Motorola Astro Xts5000 Detailed 6881094c31 E Manual
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November 16, 20066881094C31-E Glossary-4 frequency generation unitThis unit generates ultra-stable, low-phase noise master clock and other derived synchronization clocks that are distributed throughout the communication network. General-Purpose Input/OutputPins whose function is programmable. GPIOSee General-Purpose Input/Output. host codeObject code executed by the host processor in an ASTRO subscriber radio. The host is responsible for control-oriented tasks such as decoding and responding to user inputs. ICSee integrated circuit. IFIntermediate Frequency. IMBEA sub-band, voice-encoding algorithm used in ASTRO digital voice. inbound signaling wordData transmitted on the control channel from a subscriber unit to the central control unit. integrated circuitAn assembly of interconnected components on a small semiconductor chip, usually made of silicon. One chip can contain millions of microscopic components and perform many functions. ISWSee inbound signaling word. keep-alive modeA software-controlled operational mode in which power for the radio remains on after the On/Off/volume control knob is turned off to allow the microcontroller unit to complete its power-down sequence. Then, the radio completely powers off. key-variable loaderA device used to load encryption keys into a radio. kHzSee kilohertz. kilohertzOne thousand cycles per second. Used especially as a radio-frequency unit. KVLSee key-variable loader. LCDSee liquid-crystal display. LEDSee light emitting diode. light emitting diodeAn electronic device that lights up when electricity is passed through it. liquid-crystal displayAn LCD uses two sheets of polarizing material with a liquid-crystal solution between them. An electric current passed through the liquid causes the crystals to align so that light cannot pass through them. LOLocal oscillator. Te r mDefinition
6881094C31-ENovember 16, 2006 Glossary-5 low-speed handshake150-baud digital data sent to the radio during trunked operation while receiving audio. LSHSee low-speed handshake. Master In Slave OutSPI data line from a peripheral to the MCU. Master Out Slave InSPI data line from the MCU to a peripheral. MCUSee microcontroller unit. MDCMotorola Digital Communications. MDIMCU/DSP Interface internal to the Patriot IC. MHzSee Megahertz. MegahertzOne million cycles per second. Used especially as a radio-frequency unit. microcontroller unitAlso written as µC. A microprocessor that contains RAM and ROM components, as well as communications and programming components and peripherals. MISOSee Master In Slave Out. MOSISee Master Out Slave In. multiplexerAn electronic device that combines several signals for transmission on some shared medium (e.g., a telephone wire). MUXSee multiplexer. NiCdNickel-cadmium. NiMHNickel-metal-hydride. OMPACSee over-molded pad-array carrier. open architectureA controller configuration that utilizes a microprocessor with extended ROM, RAM, and EEPROM. oscillatorAn electronic device that produces alternating electric current and commonly employs tuned circuits and amplifying components. OSWSee outbound signaling word. OTARSee over-the-air rekeying. outbound signaling wordData transmitted on the control channel from the central controller to the subscriber unit. over-molded pad- array carrierA Motorola custom IC package, distinguished by the presence of solder balls on the bottom pads. Te r mDefinition
November 16, 20066881094C31-E Glossary-6 over-the-air rekeyingAllows the dispatcher to remotely reprogram the encryption keys in the radio. PAPower amplifier. pagingOne-way communication that alerts the receiver to retrieve a message. Patriot ICA dual-core processor that contains an MCU and a DSP in one IC package. PC BoardPrinted Circuit Board. Also referred to as a PCB. phase-locked loopA circuit in which an oscillator is kept in phase with a reference, usually after passing through a frequency divider. PLSee private-line tone squelch. PLLSee phase-locked loop. private-line tone squelchA continuous sub-audible tone that is transmitted along with the carrier. See also DPL. Programmable Read-Only MemoryA memory chip on which data can be written only once. Once data has been written onto a PROM, it remains there forever. PROMSee Programmable Read-Only Memory. PTTSee Push-to-Talk. Push-to-TalkThe switch or button usually located on the left side of the radio which, when pressed, causes the radio