Pcs Phone Nokia 3588 User Guide

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guidelines under normal conditions of use. Such exclusions are 
not exclusions from compliance, but, rather, exclusions from 
routine evaluation. The FCCs policies on RF exposure and 
categorical exclusion can be found in Section 1.1307(b) of the 
FCCs Rules and Regulations [(47 CFR 1.1307(b)].
7. How can I obtain the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) value for 
my wireless phone?
The FCC requires that wireless phones sold in the United States 
demonstrate compliance with human exposure limits adopted 
by the FCC in 1996. The relative amount of RF energy absorbed 
in the head of a wireless telephone-user is given by the Specific 
Absorption Rate (SAR), as explained above. The FCC requires 
wireless phones to comply with a safety limit of 1.6 watts per 
kilogram (1.6 W/kg) in terms of SAR. 
Information on SAR for a specific phone model can be obtained 
for many recently manufactured phones using the FCC 
identification (ID) number for that model. The FCC ID number 
is usually printed somewhere on the case of the phone. 
Sometimes it may be necessary to remove the battery pack to 
find the number. Once you have the ID number, go to the 
following Web address: 
www.fcc.gov/oet/fccid. On this page, you 
will see instructions for entering the FCC ID number. Type the 
FCC ID number exactly as requested (the Grantee Code is the 
first three characters, the Equipment Product Code is the rest of 
the FCC ID number). Then click on Start Search. The Grant of 
Equipment Authorization for your telephone should appear. 
Read through the grant for the section on SAR Compliance, 
Certification of Compliance with FCC Rules for RF Exposure 
or similar language. This section should contain the value(s) for 
typical or maximum SAR for your phone.
Phones and other products authorized since June 2, 2000, 
should have the maximum SAR levels noted directly on the 
Grant of Equipment Authorization. For phones and products 
authorized between about mid-1998 and June 2000, detailed 
information on SAR levels is typically found in the exhibits 
associated with the grant. Once a grant is accessed, the exhibits 
can be viewed by clicking on View Exhibit. Grants authorized 
prior to 1998 are not part of the electronic database but, rather, 
have been documented in the form of paper records.  
						

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The FCC database does not list phones by model number. 
However, consumers may find SAR information from other 
sources as well. Some wireless phone manufacturers make 
 
SAR information available on their own Web sites. In addition, 
some non-government Web sites provide SARs for specific 
models of wireless phones. However, the FCC has not reviewed 
these sites and makes no guarantees of their accuracy. Finally, 
phones certified by the Cellular Telecommunications and 
Internet Association (CTIA) are required to provide SAR 
information to consumers in the instructional materials that 
come with the phones. 
8. Do hands-free kits for wireless phones reduce risks from 
exposure to RF emissions?
Since there are no known risks from exposure to RF emissions 
from wireless phones, there is no reason to believe that 
 
hands-free kits reduce risks. Hands-free kits can be used with 
wireless phones for convenience and comfort. These systems 
reduce the absorption of RF energy in the head because the 
phone, which is the source of the RF emissions, will not be 
placed against the head. On the other hand, if the phone is 
mounted against the waist or other part of the body during use, 
then that part of the body will absorb more RF energy. Wireless 
phones marketed in the U.S. are required to meet safety 
requirements regardless of whether they are used against the 
head or against the body. Either configuration should result in 
compliance with the safety limit.
9. Do wireless phone accessories that claim to shield the head 
from RF radiation work?
Since there are no known risks from exposure to RF emissions 
from wireless phones, there is no reason to believe that 
accessories that claim to shield the head from those emissions 
reduce risks. Some products that claim to shield the user from 
RF absorption use special phone cases, while others involve 
nothing more than a metallic accessory attached to the phone. 
Studies have shown that these products generally do not work 
as advertised. Unlike hand-free kits, these so-called shields 
may interfere with proper operation of the phone. The phone 
may be forced to boost its power to compensate, leading to an 
increase in RF absorption. In February 2002, the Federal trade 
Commission (FTC) charged two companies that sold devices 
that claimed to protect wireless phone users from radiation  
						

