Motorola Xtl5000 Detailled 6881096c74 B Manual
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Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Notations Used in This Manual Throughout the text in this publication, you will notice the use of warnings, cautions, and notes. These notations are used to emphasize that safety hazards exist, and care must be taken and observed. NOTE:The Note notation indicates an operational procedure, practice, or condition that is essential to emphasize. 1.2 General This manual includes all the information necessary to maintain peak product performance and maximum working time. This detailed level of service (component-level) is typical of some service centers, self-maintained customers, and distributors. Use this manual in conjunction with the ASTRO Digital XTL 5000 VHF/UHF Range 1/UHF Range 2/ 700–800 MHz Mobile Radio Basic Service Manual (Motorola part number 6881096C73), which helps in troubleshooting a problem to a particular board. Conduct the basic performance checks first to verify the need to analyze the radio and help pinpoint the functional problem area. In addition, you will become familiar with the radio test mode of operation which is a helpful tool. If any basic receiver or transmitter parameters fail to be met, the radio should be aligned using the radio alignment procedure described in the ASTRO Digital XTL 5000 VHF/UHF Range 1/UHF Range 2/700–800 MHz Mobile Radio Basic Service Manual. CAUTION indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, might result in equipment damage. WARNING indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in death or injury. DANGER indicates an imminently hazardous situation which, if not avoided, will result in death or injury. ! C a u t i o n D A N G E R !
May 25, 20056881096C74-B 1-2Introduction: General Included in other areas of this manual are functional block diagrams, detailed theory of operation, troubleshooting charts and waveforms, schematics, and parts list. You should be familiar with these sections to aid in deducing the problem circuit. Also included are component location diagrams to aid in locating individual circuit components, as well as IC diagrams, which identify some convenient probe points. The Theory of Operation section of this manual contains detailed descriptions of operations of many circuits. Once you locate the problem area, review the Troubleshooting Chart for that circuit to fix the problem.
Chapter 2 Product Overview 2.1 Introduction The ASTRO Digital XTL 5000 radio is a dual-mode (trunked/conventional), microcontroller-based transceiver incorporating a Digital Signal Processor (DSP). The microcontroller handles the general radio control, monitors status, and processes commands input from the keypad or other user controls. The DSP processes the typical analog signals and generates the standard signaling digitally to provide compatibility with existing analog systems. In addition it provides for digital modulation techniques utilizing voice encoding techniques with error correction schemes to provide the user with enhanced range and audio quality all in a reduced bandwidth channel requirement. It allows embedded signaling which can mix system information and data with digital voice to add the capability of supporting a multitude of system features. The XTL 5000 radios are wideband, synthesized, fixed-tuned radios and are available in the VHF (136–174 MHz), UHF Range 1 (380–470 MHz), UHF Range 2 (450–520 MHz), 700 MHz, and 800 MHz bands. All XTL 5000 radios are capable of both analog operation (12.5 kHz, 20 kHz, and 25 kHz bandwidths) and ASTRO mode operation (12.5 kHz bandwidth). NOTE:The UHF radio does not support 20 kHz bandwidth. 2.2 Functional Blocks The XTL 5000 radios contain the following functional blocks: • Control-Head Assembly (Dash- or Remote-Mount)—is connected directly to the front of the transceiver or remotely by the interconnect board and control cable. This assembly contains a vacuum fluorescent (VF) display, VF driver, microprocessor and serial bus interface. • Radio Power Distribution—contains voltage-regulation circuitry for power distribution throughout the radio. • Receiver Front-End section—contains the preselector, low-noise amplifier (LNA), and mixer. • Receiver Back-End section—contains the receiver intermediate-frequency (IF) amplifier/filter and the digital receiver back-end integrated circuit (IC). • Transmitter section—contains the antenna switch, directional coupler/ detector, and power amplifier circuitry. • Frequency Generation section—contains the synthesizer, voltage controlled oscillators (VCOs), reference oscillator, and receive and transmit buffers. • Controller section—combines a vocoder and a controller into a single section containing the following elements:
May 25, 20056881096C74-B 2-2Product Overview: Control-Head Assembly 2.3 Control-Head Assembly This section discusses the basic operation and components of each control-head assembly. 2.3.1 Display, Vacuum Fluorescent Display Driver, Vacuum Fluorescent Voltage Source, Controls and Indicators, Status LEDs and Backlight LEDs For information on the above, please refer to: • W3 Control Head User’s Guide, 6881096C67 and • W4, W5, W7 and W9 Control Heads User’s Guide, 6881096C68. 2.3.2 Vehicle Interface Ports The Vehicle Interface Ports (VIPs) allow the control head to activate external circuits and receive inputs from the outside world. In general, VIP outputs are used for relay control, and VIP inputs accept inputs from external switches. The VIP IN and VIP OUT lines move as the configuration changes from Dash, to Remote, to Remote plus DEK. See the cable kit section for typical connections of VIP input switches and VIP output relays. 2.3.2.1 Dash-Mount Control-Head Configuration (Mid Power Only) In the dash-mount configuration (Figure 2-1), only two VIP output pins are available, and they are located at the 26-pin accessory connector, J2-18 and J2-19. VIP input lines are not available in this configuration. Figure 2-1. VIP Dash-Mount Configuration 2.3.2.2 Remote-Mount Standard Control-Head Configuration Once the radio is put into a remote-mount configuration (Figure 2-2 on page 2-3), the two VIP output pins located at the rear connector (J2) stop functioning, and the VIP output pins located on the back of the control head below the area labeled VIP become the new VIP output pins. These connections are used to control relays, just as in the dash-mount configuration. One end of the relay should be connected to SWB+, while the other side is connected to VIP IN or VIP OUT pins (these pins are software-controlled on/off switches via transistors inside the control head or on the interconnect board). Pin 18 Pin 19Pin 11 Pin 12Pin 18 Pin 19VIP OUT 1 VIP OUT 2 Control HeadMain Board (Radio) U1 MC68HC MAEPF-27921-O No connect Microprocessor SIOICSB9600 data lines toggle VIP-OUT hadware inside the Control Head
6881096C74-BMay 25, 2005 Product Overview: Control-Head Assembly2-3 Figure 2-2. VIP Remote-Mount Configuration Figure 2-3. VIP Remote-Mount Pin-Outs (Male) Control HeadMain Board (Radio) U1 MC68HC MAEPF-27922-O Microprocessor SIOICSB9600 data lines toggle VIP-OUT hadware inside the Control Head VIP OUT 1 VIP OUT 2 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 23 24 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 40 41 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 SWB SWB GND GND MIC VIP RADIO1 1 VIP OUT VIP IN2 2 VIP OUT VIP IN + SWB GND ++ MAEPF-27918-O
May 25, 20056881096C74-B 2-4Product Overview: Control-Head Assembly 2.3.2.3 Remote-Mount W3 Hand-Held Control Head Configuration Because the W3 control head does not have an interface for VIPs on the control head itself, the radio and the W3 interconnect board must work together to provide VIP OUT at the back of the radio (Figure 2-4). The driving transistors (for the ON/OFF relay control) are located on the W3 interconnect board. Therefore, the microprocessor on the main board uses one set of lines to interface with the interconnect boards transistors and a second set of return lines, which travel back to the main board and pass through to the back of the radio. Also, by using a Y-split cable HKN6096, VIP OUT also can be accessed at its 15-pin connector. However, the voltage levels are slightly lower since the VIP SWB+ of the interconnect board is different from the SWB+ of the radio. Figure 2-4. VIP Remote-Mount W3 Control-Head Configuration 2.3.2.4 Remote-Mount plus DEK Configuration Another remote-mount configuration possibility is the addition of up to three Direct Entry Keypad (DEK) boxes (Figure 2-5 on page 2-5). A DEK is an accessory that is used with a mobile radio to provide extra buttons, indicators, and VIPs to the user. Just as the VIP output pins moved from the rear of the radio to the rear of the control head, the VIP pins also move from the back of the control head to the back of the DEK. The benefit of using a DEK box is that you gain three additional VIP OUT and VIP IN pins for each DEK added. The first DEK box provides the original three VIP OUT and three VIP IN pins. The next DEK provides an additional three VIP OUT and three VIP IN pins. A final DEK box provides an additional three VIP OUT and three VIP IN pins for a total of nine VIP OUT and nine VIP IN pins. Pin 16 Pin 17 Pin 16 Pin 17Pin 14 Pin 27 Pin 18 Pin 17Pin 13 Pin 14 Pin 11 Pin 12Pin 18 Pin 19VIP OUT 1 Micro- processor VIP OUT 2 JU512 JU513 W3 Remote Interconnect BoardMain Board (Radio) MAEPF-27923-O
