way through the tape. 9.5 Error messages These error messages refer to DTRS synchronization: Appears if the digital cable is not connected.. Re- connect the correct cable to the DIGITAL I/O connector. Appears when the sync cable is not connected, the master has been turned off, or the master’s sam- pling frequency is different from that of the slave unit’s. Recheck these parameters. If either of these messages appears, correct the fault, and press the ESCAPE key to return to nor- mal operation. WARNING! TDIF(dubbing)cable not connected WARNING! No clock from MASTER Check connections and settings
Section 9 – Synchronization with other DTRS units 9-6 – 1.00 – 06/97
Section 10 – Operations related to timecode 06/97 – 1.00 – 10-1 10 – Operations related to timecode The DA-98 contains synchronization facilities, including a timecode generator, which allow it to act either as a timecode master or a timecode slave. If timecode is recorded, a special discrete subcode track is used, which leaves all eight tracks free for recording and playback of audio material. However, the DA-98 is able to synchronize with external timecode devices, even if the DA-98 tape has not been striped, by converting its internal servo subcode (ABS) to timecode “on-the-fly”. A full range of options is provided for full com- patibility with the widest possible range of other equipment. 10.1 ABS and SMPTE/EBU timecode In some menus, by the time value, you may see either ABS or TC. Here, we explain these two dif- ferent timing reference methods and the differ- ences between them. 10.1.1 ABS time “ABS” stands for “Absolute”, and is the absolute time of the tape as recorded on the subcode of the tape. This timing starts at the beginning of the tape with a value of 00:00:00:00. This is the timing ref- erence used when the DA-98 is not using SMPTE/ EBU timecode. Timecode (whether SMPTE or EBU) contains a fixed number of frames per second. However, the ABS method of timing works in a slightly differ- ent way. In three seconds of time, there are 100 frames. These frames are allocated as follows:This pattern is repeated every three seconds, as you will notice when you set frame values using the menu system in ABS mode. When multiple DTRS units are connected together in DTRS sync mode, the master unit always outputs ABS tim- ings to the slave unit(s). 10.1.2 Tape timecode “TC” stands for timecode, and is shown whenever a SMPTE/EBU timecode value is used rather than the ABS value. The timecode may be internal or external and can be SMPTE/EBU, received and transmitted via the TIME CODE IN/OUT jacks [37], or SMPTE/EBU timecode synthesized from the ABS subcode (see 10.2, “Tape timecode mode”). Whether the SMPTE/EBU timecode is generated or synthesized, we will refer to it as “timecode” in this manual, to distinguish it from ABS timing values. SMPTE/EBU timecode can be re-produced inde- pendently of ABS timings and can be of any frame format supported by common timecode standards. When multiple DTRS units are connected, and the master unit’s CHASE mode is set on, the master will chase to any incoming timecode, regardless of whether timecode or ABS timings have been selected as the time mode (see 10.1.3, “Selecting TC or ABS timing” below). Timing information received and transmitted from and to external controllers (e.g. RS-422, MIDI or Bus) will always be referenced to timecode values. When the DA-98 is referenced to its absolute timecode, the ABS indicator to the left of the tape counter [2] will light, and when referenced to timecode (internal or external), the TC indicator will light. 10.1.3 Selecting TC or ABS timing SecondNumber of framesMaximum frame value displayed 00 – 01 33 32 01 – 02 33 32 02 – 03 34 33 NOTE This procedure is fundamental to synchronization oper- ations. If you select absolute timing mode when you want to synchronize with timecode, you will be unable to synchronize the DA-98.