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with making false and unsubstantiated claims. According to 
FTC, these defendants lacked a reasonable basis to substantiate 
their claim.
10. What are wireless telephone base stations?
Fixed antennas used for wireless telecommunications are 
referred to as cellular base stations, cell stations, PCS (Personal 
Communications Service) stations or telephone transmission 
towers. These base stations consist of antennas and electronic 
equipment. Because the antennas 
need to be high in the air, they are often located on towers, 
poles, water tanks, or rooftops. Typical heights for freestanding 
base station towers are 50-200 feet. 
Some base stations use antennas that look like poles, 10 to 15 
feet in length, that are referred to as omni-directional 
antennas. These types of antennas are usually found in rural 
areas. In urban and suburban areas, wireless providers now 
more commonly use panel or sector antennas for their base 
stations. These antennas consist of rectangular panels, about 1 
by 4 feet in dimension. The antennas are usually arranged in 
three groups of three antennas each. One antenna in each 
group is used to transmit signals to wireless phones, and the 
other two antennas in each group are used to receive signals 
from wireless phones.
At any base station site, the amount of RF energy produced 
depends on the number of radio channels (transmitters) per 
antenna and the power of each transmitter. Typically, 21 
channels per antenna sector are available. For a typical cell site 
using sector antennas, each of the three transmitting antennas 
could be connected to up to 21 transmitters for a total of 63 
transmitters. However, it is unlikely that all of the transmitters 
would be transmitting at the same time. When omni-directional 
antennas are used, a cellular base station could theoretically use 
up to 96 transmitters, but this would be very unusual, and, 
once again, it is unlikely that all transmitters would be in 
operation simultaneously. Base stations used for PCS 
communications generally require fewer transmitters than 
those used for cellular radio transmissions, since PCS carriers 
usually have a higher density of base station antenna sites. 
						

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11. Are wireless telephone base stations safe?
The electromagnetic RF signals transmitted from base station 
antennas stations travel toward the horizon in relatively narrow 
paths. For example, the radiation pattern for an antenna array 
mounted on a tower can be likened to a thin pancake centered 
around the antenna system. The individual pattern for a single 
array of sector antennas is wedge-shaped, like a piece of pie. As 
with all forms of electromagnetic energy, the power decreases 
rapidly as one moves away from the antenna. Therefore, RF 
exposure on the ground is much less than exposure very close 
to the antenna and in the path of the transmitted radio signal. In 
fact, ground-level exposure from such antennas is typically 
thousands of times less than the exposure levels recommended 
as safe by expert organizations. So exposure to nearby residents 
would be well within safety margins. 
Cellular and PCS base stations in the United States are required 
to comply with limits for exposure recommended by expert 
organizations and endorsed by government agencies 
responsible for health and safety. Measurements made near 
cellular and PCS base station antennas mounted on towers have 
confirmed that ground-level exposures are typically thousands 
of times less than the exposure limits adopted by the FCC. In 
fact, in order to be exposed to levels at or near the FCC limits 
for cellular or PCS frequencies an individual would essentially 
have to remain in the main transmitted radio signal (at the 
height of the antenna) and within a few feet from the antenna. 
This is, of course, very unlikely to occur. 
When cellular and PCS antennas are mounted on rooftops, RF 
levels on that roof or on others near by would probably be 
greater than those typically encountered on the ground. 
However, exposure levels approaching or exceeding safety 
guidelines should be encountered only very close to or directly 
in front of the antennas. In addition, for sector-type antennas, 
typically used for such rooftop base stations, RF levels to the 
side and in back of these antennas are insignificant. General 
guidelines on antenna installations and circumstances that 
might give rise to a concern about an facilitys conformance 
with FCC regulations can be found in A Local Government 
Officials Guide to Transmitting Antenna RF Emission Safety: 
Rules, Procedures, and Practical Guidance. This Guide can be 
accessed at: 
http://www.fcc.gov/oet/rfsafety. 
						

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12. Who regulates exposure to radiation from microwave ovens, 
television sets and computer monitors?
The Food and Drug Administration is responsible for protecting 
the public from harmful radiation emissions from these 
consumer products.
13. Does the FCC routinely monitor radiofrequency radiation from 
antennas?
The FCC does not have the resources or the personnel to 
routinely monitor the emissions for all the thousands of 
transmitters that are subject to FCC jurisdiction. However, the 
FCC does have measurement instrumentation for evaluating RF 
levels in areas that may be accessible to the public or to 
workers. If there is evidence for potential non-compliance with 
FCC exposure guidelines for a FCC-regulated facility, staff from 
the FCCs Office of Engineering and Technology or the FCC 
Enforcement Bureau can conduct and investigation, and, if 
appropriate, perform actual measurements. Circumstances that 
could give rise to a concern about an facilitys conformance 
with FCC regulations can be found in A Local Government 
Officials Guide to Transmitting Antenna RF Emission Safety: 
Rules, Procedures, and Practical Guidance. This Guide can be 
accessed at: 
http://www.fcc.gov/oet/rfsafety. Potential exposure 
problems should be brought to the FCCs attention by 
contacting the FCC RF Safety Program at: 202-418-2464 or by 
 
e-mail: [email protected]. 
14. Does the FCC maintain a database that includes information on 
the location and technical parameters of all the transmitting 
towers it regulates?
Each of the FCC Bureaus maintains its own licensing database 
system for the service(s) it regulates (e.g., television, cellular 
service, satellite earth stations). The FCC issues two types of 
licenses: site specific and market based. In the case of site 
specific licensed facilities, technical operating information is 
collected from the licensee as part of the licensing process. 
However, in the case of market based licensing (e.g., PCS, 
cellular), the licensee is granted the authority to operate a radio 
communications system in a geographic area using as many 
facilities as are required, and the licensee is not required to 
provide the FCC with specific location and operating 
parameters of these facilities. 
						

