Motorola Xtl5000 Detailled 6881096c74 B Manual
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6881096C74-BMay 25, 2005 Glossary-5 microcontroller unitAlso written as µC. A microprocessor that contains RAM and ROM components, as well as communications and programming components and peripherals. microprocessor coreThe central processing unit of the microprocessor and DSP IC and powered by a lower voltage supply than the logic I/O section. MISOSee Master In Slave Out. MOSISee Master Out Slave In. multiplexerAn electronic device that combines several signals for transmission on some shared medium (e.g., a telephone wire). MUXSee multiplexer. NiCdNickel-cadmium. NiMHNickel-metal-hydride. OMPACSee over-molded pad-array carrier. open architectureA controller configuration that utilizes a microprocessor with extended ROM, RAM, and EEPROM. oscillatorAn electronic device that produces alternating electric current and commonly employs tuned circuits and amplifying components. OSWSee outbound signaling word. OTARSee over-the-air rekeying. outbound signaling wordData transmitted on the control channel from the central controller to the subscriber unit. over-molded pad- array carrierA Motorola custom IC package, distinguished by the presence of solder balls on the bottom pads. over-the-air rekeyingAllows the dispatcher to remotely reprogram the encryption keys in the radio. PAPower amplifier. pagingOne-way communication that alerts the receiver to retrieve a message. Patriot ICA dual-core processor that contains an MCU and a DSP in one IC package. PC BoardPrinted Circuit Board. Also referred to as a PCB. phase-locked loopA circuit in which an oscillator is kept in phase with a reference, usually after passing through a frequency divider. PLSee private-line tone squelch. Te r mDefinition
May 25, 20056881096C74-B Glossary-6 PLLSee phase-locked loop. private-line tone squelchA continuous sub-audible tone that is transmitted along with the carrier. See also DPL. Programmable Read-Only MemoryA memory chip on which data can be written only once. Once data has been written onto a PROM, it remains there forever. PROMSee Programmable Read-Only Memory. PTTSee Push-to-Talk. Push-to-TalkThe switch or button usually located on the left side of the radio which, when pressed, causes the radio to transmit. When the PTT is released, the unit returns to receive operation. radio frequencyThe portion of the electromagnetic spectrum between audio sound and infrared light (approximately 10 kHz to 10 GHz). radio frequency power amplifierAmplifier having one or more active devices to amplify radio signals. Radio Interface BoxA service aid used to enable communications between a radio and the programming software. Radio Service SoftwareDOS-based software containing the feature set of an ASTRO radio. See also CPS. random access memoryA type of computer memory that can be accessed randomly; that is, any byte of memory can be accessed without touching the preceding bytes. RAMSee random access memory. read-only memoryA type of computer memory on which data has been prerecorded. Once data has been written onto a ROM chip, it cannot be removed and can only be read. real-time clockA module that keeps track of elapsed time even when a computer is turned off. receiverElectronic device that amplifies RF signals. A receiver separates the audio signal from the RF carrier, amplifies it, and converts it back to the original sound waves. registersShort-term data-storage circuits within the microcontroller unit or programmable logic IC. repeaterRemote transmit/receive facility that re-transmits received signals in order to improve communications range and coverage (conventional operation). repeater/talkaroundA conventional radio feature that permits communication through a receive/transmit facility, which re-transmits received signals in order to improve communication range and coverage. Te r mDefinition
6881096C74-BMay 25, 2005 Glossary-7 RESETReset line: an input to the microcontroller that restarts execution. RFSee radio frequency. RF PASee radio frequency power amplifier. RIBSee Radio Interface Box. ROMSee read-only memory. RPCICRegulator/power control IC. RPT/TASee repeater/talkaround. RSSSee Radio Service Software. RTCSee real-time clock. RXReceive. RX DATARecovered digital data line. SAPSee Serial Audio CODEC Port. Serial Audio CODEC PortSSI to and from the GCAP II IC CODEC used to transfer transmit and receive audio data. Serial Communication Interface Input LineA full-duplex (receiver/transmitter) asynchronous serial interface. SCI INSee Serial Communication Interface Input Line. Serial Peripheral InterfaceHow the microcontroller communicates to modules and ICs through the CLOCK and DATA lines. signalAn electrically transmitted electromagnetic wave. Signal Qualifier modeAn operating mode in which the radio is muted, but still continues to analyze receive data to determine RX signal type. softpotSee software potentiometer. softwareComputer programs, procedures, rules, documentation, and data pertaining to the operation of a system. software potentiometerA computer-adjustable electronic attenuator. spectrumFrequency range within which radiation has specific characteristics. SPISee Serial Peripheral Interface. squelchMuting of audio circuits when received signal levels fall below a pre- determined value. With carrier squelch, all channel activity that exceeds the radio’s preset squelch level can be heard. Te r mDefinition
