Land Rover Range Rover 1999 Owners Handbook 2nd Edition Exp Rover

							186 
						

							Parts & accessories
187 PARTS & ACCESSORIES
Your vehicle has been designed,
manufactured and proven to cope with the
most rigorous driving conditions. As such,
fitting parts and accessories that have been
developed and tested to the same stringent
standards is essential to guarantee the
continued reliability, safety and performance
of the vehicle.
To augment the vehicles already awesome
ability, a comprehensive and versatile range of
quality spare parts and accessories are
available to fulfil a wide variety of roles, both
enhancing and protecting the vehicle in the
many tasks to which it can be applied.
Genuine Land Rover parts are the ONLY parts
built to original equipment specifications AND
approved by Land Rover designers; this
means that every single part and accessory
has been rigorously tested by the same
engineering team that designed and built the
vehicle and can therefore be GUARANTEED for
twelve months with UNLIMITED MILEAGE.
A full list and description of all accessories is
available from your Land Rover dealer.
It is recommended that you always consult a
Land Rover dealer for advice regarding the
approval, suitability, installation and use of
any parts or accessories before fitting.
WARNING
The fitting of parts and accessories of
inferior quality, or carrying out of
non-approved conversions, may be
dangerous and could affect the safety of the
vehicle and occupants and invalidate the
terms and conditions of the vehicle
warranty.
Electrical equipment
WARNING
It is extremely hazardous to fit parts or
accessories whose installation requires the
dismantling of, or addition to, either the
electrical or fuel systems.
If an airbag SRS is fitted, ALWAYS consult
your Land Rover dealer before fitting any
accessory.
Fitting inferior quality parts or accessories,
may be dangerous and could invalidate the
vehicle warranty. 
						

							Parts & accessories
188 After sales service
The After Sale Parts service is of paramount
importance, both in the UK and across the
world. In the UK, there are over 100
authorised Land Rover dealers, all
computer-linked for rapid ordering of parts
and accessories.
In addition, with franchised representation in
over 100 countries worldwide, Land Rover are
able to support your vehicle wherever you go.
A full list of Land Rover dealers is included in
the literature pack.
Only Land Rover dealers are able to provide
the full range of recommended parts and
accessories that meet our rigorous standards
of safety, durability and performance.
Travelling abroad
In certain countries, it is illegal to fit parts
which have not been made to the vehicle
manufacturers specification.
Owners should ensure that any parts or
accessories fitted to the vehicle while
travelling abroad, will also conform to the
legal requirements of their own country when
they return home. 
						

							189
This section of the handbook is devoted to
your vehicles superb off-road driving
capabilities.
Before venturing off-road however, it is
absolutely essentialthat inexperienced
drivers become fully familiar with the vehicles
controls, in particular the transfer gearbox,
and also study the off-road driving techniques
described on the following pages.
SECTION 7
Off-road driving
Section Contents Page
Basic off-road techniques 191........................
Driving on soft surfaces & dry sand 194........
Driving on slippery surfaces 195....................
Driving on rough tracks 196...........................
Climbing steep slopes 196..............................
Descending steep slopes 197.........................
Traversing a slope 198...................................
Negotiating a V shaped gully 198..................
Driving in existing vehicle tracks 198..............
Crossing a ridge 199......................................
Crossing a ditch 199.......................................
Wading 199....................................................
Bib spoiler 200............................................... 
						

