Tascam Digital Mixing Console TM-D4000 Owners Manual
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1 - Introduction—Expansion cards 1–4 4 Hold the card by the edges, and insert it, component side upwards, into the slot. 5 Locate the card into the connector inside the TM-D4000. Push the card firmly, without forcing, so that the connector grips the end of the card. A new TM-D4000 and/or new card may be a little stiff. Make sure that the card is pushed as far as it will go (so that the card rear connector plate touches the rear panel of the TM-D4000). 6 Use the three blanking plate screws to attach the rear panel of the interface card to the rear panel of the TM-D4000. Repeat this process for all the interface cards that you are fitting. When removing a card, unscrew the three retaining screws and use the “pull posts” on the rear panel of the card to remove it from the TM-D4000. There are no rules governing which interface cards may be fitted in any of the three slots—any interface card may be fitted in any expansion slot. However, the following points should be noted. 1.3.2 Input channel numbering Regardless of the type of interface card fitted, and the expansion slots in which any cards are fitted, the numbering of the input channels is always as follows: These assignments are fixed, and cannot be changed, except that channels 5 through 8 and 13 through 16 can be assigned to the digital inputs (SPDIF or AES/ EBU).It is important to note that there are no dedicated tape return channels. Furthermore, because of this, every channel, no matter what its current signal source, is provided with the same full facilities of equalization, dynamic processing, etc., and all channels may be routed to the output busses in an identical manner (direct outs are only possible for input channels 1 through 16, though). 1.3.3 Output busses All eight output busses are routed simultaneously in parallel to the appropriately-numbered outputs of all three slots (or as many as are filled with expansion cards). If all three slots are filled, output buss 1 is therefore output to output channel 1 of the cards in slot 1, slot 2 and slot 3. It is therefore possible to record up to 24 tracks simultaneously, but when the output busses only are used, only eight different signals are output. If, for instance, a 24-track recorder is connected to the TM- D4000 using three IF-AE4000 cards, the signal of output buss 3 will be recorded on tracks 3, 11 and 19, for example. However, you can use the “direct out” function of input channels 1 through 16, which will allow simul- taneous recording of these sixteen inputs to output busses 17 through 32 (slots 2 and 3), overriding any signals which have been taken from the output bus- ses. At the same time, any inputs from slots 2 and 3 (channels 17 through 32) can be routed through the output busses, which will be output through slot 1 (outputs 1 through 8). Before you start recording, make sure that you have the correct interface cards for your setup, so that you can interface the TM-D4000 to the other equipment in your setup. 1.3.4 Direct out As explained later in this manual, the signals from input channels 1 through 8 (the integral analog inputs) and channels 9 through 16 (the first expan- sion slot) can be assigned to be sent as direct out, rather than to an output buss. In this case, to determine the number of the output channel, add 16 to the input channel. Input channel 1 is therefore routed to output channel 17 (the first channel in the second interface slot), input channel 9 to output channel 25 (the first channel in the third interface slot) etc. If no interface cards are fitted in Channel number Slot 1 – 8 Integral analog inputs 9 – 16 Slot 1 inputs 17 – 24 Slot 2 inputs 25 – 32 Slot 3 inputs
1 - Introduction—Word clock issues 1–5 the slots, the input signal selected for direct output will not be output from the TM-D4000. 1.4 Word clock issues The “word clock” in a digital audio system is the tim- ing information that enables the digital audio sam- ples in a system to be synchronized between the different devices. It is completely unconnected with timecode clocks, etc. There must be one, and only one, word clock master device in a digital audio system. The TM-D4000 is capable of acting as a word clock master or as a slave. WARNING There should be one, and only one, word clock in a setup. Multiple word clocks in a setup may result in noise. which can damage monitoring equipment (speakers and amplifiers). Check with the other equipment that you are using to see whether it can be a master or slave, and work out which device will be your word clock master. If the TM-D4000 is to be a word clock slave in your sys- tem, it can accept word clocks from the following sources: • Any of the slots which are occupied by a digital interface card (either TDIF-1, adat, or AES/EBU). In the latter case, any of the four stereo signal pairs that make up the IF-AE4000 are individually selectable as word clock sources). • The digital inputs D-IN1 and D-IN2 . • If more than one TM-D4000 is being cascaded, the clock source on a cascaded TM-D4000 will always be the cascade source. The “head” of the cascade chain can select its clock from any available source.