May 25, 20056881096C74-B Glossary-8 SRAMSee static RAM. SRIBSmart Radio Interface Box. See RIB. SSISee Synchronous Serial Interface. Standby modeAn operating mode in which the radio is muted but still continues to monitor data. static RAMA type of memory used for volatile, program/data memory that does not need to be refreshed. Synchronous Serial InterfaceDSP interface to peripherals that consists of a clock signal line, a frame synchronization signal line, and a data line. system central controllersMain control unit of the trunked dispatch system; handles ISW and OSW messages to and from subscriber units (See ISW and OSW). system selectThe act of selecting the desired operating system with the system-select switch (also, the name given to this switch). thin small-outline packageA type of dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) package that is commonly used in memory applications. time-out timerA timer that limits the length of a transmission. TOTSee time-out timer. transceiverTransmitter-receiver. A device that both transmits and receives analog or digital signals. Also abbreviated as XCVR. transmitterElectronic equipment that generates and amplifies an RF carrier signal, modulates the signal, and then radiates it into space. TSOPSee thin small-outline package. TXTransmit. UARTSee also Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter. UCMUniversal Crypto Module. UHFUltra-High Frequency. Universal Asynchronous Receiver TransmitterA microchip with programming that controls a computers interface to its attached serial devices. Universal Serial BusAn external bus standard that supports data transfer rates of 12 Mbps. Urchin ICA programmable logic device configured to supply a 2.8 V, 48 kHz square wave at 2% duty cycle and a 2.8 V, 2.4 MHz square wave at 50% duty cycle to the TX modulation DAC using a 16.8 MHz reference input.These clock signals are used by the DAC to convert the digital SSI audio into an analog modulation waveform. Te r mDefinition
6881096C74-BMay 25, 2005 Glossary-9 USBSee Universal Serial Bus. VCOSee voltage-controlled oscillator. vector sum excited linear predictive codingA voice-encoding technique used in ASTRO digital voice. VHFVery-High Frequency. VIPVehicle Interface Port. VOCONSee vocoder/controller. vocoderAn electronic device for synthesizing speech by implementing a compression algorithm particular to voice. See also voice encoder. vocoder/controllerA PC board that contains an ASTRO radio’s microcontroller, DSP, memory, audio and power functions, and interface support circuitry. voice encoderThe DSP-based system for digitally processing analog signals, and includes the capabilities of performing voice compression algorithms or voice encoding. See also vocoder. voltage-controlled oscillatorAn oscillator in which the frequency of oscillation can be varied by changing a control voltage. Te r mDefinition
Index-i 6881096C74-BMay 25, 2005 IndexIndex Numerics 1st local oscillator (LO) 136-174 MHz band .............................................. 3-49 380-470 MHz band .............................................. 3-52 450-520 MHz band .............................................. 3-57 700-800 MHz band .............................................. 3-61 2nd local oscillator (LO) 136-174 MHz band .............................................. 3-21 380-470 MHz band .............................................. 3-23 450-520 MHz band .............................................. 3-24 700-800 MHz band .............................................. 3-26 700-800 MHz radio specifications ............................. xlvii A ABACUS III IC 2nd LO, receiver back-end 136-174 MHz band ........................................... 3-21 380-470 MHz band ........................................... 3-23 450-520 MHz band ........................................... 3-24 700-800 MHz band ........................................... 3-26 receiver back-end 136-174 MHz band ........................................... 3-20 380-470 MHz band ........................................... 3-22 450-520 MHz band ........................................... 3-23 700-800 MHz band ........................................... 3-25 sampling clock oscillator, receiver back-end 136-174 MHz band ........................................... 3-21 380-470 MHz band ........................................... 3-23 450-520 MHz band ........................................... 3-24 700-800 MHz band ........................................... 3-26 amplifier, power, troubleshooting 136-174 MHz band .............................................. 4-34 380-470 MHz band .............................................. 4-35 450-520 MHz band .............................................. 4-35 700-800 MHz band .............................................. 4-35 analog mode of operation ........................................ 2-12 antenna switch 136-174 MHz band .............................................. 3-29 380-470 MHz band .............................................. 3-34 450-520 MHz band .............................................. 3-39 700-800 MHz band .............................................. 3-43 assembly control-head ........................................................... 2-2 RF board ................................................................ 3-1 ASTRO mode of operation ...................................... 2-13 attenuator step (136-174 MHz band) .................................... 3-14 switchable (380-470 MHz band) .......................... 3-16 switchable (450-520 MHz band) .......................... 3-18 B B+ power routing, controller ..................................... 3-65 back-end receiver section 136-174 MHz band ABACUS III IC .................................................. 3-20 IF ...................................................................... 3-20overview ............................................................. 2-8 380-470 MHz band ABACUS III IC .................................................. 3-22 IF filter .............................................................. 3-22 overview ............................................................. 2-9 theory of operation ........................................... 3-21 450-520 MHz band ABACUS III IC .................................................. 3-23 IF filter .............................................................. 