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Information on site specific licensed facilities can be found in 
the General Menu Reports (GenMen) at 
 
http://gullfoss2.fcc.gov/cgi-bin/ws.exe/genmen/index.hts.
The various FCC Bureaus also publish on at least a weekly basis, 
bulk extracts of their licensing databases. Each licensing 
database has its own unique file structure. These extracts 
consist of multiple, very large files. The FCCs Office of 
Engineering and Technology (OET) maintains an index to these 
databases at 
http://www.fcc.gov/oet/info/database/fadb.html. Entry 
points into the various databases include frequency, state/
county, latitude/longitude, call-sign and licensee name. For 
further information on the Commissions existing databases, 
you can contact Donald Campbell at [email protected] or 
 
202-418-2405.
15. Can local and state governmental bodies establish limits for RF 
exposure?
Although some local and state governments have enacted rules 
and regulations about human exposure to RF energy in the past, 
the Telecommunications Act of 1996 requires the Federal 
Government to control human exposure to RF emissions. In 
particular, Section 704 of the Act states that, No State or local 
government or instrumentality thereof may regulate the 
placement, construction, and modification of personal wireless 
service facilities on the basis of the environmental effects of 
radio frequency emissions to the extent that such facilities 
comply with the Commissions regulations concerning such 
emissions. Further information on federal authority and FCC 
policy is available in a fact sheet from the FCCs Wireless 
Telecommunications Bureau at 
www.fcc.gov/wtb. 
16. Do wireless phones pose a health hazard?
The available scientific evidence does not show that any health 
problems are associated with using wireless phones. There is 
no proof, however, that wireless phones are absolutely safe. 
Wireless phones emit low levels of radiofrequency energy (RF) 
in the microwave range while being used. They also emit very 
low levels of RF when in the stand-by mode. Whereas high 
levels of RF can produce health effects (by heating tissue), 
exposure to low level RF that does not produce heating effects 
causes no known adverse health effects. Many studies of low 
level RF exposures have not found any biological effects. Some  
						

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studies have suggested that some biological effects may occur, 
but such findings have not been confirmed by additional 
research. In some cases, other researchers have had difficulty in 
reproducing those studies, or in determining the reasons for 
inconsistent results.
17. What is FDAs role concerning the safety of wireless phones?
Under the law, FDA does not review the safety of radiation-
emitting consumer products such as wireless phones before 
they can be sold, as it does with new drugs or medical devices. 
However, the agency has authority to take action if wireless 
phones are shown to emit radiofrequency energy (RF) at a level 
that is hazardous to the user. In such a case, FDA could require 
the manufacturers of wireless phones to notify users of the 
health hazard and to repair, replace or recall the phones so that 
the hazard no longer exists.
Although the existing scientific data do not justify FDA 
regulatory actions, FDA has urged the wireless phone industry 
to take a number of steps, including the following:

Support needed research into possible biological effects of 
RF of the type emitted by wireless phones; 

Design wireless phones in a way that minimizes any RF 
exposure to the user that is not necessary for device 
function; and 

Cooperate in providing users of wireless phones with the 
best possible information on possible effects of wireless 
phone use on human health 
FDA belongs to an interagency working group of the federal 
agencies that have responsibility for different aspects of RF 
safety to ensure coordinated efforts at the federal level. The 
following agencies belong to this working group:

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health 

Environmental Protection Agency 

Federal Communications Commission 

Occupational Safety and Health Administration 

National Telecommunications and Information 
Administration 
The National Institutes of Health participates in some 
interagency working group activities, as well. 
						

