Netgear R6300 Manual

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91  R6300 WiFi Router 802.11ac Dual Band Gigabit
6. Upon receiving the incoming message to destination port 33333, your router checks its 
session table to determine whether there is an active session for port number 33333. 
Finding an active session, the router restores the original address information replaced by 
NAT and sends this reply message to your computer.
7. Upon receiving the incoming message to destination port 113, your router checks its session 
table and learns that there is an active session for port 113, associated with your computer. 
The router replaces the message’s destination IP address with your computer’s IP address 
and forwards the message to your computer.
8. When you finish your chat session, your router eventually senses a period of inactivity in the 
communications. The router then removes the session information from its session table, 
and incoming traffic is no longer accepted on port numbers 33333 or 113.
To configure port triggering, you need to know which inbound ports the application needs. 
Also, you need to know the number of the outbound port that will trigger the opening of the 
inbound ports. You can usually determine this information by contacting the publisher of the 
application or user groups or newsgroups.
Note:  Only one computer at a time can use the triggered application.
Port Forwarding to Permit External Host Communications
In both of the preceding examples, your computer initiates an application session with a 
server computer on the Internet. However, you might need to allow a client computer on the 
Internet to initiate a connection to a server computer on your network. Normally, your router 
ignores any inbound traffic that is not a response to your own outbound traffic. You can 
configure exceptions to this default rule by using the port forwarding feature. 
A typical application of port forwarding can be shown by reversing the client-server 
relationship from the previous web server example. In this case, a remote computer’s 
browser needs to access a web server running on a computer in your local network. Using 
port forwarding, you can tell the router, “When you receive incoming traffic on port 80 (the 
standard port number for a web server process), forward it to the local computer at 
192.168.1.123.” The following sequence shows the effects of the port forwarding rule you 
have defined:
1. The user of a remote computer opens a browser and requests a web page from 
www.example.com, which resolves to the public IP address of your router. The remote 
computer composes a web page request message with the following destination 
information: 
Destination address. The IP address of www.example.com, which is the address of your 
router.
Destination port number. 80, which is the standard port number for a web server 
process.
The remote computer then sends this request message through the Internet to your 
router. 
						

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92 R6300 WiFi Router 802.11ac Dual Band Gigabit 
2. Your router receives the request message and looks in its rules table for any rules covering 
the disposition of incoming port 80 traffic. Your port forwarding rule specifies that incoming 
port 80 traffic should be forwarded to local IP address 192.168.1.123. Therefore, your router 
modifies the destination information in the request message:
The destination address is replaced with 192.168.1.123.
Your router then sends this request message to your local network.
3. Your web server at 192.168.1.123 receives the request and composes a return message 
with the requested web page data. Your web server then sends this reply message to your 
router.
4. Your router performs NAT on the source IP address, and sends this request message 
through the Internet to the remote computer, which displays the web page from 
www.example.com.
To configure port forwarding, you need to know which inbound ports the application needs. 
You usually can determine this information by contacting the publisher of the application or 
the relevant user groups and newsgroups.
How Port Forwarding Differs from Port Triggering
The following points summarize the differences between port forwarding and port triggering:
•     Port triggering can be used by any computer on your network, although only one 
computer can use it at a time.
•     Port forwarding is configured for a single computer on your network.
•     Port triggering does require that you know the computer’s IP address in advance. The IP 
address is captured automatically.
•     Port forwarding requires that you specify the computer’s IP address during configuration, 
and the IP address can never change.
•     Port triggering requires specific outbound traffic to open the inbound ports, and the 
triggered ports are closed after a period of no activity.
•     Port forwarding is always active and does not need to be triggered.
Set Up Port Forwarding to Local Servers
Using the port forwarding feature, you can allow certain types of incoming traffic to reach 
servers on your local network. For example, you might want to make a local web server, FTP 
server, or game server visible and available to the Internet.
Use the Port Forwarding screen to configure the router to forward specific incoming protocols 
to computers on your local network. In addition to servers for specific applications, you can 
also specify a default DMZ server to which all other incoming protocols are forwarded.
Before starting, determine which type of service, application, or game you want to provide. 
Find out the local IP address of the computer that will provide the service. The server 
computer has to always have the same IP address. 
						

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To set up port forwarding:
Tip:  
To ensure that your server computer always has the same IP address, 
use the reserved IP address feature of your R6300 WiFi Router. 
1.  Select  Advanced Setup > Port Forwarding/Port T
 riggering to display the following 
screen:
Port Forwarding is selected as the service type.
2.  From the Service Name list, select the service or game that you will hos\
t on your network. If 
the service does not appear in the list, see  Add a Custom Service on page 93.
3.  In the corresponding Server IP 
 Address field, enter the last digit of the IP address of your 
local computer that will provide this service. 
4.  Click  Add. 
 The service appears in the list in the screen.
Add a Custom Service
To define a service, game, or application that does not appear in the Ser\
vice Name list, first 
determine which port number or range of numbers the application uses. You can usually get 
this information by contacting the publisher of the application or user \
groups or newsgroups. 
To add a custom service:
1. Select  Advanced > 
 Advanced Setup > Port Forwarding/Port Triggering .
2.  Select  Port Forwarding  as the service type. 
						