3-23 theory of operation ........................................... 3-23 700-800 MHz band ABACUS III IC .................................................. 3-25 IF filter .............................................................. 3-25 overview ............................................................. 2-9 theory of operation ........................................... 3-24 bias tables, standard ............................................... 4-28 board layouts, listing .................................................. 7-1 C chart, model mobile 700-800 MHz ....................................................... xlii UHF Range 1 ......................................... xxxiv, xxxvi UHF Range 2 ...................................................xxxix VHF ........................................................... xxix, xxxi motorcycle 700-800 MHz ........................................................ xli UHF Range 1 .......................................... xxxii, xxxiii UHF Range 2 ................................................. xxxviii VHF .................................................................. xxviii charts troubleshooting introduction ......................................................... 5-1 list ....................................................................... 5-1 circuit protection, transmitter ................................... 2-10 component location diagrams listing interconnect boards ............................................ 8-1 main board ......................................................... 7-1 parts list main board 136-174 MHz band .............................. 7-47, 7-60 380-470 MHz band .......................... 7-105, 7-120 450-520 MHz band ..................................... 7-163 700-800 MHz band ..................................... 7-207 remote interconnect board motorcycle ...................................................... 8-5 standard ................................................. 8-4, 8-19 W3 hand-held control head .......... 8-7, 8-11, 8-17 table ................................................................... 7-1 control-head assembly description ............................................................. 2-2 ignition sense circuits ............................................. 2-7 power supplies ....................................................... 2-7 vehicle interface ports connections input ................................................................ 2-6 output .............................................................. 2-6 dash-mount configuration ................................... 2-2 DEK interface with radio ..................................... 2-7 description .......................................................... 2-2 remote-mount
Index-ii May 25, 20056881096C74-B plus DEK configuration ................................... 2-4 standard configuration .................................... 2-2 W3 configuration ............................................. 2-4 VIP input connections ......................................... 2-6 controller analog mode of operation .................................... 2-12 ASTRO mode of operation ................................... 2-13 components and circuitry ..................................... 2-13 daughtercard module ........................................... 3-64 DC power distribution ........................................... 3-65 DSP system clock ................................................ 3-68 encryption voltages .............................................. 3-66 external bus serial communications ..................... 3-71 MCU system clock ............................................... 3-68 power-up/power-down sequence ......................... 3-68 receive audio ........................................................ 3-72 reset circuits ......................................................... 3-67 SPI bus ................................................................ 3-71 theory of operation ............................................... 3-62 copyrights computer software ...................................................... ii document ................................................................... ii D daughtercard module overview ............................................................... 2-13 theory of operation ............................................... 3-64 troubleshooting ...................................................... 4-2 DC power distribution 136-174 MHz band .............................................. 3-13 380-470 MHz band .............................................. 3-12 450-520 MHz band .............................................. 3-12 700-800 MHz band .............................................. 3-13 introduction .......................................................... 3-12 DSP system clock .................................................... 3-68 E encryption errors 09/10 .................................................................. A-2 09/90 .................................................................. A-2 keyload failure .................................................... A-2 S03 ..................................................................... A-2 self-test ............................................................... A-2 secure interface board kits .................................................................. A-1 schematics .................................................... 8-20 module circuit description ................................... A-2 universal crypto module kits ................................... A-1 voltages, controller ............................................... 3-66 errors 09/10 ...................................................................... A-2 09/90 ...................................................................... A-2 operational codes ................................................... 