6881096C74-BMay 25, 2005 Product Overview: Control-Head Assembly2-5 Figure 2-5. VIP Remote-Mount Plus DEK Configuration Figure 2-6. VIP Remote-Mount Plus DEK Pin-Outs (Male) Kit HKN4273 contains: - One DEK-to-DEK interface cable (A) - One 24-pin DEK VIP connector (B) - One 14-pin non-DEK VIP connector - Forty cimping pins(A) DEK interface lines: DATA IN DATA OUT STROBE CLOCK When a DEK is added, the radio VIPs move from J2 and from the back of the control head to the back of the DEK. Main Board (Radio) Control Head (W4, W5, W7, W9) DEK A DEK B DEK C SB9600 bus messaging interface 3 VIP - INs 3 VIP - OUTs 3 VIP - INs 3 VIP - OUTs 3 VIP - INs 3 VIP - OUTs MAEPF-27925-O (B) 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 23 24 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 40 41 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 STROBE GND CLOCK DATA VIP OUT VIP OUT SWB+ SWB+ DATA SWB+ VIP OUT SWB+ SWB+OUT IN1 3 OUT STROBE 2 GND GND GND 3 2 FROM CONTROL HEAD OR PREVIOUS DEK BOX TO NEXT DEK BOX DEK VIP-INs AND VIP-OUTsINGND CLOCKDATA VIP IN VIP IN D ATA VIP IN MAEPF-27917-O 1
May 25, 20056881096C74-B 2-6Product Overview: Control-Head Assembly 2.3.2.5 VIP Output Connections: There are three VIP outputs that are used for the W9 control head and two VIP outputs for the W3, W4, W5, and W7 control heads. The VIP outputs are normally at SWB+ levels and are driven low by logic within the control head for both the dash- and remote-mount configurations. Field programming of the radio can define the functions of these pins. The output transistors that drive the VIP outputs can sink 300 mA of current and are primarily used to control external relays. These relays should be connected between the respective VIP output pin and switched B+. VIP outputs are controlled by SB9600 Update_Indicator messages. Therefore, multiple indicators and their status information can be sent with a single message. The relay can be normally ON or normally OFF depending on the configuration of the VIP outputs. The CPS can be used to program the function of these VIP outputs in the radio. The following are typical applications currently supported with ASTRO products: • Horn relay • Light relay • Siren horn transfer 2.3.2.6 VIP Input Connections: There are three VIP inputs that accept inputs from switches. VIP input messages are sent via the SB9600 pins as SB9600 BUTCTL messages. One side of the switch connects to ground while the other side connects to a buffered input to the control head. The switch can be normally closed or normally open depending on the configuration of the VIP inputs. The CPS can be used to program the function of these VIP inputs in the radio. The following are typical applications currently supported in ASTRO products: • Siren horn ring • Auxiliary siren For the remote configuration of W4, 5, 7 and 9 control heads, refer to sections 3.1.2 and 3.2.1 of the Installation Manual, 6881096C72.Table 2-1. Control-Head VIP Locations Ty p eConfigur -ationPower LevelVIP LocationNumber of VIP InputsNumber of VIP Outputs W3 Remote Midpower J3-3 and J3-12 Remote Mount Accessory Cable HKN6096None 2 W3 Dash Midpower J2-18 and J2-19 Rear Accessory ConnectorNone 2 W4 Dash Midpower J2-18 and J2-19 Rear Accessory ConnectorNone 2 W5 Dash Midpower J2-18 and J2-19 Rear Accessory ConnectorNone 2 W7 Dash Midpower J2-18 and J2-19 Rear Accessory ConnectorNone 2
6881096C74-BMay 25, 2005 Product Overview: Control-Head Assembly2-7 2.3.2.7 DEK Interface With Radio: Remote-Mount (W4, W5, W7, W9) A maximum of three DEKs can be daisy chained to a single mobile radio. DEKs are only used with the W4, W5, W7, and W9 control heads when they are remotely mounted on the radio. DEKs are not used with any dash-mount control heads, including W4, W5, W7, or W9. The W3 control head does not support DEK, except in a special siren cabling configuration where the DEK 6-pin cable splits off the SIREN cable and plugs into the back of a DEK box. The VIP lines in the control head are used to connect a DEK. There are four lines that are needed to communicate with the DEK: DATA IN, DATA OUT, STROBE, and CLOCK. These lines are shared with the VIP lines in the control head (see Table 2-1 on page 2-6) and, as a result, the control head loses its VIP lines when connected to a DEK. However, each DEK has its own VIP lines (three VIP IN and three VIP OUT lines) that can be used. Each DEK box is essentially a shift register consisting of eight buttons/indicators together with the VIP lines. A raw, 48-bit stream of data from the control head is clocked into the first DEK box that is directly connected to it. This DEK box only shifts the bits forward to DEK B, which, in turn, forwards the bits to DEK C. Thus, bit 0 leaving the control head is actually stored as the last bit of DEK C. The full 48 bits is always clocked in/out regardless of the number of DEKs connected. The software is able to determine how many DEKs are actually connected by checking the DEK present bit for each DEK. The VIPs provided by each DEK box can then be used for driving external circuitry. 