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3. 
Click the  Add Custom Service button to display the following screen:
4. In the Service Name field, enter a descriptive name. 
5.  In the Protoco l list, select the protocol. If you are unsure, select  TCP/UDP.
6.  In the Starting Port field, enter the beginning port number
 . 
•     If the application uses a single port, enter the same port number in the\
 Ending Port  field.
•     If the application uses a range of ports, enter the ending port number o\
f the range in  the Ending Port field.
7.  In the Server IP 
 Address field, enter the IP address of your local computer that will pro\
vide 
this service.
8.  Click  Apply . 
 The service appears in the list in the Port Forwarding/Port Triggering screen.
Editing or Deleting a Port Forwarding Entry
To edit or delete a port forwarding entry:
1. In the table, select the radio button next to the service name.
2.  Click  Edit Service or  Delete Service.
Application Example: Making a Local Web Server Public
If you host a web server on your local network, you can use port forward\
ing to allow web 
requests from anyone on the Internet to reach your web server. 
To make a local web server public:
1. Assign your web server either a fixed IP address or a dynamic IP address\
 using DHCP 
address reservation. In this example, your router always gives your web \
server an IP 
address of 192.168.1.33.  
						

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95  R6300 WiFi Router 802.11ac Dual Band Gigabit
2. In the Port Forwarding screen, configure the router to forward the HTTP service to the local 
address of your web server at 192.168.1.33. HTTP (port 80) is the standard protocol for web 
servers.
3. (Optional) Register a host name with a Dynamic DNS service, and configure your router to 
use the name as described in 
Dynamic DNS on page 97. To access your web server from 
the Internet, a remote user has to know the IP address that your ISP assigned. However, if 
you use a Dynamic DNS service, the remote user can reach your server by a user-friendly 
Internet name, such as mynetgear.dyndns.org.
Set Up Port Triggering
Port triggering is a dynamic extension of port forwarding that is useful in these cases:
•     More than one local computer needs port forwarding for the same application (but not 
simultaneously).
•     An application needs to open incoming ports that are different from the outgoing port.
When port triggering is enabled, the router monitors outbound traffic looking for a specified 
outbound “trigger” port. When the router detects outbound traffic on that port, it remembers 
the IP address of the local computer that sent the data. The router then temporarily opens the 
specified incoming port or ports, and forwards incoming traffic on the triggered ports to the 
triggering computer. 
While port forwarding creates a static mapping of a port number or range to a single local 
computer, port triggering can dynamically open ports to any computer that needs them and 
can close the ports when they are no longer needed.
Note:  If you use applications such as multiplayer gaming, peer-to-peer 
connections, real-time communications such as instant messaging, 
or remote assistance (a feature in Windows XP), you should also 
enable Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) according to the instructions 
in Universal Plug and Play on page 102.
To set up port triggering, you need to know which inbound ports the application needs and 
the number of the outbound port that will trigger the opening of the inbound ports. You can 
usually get this information by contacting the publisher of the application or user groups or 
newsgroups. 
						

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To set up port triggering: 
1. 
Select  Advanced > Advanced Setup > Port Forwarding/Port Triggering .
2.  Select the  Port T
 riggering radio button to display the port triggering information.
3. Clear the Disable Port Triggering check box if it is selected.
Note:
  If the Disable Port Triggering check box is selected after you configure\
 
port triggering, port triggering is disabled. However, any port triggeri\
ng 
configuration information you added to the router is retained even thoug\
h it is 
not used.
4.  In the Port 
 Triggering Timeout field, enter a value up to 9999 minutes. 
5.  This value controls the inactivity timer for the designated inbound port\
s. 
 The inbound ports 
close when the inactivity time expires. This is required because the  router cannot be sure 
when the application has terminated. 
						