4-5 power-up self-check ............................................... 4-3 S03 ......................................................................... A-2 external bus serial communications, controller ........ 3-71 F filter harmonic 136-174 MHz band ........................................... 3-29 380-470 MHz band ........................................... 3-34 450-520 MHz band ........................................... 3-39 700-800 MHz band ........................................... 3-43 highpass, receiver front-end (380-470 MHz band) .. 3- 16 highpass, receiver front-end (450-520 MHz band) .. 3- 17 loop 136-174 MHz band ........................................... 3-48 380-470 MHz band ........................................... 3-52 450-520 MHz band ........................................... 3-56 700-800 MHz band ........................................... 3-60 preselector, receiver front-end 136-174 MHz band ........................................... 3-14 380-470 MHz band ........................................... 3-16 450-520 MHz band ........................................... 3-18 700-800 MHz band ........................................... 3-19 receiver back-end IF 380-470 MHz band ........................................... 3-22 450-520 MHz band ........................................... 3-23 700-800 MHz band ........................................... 3-25 firmware, reflashing ................................................. 3-76 flash programming ................................................... 3-75 flex cables pin-out assignments ................................ 9-1 flowcharts, troubleshooting ...................................... 5-14 136-174MHz band low or no RX injection signal ............................ 5-21 low or no TX injection signal ............................ 5-22 no output power and IDC ................................. 5-26 no output power at TX mode ............................ 5-25 poor RX sensitivity or no RX audio .................. 5-15 RX back-end-poor SINAD or no audio ............. 5-18 RX IF-poor SINAD or no audio ......................... 5-17 TX or RX VCO unlock (Fail 001) ...................... 5-23 380-470 MHz and 450-520 MHz bands low or no RX injection signal ............................ 5-35 low or no TX injection signal ............................ 5-36 no 16.8 MHz reference oscillator frequency ..... 5-27 no TX audio ...................................................... 5-37 poor RX sensitivity or no RX audio .................. 5-28 RFPA power control-no VGBIAS ...................... 5-45 RFPA-no or low TX power output ..................... 5-40 RX back-end-poor SINAD or no audio ............. 5-32 RX IF-poor SINAD or no audio ......................... 5-30 TX or RX VCO unlock (Fail 001) ...................... 5-38 700-800 MHz band low or no RX injection signal ............................ 5-53 low or no TX injection signal ............................ 5-54 no 16.8 MHz reference ..................................... 5-46 no TX audio ...................................................... 5-55 poor RX sensitivity or no RX audio .................. 5-47 RFPA power control-no K9.1V ......................... 5-63 RFPA power control-no or low TX RFPA_CNTRL 5- 65 RFPA power control-no VGBIAS ...................... 5-64 RFPA-no or low TX power output ..................... 5-58 RX back-end-poor SINAD or no audio ............. 5-50 RX IF-poor SINAD or no audio ......................... 5-49 TX or RX VCO unlock (Fail 001) ...................... 5-56 frequency generation unit (FGU)
Index-iii 6881096C74-BMay 25, 2005 136-174 MHz band charge pump bias ............................................. 3-48 description ........................................................ 2-10 lock detect ........................................................ 3-48 loop filter ........................................................... 3-48 LV Frac-N synthesizer ...................................... 3-46 modulation ........................................................ 3-47 prescaler feedback ........................................... 3-49 receiver injection .............................................. 3-49 receiver VCOs .................................................. 3-49 reference oscillator ........................................... 3-46 superfilter .......................................................... 3-47 transmitter injection .......................................... 3-48 transmitter VCOs .............................................. 3-49 voltage multiplier ............................................... 3-47 380-470 MHz band charge pump bias ............................................. 3-52 description ........................................................ 2-11 lock detect ........................................................ 3-52 loop filter ........................................................... 3-52 LV Frac-N synthesizer ...................................... 3-50 modulation ........................................................ 3-51 prescaler feedback ........................................... 3-53 receiver injection .............................................. 3-52 receiver VCOs .................................................. 3-53 reference oscillator ........................................... 3-50 superfilter .......................................................... 3-51 transmitter injection .......................................... 3-52 transmitter VCOs .............................................. 3-53 voltage multiplier ............................................... 3-51 450-520 MHz band charge pump bias ............................................. 3-56 lock detect ........................................................ 3-56 loop filter ........................................................... 3-56 LV Frac-N synthesizer ...................................... 