2.3.2.7.1 DATA IN DATA IN consists of data entering from either the control head or another DEK. DATA IN is a raw bit stream fed into the DEK, which, in turn, essentially being a shift register, moves the data forward to the next DEK. DATA IN is a 48-bit stream that consists of indicator data (0 = off, 1 = illuminated) and VIP output data. 2.3.2.7.2 DATA OUT DATA OUT consists of data leaving the DEK and either entering a control head or another DEK. DATA OUT is a 48-bit stream that consists of button data (0 = pressed, 1 = released), VIP input data, and DEK present. 2.3.2.7.3 STROBE The STROBE line is used to latch the data contained in the shift registers inside the DEK box. This line is used to inform the DEK that the data contained in its shift registers is now valid. 2.3.2.7.4 CLOCK The CLOCK line is used to shift data in and out through the shift registers located in the DEK boxes. 2.3.3 Power Supplies The +5-V supply is a three-terminal regulator IC to regulate the 12 V SWB+ down for the digital logic hardware. 2.3.4 Ignition Sense Circuits A transistor senses the vehicle ignition’s state, disabling the radio when the ignition is off. For negative-ground systems, the orange lead is typically connected to the fuse box (+12 V).
May 25, 20056881096C74-B 2-8Product Overview: Receiver Section 2.4 Receiver Section This section discusses the receiver section components and basic operation for each band. 2.4.1 VHF Band Radios The VHF (136–174 MHz) receiver consists of a front-end and a back-end sections. 2.4.1.1 Front-End Section The primary function of the receiver front-end is to optimize image rejection and selectivity while providing the first conversion. The front-end uses discreet filters and LNAs. The first filter reduces the IF spur, image frequency response and limits some of the out-of-band interference. The second filter following the second low-noise amplifier (LNA) provides additional image rejection and half IF spur. The receiver front-end signal is fed to the monolithic mixer IC where it is down converted to an IF of 109.65 MHz. The mixer is driven by the receiver injection buffer that provides 20 dBm to the mixer. The VCO performs high side injection for the VHF band. The design maintains temperature stability, low insertion loss, and high out-of-band rejection. 2.4.1.2 Back-End Section The crystal filters provide IF selectivity and out-of-band signal protection to the back-end IC. Two 2- pole crystal filters centered at 109.65 MHz that are isolated from one another by a stable, high-gain low noise amplifier are used to meet the receiver specifications for gain, close-in intermodulation rejection, adjacent-channel selectivity, and second-image rejection. The output of the IF circuit is fed directly to the Abacus III digital back-end IC. The ABACUS III is an IC with a variable-bandwidth bandpass Sigma-Delta architecture. It is capable of down-converting analog, as well as digital, RF protocols into a baseband signal transmitted on the Synchronous Serial Interface (SSI) bus. The ABACUS III IC converts the 109.65 MHz signal from the IF section down to 2.25 MHz using a second LO frequency of 107.4 MHz or 111.9 MHz. The second LO VCO is tuned to 107.4 MHz (low side), but can be modified to 75.6 MHz (high side injection) depends on known spurious interference related to the programmed received frequency. 2.4.2 UHF Range 1/UHF Range 2 Band Radios The UHF Range 1 (380–470 MHz)/UHF Range 2 (450–520 MHz) receiver consists of a front-end section and a back-end section. 2.4.2.1 Front-End Section The receiver front-end consists of a switchable high pass filter and LNA, a preselector, a switchable attenuator, a second switchable low noise amplifier (always in for UHF Range 2), image filter, mixer, and injection amplifier. The preselector filter is varactor-tuned and is aligned at the factory. The radio tuner software can also be used to check and re-align the preselector. The switchable stage provides AGC capability. The signal from the preselector is amplified by the low noise amplifier, then filtered by the image filter before it is sent to the mixer. The mixer uses the LO signal, amplified by the injection amplifier, to convert the RF signal to IF frequency of 109.65 MHz. This signal is then sent to the IF and back-end circuits. 2.4.2.2 Intermediate Frequency and Back-End The Intermediate Frequency (IF) consists of a crystal filter, amplifier, a second crystal filter, and a switchable attenuator. This provides selectivity at the IF while attenuating out-of-band signals and protecting the back-end (BE) IC.