Section 10 – Operations related to timecode 10-2 – 1.00 – 06/97 To change between the two different time refer- ence modes, perform the following procedure: 1) Select menu group 3 and press ENTER: 2) Select Time Mode and press ENTER. 3) You can use the UP and DOWN keys to select either ABS (absolute) or TC (timecode). The appropriate indicator by the tape counter (either ABS or TC) will light. 10.1.4 Location point settings 10.2 Tape timecode mode The following procedure allows you to select the source for tape timecode (including ABS timings used to synthesize SMPTE timecode. This synthe- sized timecode is treated exactly as if a tape had been striped with timecode). 1) Go to menu group 5, move the cursor to Tape TC, and press ENTER: 2) Use the UP and DOWN keys to choose between the various options: TcTrack, ABS, ABS- Ofs , ABS-13 and ABS-23. These options are all described individually below. 10.2.1 TcTrack setting This is the one setting in this menu which does not use the ABS conversion facility. You should only use this setting if you have already striped the ded- icated timecode track with timecode (either from an external source or from the DA-98’s own inter- nal generator). If you have selected TcTrack in the menu above, any timecode recorded on the tape will be used as the tape timecode source. 10.2.2 ABS setting If you have selected ABS in the menu above, the ABS subcode time from the tape will be used as the timecode, with the start of the tape having a timecode value of 00:00:00:00, as with the ABS code itself. The timecode frame rate used will be the frame rate as selected in 10.3, “Selecting the frame rate”). 10.2.3 ABS-Ofs setting As with the previous setting, this converts the ABS subcode timing to timecode, but allows you to add an offset to the absolute value so that the timecode does not start at the zero point. When you select this option, the display will change to allow you to enter an offset time: Mcn ID Ctrl Prt McnOffset Trk Arm TimeMode ABS NOTE If you change an offset value (timecode or ABS), any punch points, location memories, etc. will be invali- dated. For example, if you change the offset to 00:30:00:00 (30 minutes) from 00:00:00:00 (no offset), a punch point which was previously at 00:33:00:00 (33 minutes into the tape) will still have the same value (00:33:00:00), but will now be only 3 minutes into the tape. Tape TC Mode Mode ABS NOTE If you are using ABS timings as timecode, the hours, minutes and seconds of the ABS time will correspond to the converted timecode, unless the frame rate is set to 29.97 non-drop or 30 drop. In these cases, the difference between ABS values and timecode values will be about 2 seconds per hour. Tape TC Mode Offset 30ND Mode 00:00:00:00 ABS-Ofs
Section 10 – Operations related to timecode 06/97 – 1.00 – 10-3 1) Use the LEFT and RIGHT keys to choose the field to change (hours, minutes, seconds or frames) and then use the UP and DOWN keys to change the value of that field. You can also enter a time offset directly using the function keys (see 5.2.2, “Using the function keys as number keys”). The time you enter will then be the time at which the timecode starts from the beginning of the tape. For instance, if you enter an offset of 00:59:00:00, and the tape is positioned exactly 1 minute after the start, the timecode will be 01:00:00:00. 10.2.4 ABS-13 and ABS-23 settings These settings are useful if you are recording many pieces on one tape. They automate the pro- cess of providing a timecode “pre-roll” and start- ing each piece at an easily-memorable timecode position. The ABS-13 setting should be used to record pieces of 10 minutes or less in length, and the ABS-23 for pieces of 20 minutes or less. With both of these settings, the start of the tape is automatically set with an offset of hh:57:00:00, where hh is the number of hours. 1) Use the LEFT and RIGHT keys to select the “hours” field. 2) Use the UP and DOWN keys to set the “hours” value. Here we assume (for simplicity) that the “hours” value has been set to 00. If you set this to a differ- ent value, add the appropriate offset as you read this explanation. Timecode is synthesized, starting at 00:57:00:00, allowing three minutes of timecode “pre-roll” before the nominal start of the piece at 01:00:00:00. With ABS-13 selected, once the tape is posi- tioned approximately 13 minutes from the start, the timecode will restart at 01:57:00:00. If ABS- 23 has been selected, this will occur approxi- mately 23 minutes after the start of the tape (the piece is 20 minutes long). This allows another track to begin at 02:00:00:00. This process continues until the end of the tape is reached. Wherever the tape is located, this calcu- lation will be performed, allowing you to locate each track easily with reference to the timecode values. The diagram below shows the relationship between the “synthesized” timecode and the abso- lute time on tape, assumiong that the “hours” value has been set to 00. 10.2.5 Checking tape TC The TAPE TC indicator by the tape counter will light when timecode recorded on tape or synthe- sized from ABS is being read. The indicator will not light in areas of the tape where no timecode has been recorded if TCTrack has been selected, and will not light at the beginning or end of tape if any of the ABS modes has been select- erd. Timecode is not read in STOP mode and the indicator will not light in STOP mode. As well as the tape counter, the display screen can also be used to show tape timecode values and the frame rate currently recorded on tape, as described below. 1) Go to menu group E, and move the cursor to Tape TC: Tape TC Mode Offset 30ND Mode 00:57:00:00 ABS-13 Ext TC Abs Diff Tape TC Rel Diff Gen TC 01:02:48:17 30ND 031329263916 Absolute time in minutes from start of tape (ABS-13 setting) etc… Timecode values