• A word clock signal, received at the dedicated word clock input on the rear panel. The clock can be at 44.1 kHz or 48 kHz, with some variation possible for varispeed, etc. at ±6%. See 3, “System setup” for details of word clock selection. 1.5 Effects and monitoring The TM-D4000 has six auxiliary sends (Aux sends). These may be used for cue purposes, for effect sends, or a mixture of these purposes. In addition, there is a high-quality stereo digital effect processor built into the TM-D4000, and this may be used in addition to external effects. The inter- nal processor can be fed from either the first or last pair of Aux sends, and the stereo output from the pro- cessor can be returned to the second stereo pair of channels. Typically, the six AUX OUTPUT 1/4-inch jacks are used for feeding external effect units, etc. on mix- down, but some of them may be used as studio cue feeds, allowing different sub-mixes to be built up for different monitoring mixes. Since the built-in talk- back microphone can be sent to the Aux 1 and 2 bus- ses (as well as being slated), it is suggested that Aux 1 and 2 are used for cueing the in-studio talent. Though there are no dedicated effect returns, any of the analog inputs can be used for analog effect returns, and the stereo inputs may also be used for this purpose. Additionally, the two digital stereo inputs can be used as input sources for two of the following chan- nel pairs: 5–6, 7–8, 13–14 or 15–16. There are two sets of outputs suitable for feeding the control room and studio monitoring systems (as well as a headphone jack). Dimming, talkback, etc. facili- ties are provided, as well as the ability to monitor any of the Aux sends, the digital inputs, or either of two 2-track recorders (as well as the stereo mix, natu- rally).
2–1 2 - Principles of operation 2.1 User interface The TM-D4000 is a 36-channel console with eight output busses, 4-band fully parametric equalization on each channel and six aux sends. However, when you look at the console and compare it with an analog console of the same specifications, it may appear that some controls are missing. For example, there would be 408 EQ rotary controls alone on an analog console (12 on each of 32 mono channels and 12 on each of 2 stereo channels).In fact, all the appropriate controls are present; they are software controls, and this section explains how to access them, as well as providing a “road map” so that you can find your way easily round the different parts of the TM-D4000. 2.2 Road map The TM-D4000 can be divided into logical sections, as shown below. It is worthwhile remembering where each section belongs, so that you can find your way around the console quickly and easily when you start to use it. The majority of the settings are made using the display screen, using the PODs underneath the screen. Chs 1–16, 17–32, AUX & buss send masters Machine control section Monitor control keys and meters Analog outputs, etcAnalog inputs Library Module control keys Display screen and PODs Configuration Mixing Stereo input and stereo masters Layer status Talkback Data entry (some overlap with machine control) Automation control Clock & Fs indicators 8–9
2 - Principles of operation—Using the PODs 2–2 2.3 Using the PODs A POD consists of a continuous rotary encoder or “knob”, with two keys (or “switches”) under it. There are four PODs located directly under the display screen. The knob is used to set continuously variable param- eters shown on the screen (for example, the amount of signal sent to an Aux buss), while the switches are used for “on/off”-type screen parameters (e.g. pre-or post-fader send). A typical screen showing POD use is shown below (the method of actually selecting screens is given below): The controls on the screen are shown in rows, each row corresponding to the four PODs. The heavy blinking box surrounding a row shows the currently-active row. Turning a POD knob will have the effect of changing the corresponding parameter in the active row (turning the left POD knob will adjust the left parameter in the active row, etc.). In the example above, the right on-screen control in the active row is “grayed out”. This means that the corresponding POD has no function when this row is active. Note that PODs which are enabled, but not in the cur- rently active row, are shown as small dashed circles. PODs which are disabled, and not in the currently active row, are shown as small gray circles. Where both switches of a POD are unused, they are not displayed on screen. When only one switch of a POD is used, the other is “grayed out”.To change the active row, use the ROW CURSOR keys to the right of the PODs to move the heavy blinking box indicating the active row. In addition to the POD knobs, the POD switches can also be used in a number of cases in this screen to set various parameters. In this way, comparatively few physical controls can be made to adjust many parameters. Since these con- trols are centralized, this allows for very efficient working with the TM-D4000. 