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FDA shares regulatory responsibilities for wireless phones with 
the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). All phones 
that are sold in the United States must comply with FCC safety 
guidelines that limit RF exposure. FCC relies on FDA and other 
health agencies for safety questions about wireless phones.
FCC also regulates the base stations that the wireless phone 
networks rely upon. While these base stations operate at higher 
power than do the wireless phones themselves, the RF 
exposures that people get from these base stations are typically 
thousands of times lower than those they can get from wireless 
phones. Base stations are thus not the primary subject of the 
safety questions discussed in this document.
18. What kinds of phones are the subject of this update?
The term “wireless phone” refers here to hand-held wireless 
phones with built-in antennas, often called “cell,” “mobile,” or 
“PCS” phones. These types of wireless phones can expose the 
user to measurable radiofrequency energy (RF) because of the 
short distance between the phone and the user’s head. These 
RF exposures are limited by Federal Communications 
Commission safety guidelines that were developed with the 
advice of FDA and other federal health and safety agencies. 
When the phone is located at greater distances from the user, 
the exposure to RF is drastically lower because a persons RF 
exposure decreases rapidly with increasing distance from the 
source. The so-called cordless phones, which have a base unit 
connected to the telephone wiring in a house, typically operate 
at far lower power levels, and thus produce RF exposures well 
within the FCCs compliance limits.
19. What are the results of the research done already?
The research done thus far has produced conf licting results, 
and many studies have suffered from f laws in their research 
methods. Animal experiments investigating the effects of 
radiofrequency energy (RF) exposures characteristic of wireless 
phones have yielded conf licting results that often cannot be 
repeated in other laboratories. A few animal studies, however, 
have suggested that low levels of RF could accelerate the 
development of cancer in laboratory animals. However, many 
of the studies that showed increased tumor development used 
animals that had been genetically engineered or treated with 
cancer-causing chemicals so as to be pre-disposed to develop  
						

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cancer in the absence of RF exposure. Other studies exposed 
the animals to RF for up to 22 hours per day. These conditions 
are not similar to the conditions under which people use 
wireless phones, so we don’t know with certainty what the 
results of such studies mean for human health.
Three large epidemiology studies have been published since 
December 2000. Between them, the studies investigated any 
possible association between the use of wireless phones and 
primary brain cancer, glioma, meningioma, or acoustic 
neuroma, tumors of the brain or salivary gland, leukemia, or 
other cancers. None of the studies demonstrated the existence 
of any harmful health effects from wireless phone RF 
exposures. However, none of the studies can answer questions 
about long-term exposures, since the average period of phone 
use in these studies was around three years.
20. What research is needed to decide whether RF exposure from 
wireless phones poses a health risk?
A combination of laboratory studies and epidemiological studies 
of people actually using wireless phones would provide some of 
the data that are needed. Lifetime animal exposure studies could 
be completed in a few years. However, very large numbers of 
animals would be needed to provide reliable proof of a cancer 
promoting effect if one exists. Epidemiological studies can 
provide data that is directly applicable to human populations, 
but 10 or more years’ follow-up may be needed to provide 
answers about some health effects, such as cancer. This is 
because the interval between the time of exposure to a cancer-
causing agent and the time tumors develop - if they do - may be 
many, many years. The interpretation of epidemiological studies 
is hampered by difficulties in measuring actual RF exposure 
during day-to-day use of wireless phones. Many factors affect 
this measurement, such as the angle at which the phone is held, 
or which model of phone is used.
21. What is FDA doing to find out more about the possible health 
effects of wireless phone RF?
FDA is working with the U.S. National Toxicology Program and 
with groups of investigators around the world to ensure that 
high priority animal studies are conducted to address important 
questions about the effects of exposure to radiofrequency 
energy (RF). 
						

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FDA has been a leading participant in the World Health 
Organization International Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) 
Project since its inception in 1996. An inf luential result of this 
work has been the development of a detailed agenda of 
research needs that has driven the establishment of new 
research programs around the world. The Project has also 
helped develop a series of public information documents on 
EMF issues.
FDA and the Cellular Telecommunications & Internet 
Association (CTIA) have a formal Cooperative Research and 
Development Agreement (CRADA) to do research on wireless 
phone safety. FDA provides the scientific oversight, obtaining 
input from experts in government, industry, and academic 
organizations. CTIA-funded research is conducted through 
contracts to independent investigators. The initial research will 
include both laboratory studies and studies of wireless phone 
users. The CRADA will also include a broad assessment of 
additional research needs in the context of the latest research 
developments around the world.
22. What steps can I take to reduce my exposure to radiofrequency 
energy from my wireless phone?
If there is a risk from these products--and at this point we do 
not know that there is--it is probably very small. But if you are 
concerned about avoiding even potential risks, you can take a 
few simple steps to minimize your exposure to radiofrequency 
energy (RF). Since time is a key factor in how much exposure a 
person receives, reducing the amount of time spent using a 
wireless phone will reduce RF exposure.
If you must conduct extended conversations by wireless phone 
every day, you could place more distance between your body 
and the source of the RF, since the exposure level drops off 
dramatically with distance. For example, you could use a 
headset and carry the wireless phone away from your body or 
use a wireless phone connected to a remote antenna. 
Again, the scientific data do not demonstrate that wireless 
phones are harmful. But if you are concerned about the RF 
exposure from these products, you can use measures like those 
described above to reduce your RF exposure from wireless 
phone use.