Section 10 – Operations related to timecode 10-4 – 1.00 – 06/97 2) Start playing the tape. 3) The selected timecode value will be displayed on the bottom line, together with the frame rate of the timecode. The frame rate displayed depends on the timecode frame rate as recorded on the tape (if TC Track has been selected) or on the selected frame rate (if another option has been chosen). 10.3 Selecting the frame rate The DA-98 can use the following standards for timecode (including timecode synthesized by the ABS to TC facility): 30 non-drop, 30 drop, 29.97 non-drop, 29.97 drop, 25, and 24 frames per sec- ond (fps). When using the DA-98 to chase to a timecode master, the system frame rate on the DA-98 must match the frame rate of the timecode master, oth- erwise chase operations are not possible. The frame rate is automatically set when a tape which has been striped with timecode is inserted, or if power is switched on with a striped tape already inserted in the unit. The frame rate recorded on the tape will be used as the system frame rate. To change the frame rate in other cases, follow the procedure below: 1) Go to menu group 5, move the cursor to TC Frame , and press ENTER: 2) Use the UP and DOWN keys to select the frame rate for your project. 10.3.1 Pull up and pull down (Fs shift) When working in film post-production with NTSC telecine equipment, the frame rate of film (24 fps) and the NTSC color frame rate (29.97) do not form a simple mathematical ratio, and the sampling frequencies of either 44.1kHz and 48kHz are therefore affected on transfer back to film.To avoid this, pull up and pull down functions are provided to adjust sampling frequencies to drop- frame rates, etc. 1) Go to menu group 8, move the cursor to Fs Shift , and press ENTER: 2) Use the UP and DOWN keys to select between Pull Down 30NDF, Pull UP 29.97 NDF , Pull UP 29.97 DF, Pull Down 30DF and off. The PULL UP/DN indicator by the tape counter [2] will light if the setting is anything other than off. 10.4 Timecode input and output Only timecode (not ABS timing) can be transmit- ted and received via the TIME CODE IN and OUT jacks. ABS timings are used for multiple DTRS unit synchronization. 10.4.1 Timecode input There are two primary reasons for the DA-98 to receive timecode: when the DA-98 is chasing to timecode, and must receive the master timecode, and when the DA-98 is to record timecode from another unit (but see 10.5.5, “External timecode sources” below). To view incoming timecode, follow the procedure below: TC Frame Mode 29.97 NDF Fs Shift Mode off NOTES • This setting is not memorized in the backup memory– you must reset it every time the DA-98 is turned off and on again. • The clock source must be set to INT when using the Fs shift function to pull up, and to VIDEO when using this function to pull down. • If vari speed is enabled (see 8.5, “Vari speed (pitch con- trol)”, it is not possible to use the Fs shift function. • When the Fs shift mode is operational, you cannot change the timecode frame rate (see 10.3, “Selecting the frame rate”).
Section 10 – Operations related to timecode 06/97 – 1.00 – 10-5 1) Go to menu group E, and move the cursor to Ext TC: 2) Incoming timecode will be displayed on the bottom line, together with the frame rate of the timecode. The EXT TC indicator will light when timecode is received. 10.4.2 Timecode output The timecode received at the TIME CODE IN jack, or the timecode recorded on tape, can be output from the TIME CODE OUT jack. When the DA-98 is the timecode master, the time- code it outputs should be off tape. However, when the DA-98 is in the middle of a timecode chain, you will probably want to retrans- mit the incoming timecode (the OUT functions as a THRU). 1) Go to menu group 5, move the cursor to OutTc Src (output timecode source), and press ENTER: 2) Using the UP and DOWN keys, select one of the three options: Tape; timecode will be replayed off-tape, External (regen); the external timecode will be re-generated by the DA-98’s generator, resulting in a clean signal, or External (reshape); the timecode signal will be simply filtered before being re- transmitted. 10.4.3 Timecode output format This Fast LTC function controls the way in which timecode is output when fast winding the tape, or if shuttling is carried out at greater than normal playback speed. The 5 Frame setting means that timecode infor- mation is not output continuously. Here, the DA- 98 reads the timecode from the tape as it is spool- ing, outputs 5 consecutive frames at normal speed starting with the value which has been read from tape, then reads the tape again, outputs another 5 consecutive frames based on the new tape posi- tion, and so on. The Leap setting means that timecode is output continuously during fast operations, and will not be contiguous (it will leap between frames). The off setting means that timecode is not out- put during fast operations. 1) Go to menu group 5, move the cursor to Fast LTC and press ENTER: 2) Use the UP or DOWN keys to select the option as described above. 10.4.4 Timecode output timing Because of the nature of the digital-to-analog con- version, the timecode which is output from the DA-98 must be synchronized to match the audio timing from either the digital or the analog audio Ext TC Abs Diff Tape TC Rel Diff Gen TC 01:02:48:17 30ND Output TC Source External (regen)NOTE When the DA-98 is in CHASE mode, and the timecode output has been set to TC Track (see 10.2.1, “TcTrack setting” ), the timecode output from the DA-98 will be the received timecode, with the offset value added or subtracted from it. This means that any other DTRS units slaved to the timecode output do not need to have separate offset settings, but can use the master DA-98’s offset. Fast LTC Mode 5 Frame