to transmit. When the PTT is released, the unit returns to receive operation. radio frequencyThe portion of the electromagnetic spectrum between audio sound and infrared light (approximately 10 kHz to 10 GHz). radio frequency power amplifierAmplifier having one or more active devices to amplify radio signals. Radio Interface BoxA service aid used to enable communications between a radio and the programming software. Radio Service SoftwareDOS-based software containing the feature set of an ASTRO radio. See also CPS. RAMSee random access memory. random access memoryA type of computer memory that can be accessed randomly; that is, any byte of memory can be accessed without touching the preceding bytes. read-only memoryA type of computer memory on which data has been prerecorded. Once data has been written onto a ROM chip, it cannot be removed and can only be read. Te r mDefinition
6881094C31-ENovember 16, 2006 Glossary-7 real-time clockA module that keeps track of elapsed time even when a computer is turned off. receiverElectronic device that amplifies RF signals. A receiver separates the audio signal from the RF carrier, amplifies it, and converts it back to the original sound waves. registersShort-term data-storage circuits within the microcontroller unit or programmable logic IC. repeaterRemote transmit/receive facility that re-transmits received signals in order to improve communications range and coverage (conventional operation). repeater/talkaroundA conventional radio feature that permits communication through a receive/transmit facility, which re-transmits received signals in order to improve communication range and coverage. RESETReset line: an input to the microcontroller that restarts execution. RFSee radio frequency. RF PASee radio frequency power amplifier. RIBSee Radio Interface Box. ROMSee read-only memory. RPCICRegulator/power control IC. RSSSee Radio Service Software. RTCSee real-time clock. RXReceive. RX DATARecovered digital data line. SAPSee Serial Audio CODEC Port. SCI INSee Serial Communication Interface Input Line. Serial Audio CODEC PortSSI to and from the GCAP II IC CODEC used to transfer transmit and receive audio data. Serial Communication Interface Input LineA full-duplex (receiver/transmitter) asynchronous serial interface. Serial Input/Output ICAn integrated circuit that provides SB9600 serial and power-control functions. Serial Peripheral InterfaceHow the microcontroller communicates to modules and ICs through the CLOCK and DATA lines. Te r mDefinition
November 16, 20066881094C31-E Glossary-8 signalAn electrically transmitted electromagnetic wave. Signal Qualifier modeAn operating mode in which the radio is muted, but still continues to analyze receive data to determine RX signal type. SIO ICSee Serial Input/Output IC. Smart Radio Interface BoxA service aid containing microcontroller buffered RAM that enhances the speed and capability of programming a radio with programming software. softpotSee software potentiometer. softwareComputer programs, procedures, rules, documentation, and data pertaining to the operation of a system. software potentiometerA computer-adjustable electronic attenuator. spectrumFrequency range within which radiation has specific characteristics. SPISee Serial Peripheral Interface. squelchMuting of audio circuits when received signal levels fall below a pre- determined value. With carrier squelch, all channel activity that exceeds the radio’s preset squelch level can be heard. SRAMSee static RAM. SRIBSee Smart Radio Interface Box. SSISee Synchronous Serial Interface. Standby modeAn operating mode in which the radio is muted but still continues to monitor data. static RAMA type of memory used for volatile, program/data memory that does not need to be refreshed. Synchronous Serial InterfaceDSP interface to peripherals that consists of a clock signal line, a frame synchronization signal line, and a data line. system central controllersMain control unit of the trunked dispatch system; handles ISW and OSW messages to and from subscriber units (See ISW and OSW). system selectThe act of selecting the desired operating system with the system-select switch (also, the name given to this switch). talkaroundA conventional radio feature that lets you bypass the repeater and connect directly to another radio. The transmit and receive frequencies are the same. thin small-outline packageA type of dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) package that is commonly used in memory applications. Te r mDefinition