2.3.1 Selecting screens Display screens are selected using the group of keys to the left of the display screen. Sometimes a key will have two labels, one above and one below. The function described by the lower label is accessed by pressing the SHIFT key so that the SHIFT indicator lights, and then pressing the appro- priate key. The screen shown below is a DIGITAL I/O screen, as shown by the title in the top right corner of the screen. Accordingly, the (unshifted) key whose upper label is DIGITAL I/O should be pressed. Note that this screen contains three “tabs” under the title. This is because there are more parameters which fall under the heading of “digital I/O” than can fit on one screen. Currently, the I/O SETUP tab is at the top, and it is these parameters which are available for editing. To change to the next tab, CLOCK , press the DIGITAL I/O key once more (with the SHIFT indica- tor lit). Another press of the DIGITAL I/O key will bring the CASCADE tab to the front, and pressing it one
2 - Principles of operation—Using the PODs 2–3 more time will bring I/O SETUP to the front once more. 2.3.2 Navigation in screens In the screens above, there are no POD-selectable parameters. In these cases, it is necessary to use another method of working. This is provided by the cursor keys and the ENTER key beside the JOG/SHUTTLE dial. Use the cursor keys to move the cursor ( Œ ) from field to field, and the ENTER key to select a value from one of a number of options. 2.3.3 Using the JOG dial Sometimes there are numerical values to be set. These can be entered using the JOG dial (when the JOG/SHUTTLE indicator is off and the Dial Edit option is checked—see 3.3.7, “Dial edit”). The JOG dial can also be used to change the values of a highlighted item which can also be edited by a POD (in the screen above, there are no such values, but the MODULE screen in 2.3, “Using the PODs” contains many such values). Note that the JOG dial can be used to control the values of a parameter that is not in the currently active POD row. In some screens, the JOG dial may be used instead of the cursor keys to move the cursor around the screen. The instances where this can be performed are usu- ally obvious and therefore will not be described in detail. In certain special screens, the outer SHUTTLE wheel is used to change the function of a screen (for instance in library screens, it changes the function of the JOG dial from a device selector to a character selector. The numeric keypad may also be used for the direct entry of numeric values in certain cases. 2.3.4 One channel or one parameter? The TM-D4000 provides two options for the setting of module-based (as opposed to system-based) parameters. If one module (or stereo linked pair of modules) is to have many parameters changed, at one time, the channel is selected (see 2.3.5, “Selecting channels” below) and the MODULE screen is used, as shown below: In fact, the MODULE “screen” is two screens ( EQ/AUX/PAN and EQ/DYN (dynamics processor)). Pressing the MODULE key will change between these two screens (see 2.3.1, “Selecting screens” for more information on multiple screens). Sometimes, though, it makes more sense to view and adjust a single parameter on many modules simulta- neously. For instance, here is the screen to adjust the levels for Aux send 1, accessed by pressing the AUX 1 key: Note that again, this “screen” is actually two screens, the first for the channels 1 through 16, and the second for channels 17 through 32. Repeated presses of the AUX 1 key will cycle between these two screens.
2 - Principles of operation—Fader layers 2–4 NOTE Equalization is only available in the MODULE screen. There is no global equal- ization screen. 2.3.5 Selecting channels In the case of the MODULE screens, which allow you to adjust the parameters of an individual channel (or pair of linked channels), it is necessary to select the channel whose parameters are to be edited. This is usually done with the individual channels’ SEL keys. Pressing the SEL key of a channel (or either channel of a stereo linked pair of channels) will change the MODULE screen (when a MODULE screen is already displayed) to allow viewing and setting of that channel’s parameters. If the MODULE screen is not already displayed, pressing and holding the SEL key of a channel for about two seconds will bring up the MODULE editing screen for that channel, if the appropriate option is set (see 3.3.5, “Select MODULE return”).In addition, the SEL keys may also be used to jump around a screen quickly when a lot of channels are displayed simultaneously, rather than using the cur- sor keys to select a channel. The channel faders may also be used to select chan- nels for editing, together with other optional prefer- ences concerned with the interface, as described in 3.3.4, “Fader select”. 