3-55 modulation ........................................................ 3-56 prescaler feedback ........................................... 3-58 receiver injection .............................................. 3-57 receiver VCOs .................................................. 3-57 reference oscillator ........................................... 3-55 superfilter .......................................................... 3-56 transmitter injection .......................................... 3-57 transmitter VCOs .............................................. 3-57 voltage multiplier ............................................... 3-55 700-800 MHz band charge pump bias ............................................. 3-60 description ........................................................ 2-11 lock detect ........................................................ 3-60 loop filter ........................................................... 3-60 LV Frac-N synthesizer ...................................... 3-59 modulation ........................................................ 3-60 prescaler feedback ........................................... 3-62 receiver injection .............................................. 3-61 receiver VCOs .................................................. 3-62 reference oscillator ........................................... 3-59 superfilter .......................................................... 3-60 transmitter injection .......................................... 3-61 transmitter VCOs .............................................. 3-61 voltage multiplier ............................................... 3-59 description ............................................................ 3-45 theory of operation 136-174 MHz band ........................................... 3-45 380-470 MHz band ........................................... 3-49 450-520 MHz band ........................................... 3-54 700-800 MHz band ........................................... 3-58front-end receiver section 136-174 MHz band low-noise amplifier (LNA) ................................. 3-14 mixer ................................................................ 3-15 overview ............................................................. 2-8 PIN diode switches ........................................... 3-14 preselector filters .............................................. 3-14 step attenuator ................................................. 3-14 theory of operation ........................................... 3-13 380-470 MHz band first low-noise amplifier ..................................... 3-16 highpass filter ................................................... 3-16 image filter ........................................................ 3-16 low-noise amplifier (LNA) ................................. 3-16 mixer ................................................................ 3-16 overview ............................................................. 2-8 preselector filters .............................................. 3-16 switchable attenuator ....................................... 3-16 theory of operation ........................................... 3-15 450-520 MHz band first low-noise amplifier ..................................... 3-17 highpass filter ................................................... 3-17 image filter ........................................................ 3-18 low-noise amplifier (LNA) ................................. 3-18 mixer ................................................................ 3-18 preselector filters .............................................. 3-18 switchable attenuator ....................................... 3-18 theory of operation ........................................... 3-17 700-800 MHz band low-noise amplifier (LNA) ................................. 3-19 mixer ................................................................ 3-20 overview ............................................................. 2-9 preselector filters .............................................. 3-19 theory of operation ........................................... 3-19 functional blocks, radio .............................................. 2-1 G glossary of terms ........................................... Glossary-1 H handling precautions ................................................. 4-1 harmonic filter 136-174 MHz band .............................................. 3-29 380-470 MHz band .............................................. 3-34 450-520 MHz band .............................................. 3-39 700-800 MHz band .............................................. 3-43 highpass filter, receiver front-end 380-470 MHz band .............................................. 3-16 450-520 MHz band .............................................. 3-17 I IF filter receiver back-end 380-470 MHz band ....................................... 3-22 450-520 MHz band ....................................... 3-23 700-800 MHz band ....................................... 3-25 receiver back-end (136-174 MHz band) .............. 3-20 receiver section, overview ..................................... 2-8