6881094C31-ENovember 16, 2006 Glossary-9 time-out timerA timer that limits the length of a transmission. TOTSee time-out timer. transceiverTransmitter-receiver. A device that both transmits and receives analog or digital signals. Also abbreviated as XCVR. transmitterElectronic equipment that generates and amplifies an RF carrier signal, modulates the signal, and then radiates it into space. TSOPSee thin small-outline package. TXTransmit. UARTSee also Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter. UHFUltra-High Frequency. Universal Asynchronous Receiver TransmitterA microchip with programming that controls a computers interface to its attached serial devices. Universal Serial BusAn external bus standard that supports data transfer rates of 12 Mbps. USBSee Universal Serial Bus. VCOSee voltage-controlled oscillator. vector sum excited linear predictive codingA voice-encoding technique used in ASTRO digital voice. VHFVery-High Frequency. VIPVehicle Interface Port. VOCONSee vocoder/controller. vocoderAn electronic device for synthesizing speech by implementing a compression algorithm particular to voice. See also voice encoder. vocoder/controllerA PC board that contains an ASTRO radio’s microcontroller, DSP, memory, audio and power functions, and interface support circuitry. voice encoderThe DSP-based system for digitally processing analog signals, and includes the capabilities of performing voice compression algorithms or voice encoding. See also vocoder. voltage-controlled oscillatorAn oscillator in which the frequency of oscillation can be varied by changing a control voltage. VSELPSee vector sum excited linear predictive coding. Te r mDefinition
Index-1 6881094C31-ENovember 16, 2006 IndexIndex Numerics 13 MHz reference generation, flipper IC 3-31 32 kHz oscillator, flipper IC 3-30 5-volt regulator U505, VOCON 3-26 A Abacus III IC U500 3-7 algorithms, encryption module 3-42 amplifier audio power U503 3-26 audio pre-amplifier U502 3-26 driver U102 3-9 power transistor 3-10 summing U106 3-11 antenna port J2 3-5 antenna switch, transmitter 3-10 audio circuitry, GCAP II IC U501 3-25 components, VOCON board 3-24 power amplifier U503 3-26 pre-amplifier U502 3-26 audio path receive 3-40 transmit 3-38 automatic level control (ALC), PCIC 3-12 B baseband interface port (BBP) 3-20 battery connector J3 3-3 types and capacities 2-1 block diagram Abacus III IC U500 3-7 overall 3-2 power distribution 700-800 MHz 2-2, 2-3 UHF 2-2, 2-3 VHF 2-2, 2-3 receiver 3-5 transceiver 3-2, 3-3 board overlays transceiver (RF) board 700-800 MHz 8-10 UHF 8-55 VHF 8-41 transceiver list 8-1 VOCON board NTN9564B 8-102 NTN9564C 8-116 VOCON list 8-1 boot data path control, flipper IC 3-29 C caution symbol meaning 1-2charts, troubleshooting button test 5-21 channel/zone select error 5-20 DC supply failure 5-7 display failure 800 MHz 5-16 VHF 5-13 keyload failure 5-42 list 5-1 main 5-2 power-up failure 5-3 secure hardware failure 5-43 top/side button test 5-22 VCO Tx/Rx unlock 5-23 VOCON Rx audio 5-28, 5-29 Rx RF 5-31 Tx audio 5-24, 5-26 Tx RF (UHF R1/700-800 MHz) 5-39 Tx RF (VHF) 5-36 volume set error 5-19 CMOS support, flipper IC 3-30 components block diagram 3-2 controller (VOCON) 3-18 encryption module 3-42 keypad module 3-36 universal flex assembly 3-36 connector display module P301 3-18 encryption J701 3-18 keypad module P107 3-18 RF interface P201 3-18 universal J101 3-17 controller components, VOCON board 3-18 controls and control top flex, VOCON board 3-36 D D/A outputs, PCIC 3-13 danger symbol meaning 1-2 detailed theory transceiver (RF) board 3-2 VOCON board 3-16 digital signal processor (DSP) baseband interface port (BBP) 3-20 detailed theory 3-20 serial audio CODEC port (SAP) 3-21 timer module 3-20 universal serial bus (USB) 3-21 directional coupler U101, transmitter 3-10 display module connector P301 3-18 VOCON board 3-35 driver amplifier U102 3-9 E EEPOT potentiometer U509 3-27 encryption connector J701 3-18 module 3-42 module algorithms 3-42