2.4 Fader layers The TM-D4000 can handle up to 32 mono inputs, together with two stereo inputs, and also has eight busses and six aux sends. However, only 19 faders are visible. The way that faders are used is in “layers”—each layer consisting of 16 faders. The three right faders always control the two stereo inputs and the stereo master buss, regardless of the settings of the other faders, except in the Aux send mode, where the mono and stereo input faders in the 1-16 and 17-32 layers act as Aux sends. In the MASTER layer, even if the Aux send option is selected, all faders retain their settings. The three layers are selected using the LAYER STATUS keys (the appropriate indicator will light). These three keys are interlocking, i.e. only one can be active at a time, and have the following meanings: Layer 1 (CH 1-16)Layer 2 (CH 17-32)Layer 3 (MASTER) Channel faders 1–32 8 output busses 6 aux sends 1 2 3 10 26 AUX 2 (fader strip label) LAYER STATUSMeaning CH 1-16 Faders 1–8 control the inputs from the integral analog inputs, and faders 9–16 control the channel inputs from slot 1 CH 17–32 Faders 1–8 control the channel inputs from slot 2, and faders 9–16 control the channel inputs from slot 3 MASTER Faders 1–8 control the levels of the signals fed to the eight output busses. Faders 9–14 control the levels of the six aux sends. Faders 15 and 16 are unused in this fader layer. LAYER STATUSMeaning
2 - Principles of operation—Fader layers 2–5 Every time the fader layer is changed, the faders will move to the positions corresponding to the new layer. NOTE In addition to the faders, the REC , SEL , SOLO and CUT keys, as well as the channel automa- tion indicators above each fader all change function to control the appropriate input channel, buss or aux send. However, in this manual we sometimes use the term “fader ” as a shorthand expression for all these items. Note that there are some modes where the fader con- trols do not act as channel, Aux or buss faders. These are principally the Aux Fader Control mode (see 4, “Module operations ”) and MIDI Fader (10.5, “MIDI Faders ”) modes (some Machine Control settings may also use the faders). If the current fader layer is not controlling module (or Aux or buss) levels, the cur- rently-selected indicator will ash. NOTE In the Aux Fader Control mode, the MASTER layer functions do not change. Accordingly, the STEREO IN faders act as channel faders in the MASTER layer when the Aux Fader Con- trol mode is selected, not as Aux sends for the stereo channels. 2.4.1Turning fader motors on and off The fader motorization can be turned on and off as n described in 3.3.8, “Automation fader inhibit”.. This setting only takes effect in automation replay (Read) mode. In all other cases such as fader layer changes, snapshot recall, etc., the faders are always motorized. 2.4.2Physical and logical faders When automation operations are taking place, we can speak of “physical ” and “logical ” faders. The “physical ” faders, as the name implies, are the actual controls (the fader knobs). The “logical ” fad- ers, on the other hand are not visible, and are the positions that the physical faders would occupy for the current level. NOTE The positions of the physical and logical fad- ers will always be the same when fader motorization is turned on.
3–1 3 - System setup This section describes the operations that should be carried out to affect the operation of the TM-D4000 as a whole. These include: • Digital I/O setup • Word clock setup • System options It is important to understand the basic principles explained here. If you do not, it will be more difficult to achieve satisfactory results with your TM-D4000. NOTE The Cascade setup (accessed through the DIGITAL I/O key) is described in 11, “Cas- cade”, the Solo setup in 5, “Monitoring”, and the Surround setup in 6, “Surround modes”. 3.1 I/O setup 1 With the SHIFT indicator off, press the DIGITAL I/O key [5] until the screen below appears. This screen allows the selection and assignment of the digital inputs to channels. Note that the same dig- ital input may appear as an input option for more than one pair of channels. If a digital input is selected as the source of more than one pair of channels, it will appear at all these channels simultaneously.The options available are: 3.1.1 STEREO OUT settings In addition to these input sources, changes to param- eters affecting the digital output of the STEREO OUT can be made. Firstly, the STEREO OUT can be selected as being in either professional ( PRO. ) or consumer ( CONS. ) format. Changing the setting made here will also affect the format of the output from any IF-AE4000 interface cards fitted in the expansion slots. NOTE The Consumer format, when output from the unbalanced RCA STEREO OUT jack, corre- sponds to the IEC61958 (SPDIF) format. Input channelsAvailable sources 5 & 6 Analog (integral analog chan- nels 5 and 6)D-IN1 (XLR- type)— 7 & 8 Analog (integral analog chan- nels 7 and 8)D-IN2 (RCA) — 13 & 14 Slot 1 CH13-14 (channels 7 and 8 of the card in slot 1)D-IN1 (XLR- type9— 15 & 16 Slot 1 CH15–16) channels 7 and 8 of the card in slot 1)D-IN2 (RCA) — ST-IN 1 ANALOG (inte- gral stereo inputs)D-IN1 (XLR- type)— ST-IN 2 ANALOG (inte- gral stereo ana- log inputsD-IN2 (RCA) INT EFFECT (internal effect pro- cessor) EFFECT a a. The source of the internal effect processor input AUX1/2 (Aux busses 1 and 2)AUX5/6 (Aux bus- ses 5 and 6)—