Index-iv May 25, 20056881096C74-B ignition sense circuits, control-head assembly .......... 2-7 image filter, receiver front-end (380-470 MHz band) 3-16 image filter, receiver front-end (450-520 MHz band) 3-18 interconnect board remote board layout ...................................... 8-3, 8-10, 8-14 schematic ........................................... 8-2, 8-9, 8-13 W3 hand-held ......................................................... 8-1 interface board, secure ............................................ 8-20 introduction, manual .................................................. 1-1 J jumper configuration, board ID ................................ 5-13 K keyload failure ........................................................... A-2 kits, universal crypto module (UCM) .......................... A-1 L list component location diagrams interconnect boards ............................................ 8-1 main board ......................................................... 7-1 flex cables .............................................................. 9-1 schematics interconnect boards ............................................ 8-1 main board ......................................................... 7-1 troubleshooting charts ............................................ 5-1 waveforms .............................................................. 6-1 local oscillator 1st 136-174 MHz band ........................................... 3-49 380-470 MHz band ........................................... 3-52 450-520 MHz band ........................................... 3-57 700-800 MHz band ........................................... 3-61 2nd 136-174 MHz band ........................................... 3-21 380-470 MHz band ........................................... 3-23 450-520 MHz band ........................................... 3-24 700-800 MHz band ........................................... 3-26 low-noise amplifier (LNA), receiver front-end 136-174 MHz band .............................................. 3-14 380-470 MHz band .............................................. 3-16 450-520 MHz band .............................................. 3-18 700-800 MHz band .............................................. 3-19 low-noise amplifier, first, receiver front-end, 380-470 MHz band ......................................................... 3-16 low-noise amplifier, first, receiver front-end, 450-520 MHz band ......................................................... 3-17 M main board 136-174 MHz band major sections .................................................... 3-1 theory of operation FGU .............................................................. 3-45 power distribution .......................................... 3-13 receiver front-end .......................................... 3-13RFPA ................................................... 3-26, 3-28 transmitter ..................................................... 3-26 troubleshooting ................................................... 4-5 380-470 MHz band major sections .................................................... 3-6 theory of operation FGU .............................................................. 3-49 power distribution ......................................... 3-12 receiver back-end ......................................... 3-21 receiver front-end ......................................... 3-15 RFPA ................................................... 3-31, 3-33 transmitter ..................................................... 3-31 troubleshooting ..................................................4-11 450-520 MHz band major sections .................................................... 3-6 theory of operation FGU .............................................................. 3-54 power distribution ......................................... 3-12 receiver back-end ......................................... 3-23 receiver front-end ......................................... 3-17 RFPA ............................................................ 3-37 transmitter ..................................................... 3-37 troubleshooting ................................................. 4-17 700-800 MHz band major sections .................................................. 3-10 theory of operation FGU .............................................................. 3-58 power distribution ......................................... 3-13 receiver back-end ......................................... 3-24 receiver front-end ......................................... 3-19 RFPA ............................................................ 3-41 transmitter ..................................................... 3-41 troubleshooting ................................................. 4-22 flash programming ............................................... 3-75 receive audio ....................................................... 3-72 reflash firmware ................................................... 3-76 RS-232 USB bus ................................................. 3-69 theory of operation controller .......................................................... 3-62 power distribution ............................................. 3-12 receiver ............................................................ 3-13 transmitter ........................................................ 3-26 transmit audio ...................................................... 3-74 manual introduction ............................................................ 1-1 notations ................................................................ 1-1 organization ........................................................... 1-1 revisions ..................................................................... ii MCU system clock ................................................... 3-68 mixer, receiver front-end 136-174 MHz band .............................................. 3-15 380-470 MHz band .............................................. 3-16 450-520 MHz band .............................................. 3-18 700-800 MHz band .............................................. 3-20 mobile model chart 700-800 MHz .......................................................... xlii UHF Range 1 ............................................. xxxiv, xxxvi UHF Range 2 .......................................................xxxix VHF ............................................................... xxix, xxxi mode analog .................................................................. 2-12 ASTRO ................................................................ 2-13 model chart