							190 
						

							Off-road driving
191
WARNING
Off-road driving can be hazardous!
·DO NOT take unnecessary risks.
·Be prepared for emergencies at all
times.
·Familiarise yourself with the
recommended driving techniques in
order to minimise risks to yourself, your
vehicle AND your passengers.
·Remove the CD autochanger (if fitted)
before arduous off-road driving.
·Always wear a seat belt for personal
protection in all off-road driving
conditions.
·DO NOT drive if the fuel level is low -
undulating ground and steep inclines
could cause fuel starvation to the engine
and consequent damage to the catalytic
converter.
·Driving 0ff-road with a loaded roof rack
is NOT recommended. If it is necessary
to stow luggage on the roof rack while
driving off-road, all loads MUST be
removed before traversing side slopes.
BASIC OFF-ROAD TECHNIQUES
These basic driving techniques are an
introduction to the art of off-road driving and
do not necessarily provide the information
needed to successfully cope with every single
off-road situation.
We strongly recommend that owners who
intend to drive off-road frequently, should
seek as much additional information and
practical experience as possible.
Gear selection - manual gearbox
Correct gear selection is possibly the single
most important factor for safe and successful
off-road driving. While only experience will tell
you which is the correct gear for any section
of ground, the following basic rules apply:
·NEVER change gear or de-clutch while
negotiating difficult terrain; the drag on the
wheels may cause the vehicle to stop
when the clutch is depressed and
restarting may be difficult.
·Generally, and especially where slippery or
soft ground conditions prevail, the higher
the gear you select the better.
·When descending very steep slopes,
always select first gear in LOW range.
Inexperienced drivers are advised to stop the
vehicle and carefully consider which gear will
be the most appropriate for each manoeuvre
before continuing. 
						

							Off-road driving
192 Slipping the clutch
Use of excessive clutch slip to prevent the
engine stalling will result in premature clutch
wear. Always select a gear low enough to
enable the vehicle to proceed without the need
to slip the clutch.
DO NOT drive with your foot resting on the
clutch pedal; driving across uneven terrain
could cause you to inadvertently depress the
clutch, resulting in loss of control of the
vehicle.
Gear selection - automatic gearbox
On automatic models, with the gearshift lever
set at D, the gearbox automatically provides
the correct gear for the appropriate gear range
selected (HIGH or LOW). Remember that
position 1 will hold the gearbox in first gear
to give maximum engine braking when
required.
HIGH range gears should be used whenever
possible; only change to the LOW range when
ground conditions become very difficult.
Uncontrolled spinning of individual wheels will
be limited by the viscous coupling unit which
is combined with the centre differential.
Braking
As far as possible, vehicle speed should be
controlled through correct gear selection.
Application of the pedal should be kept to an
absolute minimum. Harsh braking on wet,
muddy or loose surfaces could prove
dangerous.
NOTE:If the correct gear has been selected,
braking will be largely unnecessary.
Use of engine for braking
Before descending steep slopes, stop the
vehicle at least its length before the descent,
move the gearshift lever to N, engage LOW
range and then select first or second gear (1
or 2 for automatic transmission) depending
on the severity of the incline.
While descending the slope it should be
remembered that the engine will provide
sufficient braking effort to control the rate of
descent, and that the brakes should not be
applied.
Accelerating
Use the accelerator with care; any sudden
surge of power may induce wheel spin and
result in loss of control of the vehicle.
Steering
WARNING
DO NOT hold the steering wheel with your
thumbs inside the rim; a sudden kick of the
wheel as the vehicle negotiates a rut or
boulder could seriously injure them.
ALWAYS grip the wheel on the outside of the
rim (as shown) when traversing uneven
ground. 
						