3 - System setup—CLOCK setup 3–2 If the Professional format is selected, the resulting data output from the RCA STEREO OUT jack will probably be unusable by most domestic equipment. 3.1.2 Consumer options If the chosen output is Consumer, hold down the SHIFT key and press the right switch of POD 4 to change the SCMS (copy-protect) settings between FREE (SCMS disabled), ONCE (standard SCMS one-generation) and NO COPY ((copy-prohibit). An appropriate message will appear on screen, and these settings are stored in memory. In addition, the category of consumer audio can be set using the SHIFT key along with the left switch of POD 4 to cycle through the following values: This allows the TM-D4000 to pose as an alternative audio source, for instance if an MD deck can only accept signals from a CD or another MD deck, or in a broadcast situation, a certain category may be neces- sary for use with other equipment. If an attempt is made to set the category with the Pro- fessional format setting, an error message, “No Cate- gory for AES/EBU” will appear on screen. 3.1.3 Word length and dithering The word length can be selected as being either 16 , 20 or 24 bits in length.If the selected word length is less than 24 bits, you may choose to dither the resulting output. Dithering helps to reduce quantization noise, but results in a slightly lower signal-to-noise ratio. Choose either OFF , rectangular ( RECT ) or triangular ( TRI ) dithering. The shape names refer to the probability distribution of the noise which is used in the dither- ing process. Typically, triangular dithering gives better quantiza- tion noise reduction than rectangular, but the signal- to-noise ratio is not as good. NOTE The word length from the output busses is always set to 24 bits. 3.2 CLOCK setup WARNING There should be one, and only one, word clock source in a digital audio setup. Multiple word clocks in a setup may result in noise which can damage monitoring equipment (speakers and amplifiers). The word clock source is selected in the following way: 1 With the SHIFT indicator unlit, press the DIGITAL I/O key until the screen below is shown (note that the exact screen may differ from that shown here, depending on the number and the type of the interface cards fitted in the expansion slots): 2 Move the cursor to the box which contains the description of the desired clock source. General General CD CD LD Laser (usually disc) MD MD CODEC PCM Codec MIXER Mixer a a. TM-D4000 default setting SRC SRC (Sample Rate Converter) SAMPLER Sampler DAT DAT DVTR DVTR DCC DCC TV-J Japanese broadcast digital TV-EUR European broadcast digital TV-USA American broadcast digital TV Broadcast digital Synth Synthesizer Microphone Microphone Pro A/D Copy-free A/D converter A/D A/D converter RAM Solid state reproducer
3 - System setup—CLOCK setup 3–3 3 Select the clock source by pressing ENTER . The popup panel provides information about the potential clock source. Press ENTER to select this source, or any one of the cursor keys to dismiss the popup panel, and select another source. In the case of an IF-AE4000 (AES/EBU interface card), there are four different sources (the four AES/EBU inputs) which may be selected as the word clock source for the TM-D4000. If the TM-D4000 has been cascaded from another unit, the clock source is set as CASCADE and cannot be changed. The “head” of the cascade chain can select the clock from any source. In the case of an IF-TD4000 (TDIF-1 inter- face card), the device attached to the card source is shown as either a DA88 ( DA-88 DTRS recorder) or OTHER (another type of recorder connected through the TDIF-1 interface). If the indicator shows DA88, then I/O data is truncated to 16 bits, otherwise I/O is carried out at 24 bits. In the case of an IF-LP4000 (ADAT “light- pipe” interface card), there are three options: INT, SYNC or DIGI. If more than one IF-LP4000 is fitted, changing the setting for one card will change the settings for all the rest. The INT setting allows the ADAT to act as the clock master (this is not a recommended setting). If SYNC is selected, the ADAT receives its clock through the SYNC cable, and if DIGI is selected, the optical connection is used as the clock source to the ADAT. We strongly suggest that SYNC is used, rather than DIGI, if the ADAT is to be a word clock slave, especially if more than one ADAT is connected. See also 9.4.4, “ADAT devices”. If more than one IF-LP4000 card is fitted, there are three choices for each card, regard- less of the actual connection of the ADAT units to the TM-D4000. The last on-screen button pressed (on any of the IF-LP4000 options) then determines the status of the first ADAT in the chain. 1 4If the clock source has been selected as INT, the clock rate (sampling frequency) can be selected. In all other cases, the sampling fre- quency is fixed and cannot be changed. 3.2.1 Selecting clock frequencies Word clock sources, except for WORD and ADAT sources, include information regarding their sam- pling frequencies. If either WORD or ADAT is selected as a clock source, the procedure below should be followed: 1Decide what sampling frequency the project will use. 2Select INT as the clock source (this is a temporary measure), and select the fre- quency. 3Select the final clock source (WORD or ADAT). The TM-D4000 sampling fre- quency will now match the incoming word clock. 1. Note that the other ADAT units, “daisy- chained” to the first ADAT unit in the chain with SYNC connections, will be automatically set to take their clock from the SYNC connec- tor, and their IDs will also be set automati- cally, regardless of setting made here.