Index-2 November 16, 20066881094C31-E errors, power-up self-check 4-5 ESD protection circuitry, VOCON board 3-32 external interface module (EIM) 3-19 F Flash memory IC U402 3-22 flipper IC U301 13 MHz reference generation 3-31 32 kHz oscillator 3-30 boot data path control 3-29 CMOS support 3-30 detailed theory 3-29 logic level translation 3-29 one-wire support 3-30 side interface connector 3-29 SSI clock and frame sync generator 3-31 USB transceiver 3-29 watchdog timer 3-30 FracN IC U202 3-14 frequency generator unit (FGU) FracN IC U202 3-14 loop filter 3-15 reference oscillator Y200 3-14 VCO buffer IC (VCOBIC) U200 3-15 G GCAP II IC U501 audio circuitry 3-25 detailed theory 3-24 MCU interface 3-25 power routing 2-4 voltage regulation 3-24 global control audio and power II IC 501 See GCAP II IC U501 glossary Glossary-1 H handling precautions, troubleshooting 4-1 harmonic filter, transmitter 3-11 I IC Abacus III U500 3-7 directional coupler U101 3-10 driver amplifier U102 3-9 Flash memory U402 3-22 flipper U301 3-29 FracN U202 3-14 GCAP II U501 3-24 Patriot U401 3-19 power-control (PCIC) U104 3-11 static RAM (SRAM) U403 3-22 summing amplifier U106 3-11 IF filter, receiver front end 3-6 interconnections transceiver 3-3 VOCON board 3-16 interface support components, VOCON board 3-28 K keep-alive mode 2-3 key variable loader (KVL) 3-42 keypad module connector P107 3-18 description 3-36 VOCON board 3-36 KVL (key variable loader) 3-42 L LNA, receiver front end 3-6 logic level translation, flipper IC 3-29 loop filter, FGU 3-15 M manual notations 1-2 MCU interface, GCAP II IC U501 3-25 memory components, VOCON board 3-18 microcontroller unit (MCU) description 3-19 external interface module (EIM) 3-19 multiple queue serial peripheral interface (MQSPI) 3-19 one-way interface 3-20 universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter (UART) 3-20 mixer, receiver front end 3-6 mode, keep-alive 2-3 model chart UHF non-ruggedized 3-xxii ruggedized 3-xxiii module encryption 3-42 keypad 3-36 multiple queue serial peripheral interface (MQSPI) 3-19 N notations in manual 1-2 O one-way interface 3-20 one-wire support, flipper IC 3-30 option selects, universal connector 3-35 ordering replacement parts A-1 oscillator 32 kHz 3-30 reference Y200, FGU 3-14 sampling clock 3-8 second local 3-8 voltage-controlled (VCO) 3-8 overview keypad module 3-36 universal flex assembly 3-36 VOCON board 3-16
Index-3 6881094C31-ENovember 16, 2006 P parts list transceiver (RF) board 700-800 MHz 8-12, 8-26 UHF 8-57, 8-72 VHF 8-43 VOCON board NNTN4563A/B 8-132 NNTN4717D 8-161, 8-175 NNTN4819A 8-147 NTN9564B 8-104 NTN9564C 8-118 parts, ordering replacement A-1 Patriot IC U401 description 3-19 digital signal processor (DSP) 3-20 microcontroller unit (MCU) 3-19 PCIC (power-control IC) U104 automatic level control (ALC) 3-12 D/A outputs 3-13 detailed theory 3-11 purpose 3-8 temperature cut back 3-13 voltage multiplier 3-12 voltage regulator 3-12 power amplifier transistor 3-10 components, VOCON board 3-24 conditioning components, transceiver 3-5 power control IC U104 See PCIC (power control IC) U104 power distribution block diagram 700-800 MHz 2-2, 2-3 UHF 2-2, 2-3 VHF 2-2, 2-3 keep-alive mode 2-3 radio 2-1 transceiver board 2-4 transmitter 3-9 VOCON board 2-4 power-up self-check diagnostics and repair 4-6 errors 4-5 power-up/power-down sequence 3-41 preselector filters, receiver front end 3-6 R radio keep-alive mode 2-3 power distribution 2-1 power-up/power-down sequence 3-41 receive audio path, VOCON board 3-40 receiver back end Abacus III IC U500 3-7 detailed theory 3-7 sampling clock oscillator 3-8 second LO 3-8 block diagram 3-5 front end detailed theory 3-6IF filter 3-6 low-noise amplifier (LNA) 3-6 mixer 3-6 preselector filters 3-6 reference oscillator Y200, FGU 3-14 replacement parts, ordering A-1 RF detectors, transmitter 3-11 interface connector P201 3-18 S sampling clock oscillator 3-8 schematics transceiver (RF) board 8-3 transceiver board list 8-1 VOCON board 8-95 VOCON board list 8-1 second LO (local oscillator) 3-8 serial audio CODEC port (SAP) 3-21 serial EEPROM 3-5 service tools, recommended 4-2 side interface connector, flipper IC 3-29 signal tracing, troubleshooting 4-3 SSI clock and frame sync generator, flipper IC 3-31 standard supply voltages 4-4 static RAM (SRAM) IC U403 3-22 summing amplifier U106, transmitter 3-11 symbols caution 1-2 danger 1-2 warning 1-2 system clocks troubleshooting 4-4 VOCON board 3-37 T temperature cut back, PCIC 3-13 terms and definitions Glossary-1 timer module, DSP 3-20 tools, recommended service 4-2 transceiver antenna port J2 3-5 battery connector J3 3-3 block diagram 3-2, 3-3 board overlays 700-800 MHz 8-10 UHF 8-55 VHF 8-41 detailed theory 3-2 interconnections 3-3 parts list 700-800 MHz 8-12, 8-26 UHF 8-57, 8-72 VHF 8-43 power conditioning 3-5 power distribution diagram 2-4 schematics 8-3 serial EEPROM 3-5 VOCON connector P1 3-3 voltage regulators 2-4 transmit audio path, VOCON board 3-38