							Off-road driving
193 Survey the ground before driving
Before negotiating difficult terrain, it is wise to
carry out a preliminary survey on foot. This
will minimise the risk of your vehicle getting
into difficulty through a previously unnoticed
hazard.
Ground clearance
For serious off-road driving ALWAYS remove
the bib spoiler extension from the front
bumper (if fitted).
Dont forget to allow for ground clearance
beneath the chassis, axles and under the front
and rear bumpers. Note that the axle
differentials are situated BELOW the chassis
and are positioned slightly to the LEFT of the
centre of the vehicle. Note also that there are
other parts of the vehicle which may come
into contact with the ground; take care not to
ground the vehicle.
Ground clearance is particularly important at
the bottom of a steep slope, or where wheel
ruts are unusually deep and where sudden
changes in the slope of the ground are
experienced.
On soft ground, the axle differentials will clear
their own path in all but the most difficult
conditions. However, on frozen, rocky or hard
ground, if the vehicles progress is halted as a
result of grounding of the chassis, this will
cause the vehicle to rise automatically to the
Extended profile ride height position. (see
Air suspensionfor further details).
Always attempt to avoid obstacles that may
foul the chassis or differentials.Loss of traction
If the vehicle is immobile due to loss of wheel
grip, the following hints could be of value:
·Avoid prolonged wheel spin; this will only
make matters worse. The electronic
traction control (ETC) (if fitted) will
prevent wheel spin; drive will be diverted
from a spinning wheel and the remaining
wheel will then provide the traction
necessary to overcome difficult driving
conditions.
·Remove obstacles rather than forcing the
vehicle across them.
·Clear clogged tyre treads.
·Reverse as far as possible, then attempt
an increased speed approach; additional
momentum may overcome the obstacle.
·Brushwood, sacking or any similar
material placed in front of the tyres will
improve tyre grip. 
						

							Off-road driving
194 IMPORTANT INFORMATION
After driving off-road
Before rejoining the public highway, or
driving at speeds above 40 km/h,
consideration should be given to the
following:
·Wheels and tyres must be cleaned of
mud and inspected for damage -
ensure there are no lumps or bulges
in the tyres or exposure of the ply or
cord structure.
·Brake discs and calipers should be
examined and any stones or grit that
may affect braking efficiency
removed.
Servicing requirements
Vehicles operated in arduous conditions,
particularly on dusty, muddy or wet
terrain, and vehicles undergoing frequent
or deep wading conditions will require
more frequent servicing. See Owner
maintenance and contact a Land Rover
dealer for advice.
In addition:
After wading in salt water or driving on
sandy beaches, use a hose to thoroughly
wash the underbody components and any
exposed body panels with fresh water.
This will help to protect the vehicles
cosmetic appearance.DRIVING ON SOFT SURFACES & DRY SAND
The ideal technique for driving on soft ground
and dry sand requires the vehicle to be kept
moving at all times; soft ground and sand
causes excessive drag on the wheels,
resulting in a rapid loss of motion once
driving momentum is lost. For this reason,
gear changing (particularly on manual
gearbox vehicles) should be avoided.
Select the highest suitable gear and REMAIN
in that gear until a firm surface is reached. It
is generally advisable to use LOW range
gears, as these will enable you to accelerate
through worsening conditions without the risk
of being unable to restart. 
						

							Off-road driving
195 Stopping the vehicle on soft ground, in sand
or on an incline
If you do stop the vehicle, remember:
Starting on an incline or in soft ground or
sand is almost impossible. Always park on a
firm, level area, or with the vehicle facing
downhill.
To avoid wheel spin, select second or third
gear and use the minimum throttle necessary
to get the vehicle moving. For automatic
transmission vehicles, select D (or 4 if in
LOW range). In LOW range, select MANUAL
mode (see
Transmissionsfor further
information).
If forward motion is lost, avoid excessive use
of the throttle; this will cause wheel spin and
tend to dig the vehicle into the sand. Clear
sand from around the tyres and ensure that
the chassis and axles are not bearing on the
sand before again attempting to move.
If the wheels have sunk, use an air bag lifting
device or high lift jack to raise the vehicle, and
then build up sand under the wheels so that
the vehicle is again on level ground. If a
restart is not possible, place sand mats or
ladders beneath the wheels.DRIVING ON SLIPPERY SURFACES
(ice, snow, mud or wet grass)
Select the highest gear possible. On automatic
transmission vehicles, select D (or 4 if in
LOW range). In LOW range, also select
MANUAL mode. (see
Transmissionsfor
further information).
Drive away using the MINIMUM throttle
possible. Drive slowly at all times, keeping
braking to a minimum and avoiding violent
movements of the steering wheel.