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6. 
Click  Add Service to display the following screen: 
7. In the Service Name field, type a descriptive service name. 
8.  In the Service User list, select  Any (the default) to allow this service to be used by any 
computer on the Internet. Otherwise, select  Single address, and enter the IP address of 
one computer to restrict the service to a particular computer

. 
9.  Select the service type, either  TCP or UDP or both (TCP/UDP). If you are not sure, select 
TCP/UDP
 .
10.  In the 
Triggering Port field, enter the number of the outbound traffic port that will cause the 
inbound ports to be opened. 
11.  Enter the inbound connection port information in the Connection 
 Type, Starting Port, and 
Ending Port fields.
12.  Click  Apply . 
 The service appears in the Port Triggering Portmap table. 
Dynamic DNS
If your Internet service provider (ISP) gave you a permanently assigne\
d IP address, you can 
register a domain name and have that name linked with your IP address by\
 public Domain 
Name Servers (DNS). However, if your Internet account uses a dynamically assigned IP 
address, you do not know in advance what your IP address will be, and th\
e address can 
change frequently. In this case, you can use a commercial Dynamic DNS service. This type 
of service lets you register your domain to their IP address and forward\
s traffic directed at 
your domain to your frequently changing IP address.
If your ISP assigns a private WAN IP address (such as 192.168.x.x or 10.x.x.x), the Dynamic 
DNS service does not work because private addresses are not routed on th\
e Internet.
Your router contains a client that can connect to the Dynamic DNS service\
 provided by  DynDNS.org. First visit their website at  http://www

.dyndns.org and obtain an account and  
						

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host name that you configure in the router. Then, whenever your ISP-assigned IP address 
changes, your router automatically contacts the Dynamic DNS service prov\
ider, logs in to 
your account, and registers your new IP address. If your host name is ho\
stname, for 
example, you can reach your router at http://hostname.dyndns.org.
On the Advanced tab, select 
Advanced Setup > Dynamic DNS to display the following 
screen:
Figure 10. Forward traffic to a changing IP address

To set up Dynamic DNS:
1.  Register for an account with one of the Dynamic DNS service providers wh\
ose names 
appear in the Service Provider list. For example, for DynDNS.org, select\
 
www

.dyndns.org .
2.  Select the  Use a Dynamic DNS Service  check box. 
3.  Select the name of your Dynamic DNS service provider
 . 
4.  T
ype the host name (or domain name) that your Dynamic DNS service provi\
der gave you.
5. T
ype the user name for your Dynamic DNS account. This is the name that you use to log in 
to your account, not your host name.
6.  T
ype the password (or key) for your Dynamic DNS account. 
7.  If your Dynamic DNS provider allows the use of wildcards in resolving yo\
ur URL, you can 
select the Use W

ildcards check box to activate this feature. 
For example, the wildcard feature causes *.yourhost.dyndns.org to be aliased to the 
same IP address as yourhost.dyndns.org.
8.  Click  Apply  to save your configuration. 
						

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99  R6300 WiFi Router 802.11ac Dual Band Gigabit
Static Routes
Static routes provide additional routing information to your router. Typically, you do not need 
to add static routes. You have to configure static routes only for unusual cases such as 
multiple routers or multiple IP subnets on your network.
As an example of when a static route is needed, consider the following case:
•     Your primary Internet access is through a cable modem to an ISP.
•     You have an ISDN router on your home network for connecting to the company where 
you are employed. This router’s address on your LAN is 192.168.1.100.
•     Your company’s network address is 134.177.0.0.
When you first configured your router, two implicit static routes were created. A default route 
was created with your ISP as the gateway, and a second static route was created to your 
local network for all 192.168.1.x addresses. With this configuration, if you attempt to access a 
device on the 134.177.0.0 network, your router forwards your request to the ISP. The ISP 
forwards your request to the company where you are employed, and the request is likely to 
be denied by the company’s firewall.
In this case you have to define a static route, telling your router that 134.177.0.0 should be 
accessed through the ISDN router at 192.168.1.100. In this example:
•     The Destination IP Address and IP Subnet Mask fields specify that this static route 
applies to all 134.177.x.x addresses. 
•     The Gateway IP Address field specifies that all traffic for these addresses should be 
forwarded to the ISDN router at 192.168.1.100. 
•     A metric value of 1 will work since the ISDN router is on the LAN. 
•     Private is selected only as a precautionary security measure in case RIP is activated. 
						

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To set up a static route:
1. 
Select  Advanced > Advanced Setup > Static Routes, and click  Add to display the 
following screen:
2.  In the Route Name field, type a name for this static route (for identif\
ication purposes only.) 
3.  Select the  Private check box if you want to limit access to the LAN only
 . If Private is 
selected, the static route is not reported in RIP. 
4.  Select the  Active check box to make this route ef
 fective. 
5.  T
ype the destination IP address of the final destination. 
6. T
ype the IP subnet mask for this destination. If the destination is a sin\
gle host, type 
255.255.255.255. 
7.  T
ype the gateway IP address, which has to be a  router on the same LAN segment as the 
R6300 WiFi Router. 
8.  T
ype a number from 1 through 15 as the metric value. 
This value represents the number of routers between your network and the\
 destination. Usually
 , a setting of 2 or 3 works, but if this is a direct connection, set it \
to 1. 
9.  Click  Apply  to add the static route.