Land Rover Discovery Series Ii 2001my Owners Handbook Nas Rover
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Driving Techniques 130 CLIMBING STEEP SLOPES ALWAYS follow the fall line of the slope - traveling diagonally could encourage the vehicle to slide broadside down the slope. Steep climbs will usually require the LOW gear range. If the surface is loose or slippery, use sufficient speed in the highest practical gear to take advantage of your vehicles momentum. However, too high a speed over a bumpy surface may result in a wheel lifting, causing the vehicle to lose traction. In this case, try a slower approach. Traction can also be improved by easing off the accelerator just before loss of forward motion. If the vehicle is unable to complete a climb, do not attempt to turn it around while on the slope. Instead, adopt the following procedure to reverse downhill to the foot of the slope. 1.Hold the vehicle stationary using both the foot and parking brakes. 2.Restart the engine if necessary. 3.Engage reverse (‘R’) and LOW range. 4.Select hill descent control (HDC). 5.Release the parking brake. Then release the foot brake and allow the vehicle to reverse down the slope using engine braking and HDC to control the rate of descent. 6.Unless it is necessary to stop the vehicle to negotiate obstructions, DO NOT apply the brake pedal during the descent - even a light application may cause the front wheels to lock, rendering the steering ineffective. 7. If the vehicle begins to slide, accelerate slightly to allow the tyres to regain grip. When the vehicle is back on level ground or where traction can be regained, a faster approach will probably enable the hill to be climbed. However, DO NOT take unnecessary risks, if the hill is too difficult to climb, find an alternative route.WARNING DO NOT attempt to reverse down a slope without the engine running - HDC and the braking effect of the gearbox will be lost.
Driving Techniques 131 DESCENDING STEEP SLOPES WARNING Failure to follow these instructions may cause the vehicle to roll over. •Stop the vehicle at least a vehicle length before the start of the slope and apply the parking brake. Engage first gear (‘1’) LOW range and hill descent control. •Unless it is necessary to stop the vehicle in order to negotiate obstructions, DO NOT touch the brake during the descent - the engine and HDC will limit the speed, keeping the vehicle under perfect control provided the front wheels are rotating. If the vehicle begins to slide, the limits of adhesion have been reached, and it may be impossible to maintain the minimum speed relative to the gear selected. In this case, HDC may automatically accelerate the vehicle sufficient to maintain directional stability. DO NOT use the accelerator or the brakes or attempt to change gear. HDC will automatically slow the vehicle down again as soon as possible. •Once level ground is reached, select a suitable gear for the next stage of your journey. TRAVERSING A SLOPE WARNING Failure to follow these instructions may cause the vehicle to roll over. Before crossing a slope ALWAYS observe the following precautions: •Check that the ground is firm and not slippery. •Check that the wheels on the downhill side of the vehicle are not likely to drop into depressions in the ground and that the ‘uphill’ wheels will not run over rocks, tree roots, or similar obstacles that could suddenly increase the angle of tilt. •Ensure that passenger weight is evenly distributed, that all roof rack luggage is removed and that all other luggage is properly secured and stowed as low as possible. Always remember, any sudden movement of the load could cause the vehicle to overturn. •Where possible, rear seat passengers should sit on the uphill side of the vehicle or, in extreme conditions, should vacate the vehicle until the sloping ground has been safely negotiated. H2521H2531
Driving Techniques 132 NEGOTIATING A ‘V’ SHAPED GULLY Observe extreme caution! Steering up either of the gully walls could cause the side of the vehicle to be trapped against the opposite gully wall. DRIVING IN EXISTING WHEEL TRACKS As far as possible allow the vehicle to steer itself along the bottom of the ruts. However, always keep a light hold of the steering wheel to prevent it from spinning free. Particularly in wet conditions, if the steering wheel is allowed to spin free, the vehicle may appear to be driving straight ahead in the ruts, but in actual fact (due to the lack of traction caused by the wet ground) is unknowingly on full right or left lock. Then, when level ground is reached, or if a dry patch of ground is encountered, the wheels will find traction and cause the vehicle to suddenly veer to left or right. CROSSING A RIDGE Approach at right angles so that both front wheels cross the ridge together - an angled approach could cause traction to be lost through diagonally opposite wheels lifting from the ground at the same time. CROSSING A DITCH Cross ditches at an angle so that three wheels always maintain contact with the ground. If a ditch is approached head on, both front wheels will drop into the ditch together, possibly resulting in the chassis and front bumper being trapped on opposite sides of the ditch. On vehicles equipped with self-levelling suspension, and if the severity of terrain makes this inevitable, manually operating the self-levelling suspension to increase clearance between the ground and the rear of the vehicle may help. H2532 H2530
Driving Techniques 133 WADING WARNING The maximum advisable wading depth is 20 inches (0,5 m). Severe electrical damage may occur if the vehicle remains stationary for any length of time when the water level is above the door sills. If the water is likely to exceed 10 inches (0,5 m), the following precautions should be observed: •Fix a plastic sheet in front of the radiator grille to prevent water from soaking the engine and mud from blocking the radiator. •Remove the CD autochanger *. •Ensure that the silt bed beneath the water is free of obstacles and firm enough to support the vehicles weight and provide sufficient traction. •Ensure that the engine air intake is clear of the water level. •Select a low gear and maintain sufficient throttle to prevent the engine from stalling. This is particularly important if the exhaust pipe is under water. •Drive slowly into the water and accelerate to a speed which causes a bow wave to form; then maintain that speed. At all times, keep all the doors fully closed.After wading •Immediately after wading, remove any protective covering from in front of the radiator grille. •Drive the vehicle a short distance and apply the foot brake to check that the brakes are fully effective. •DO NOT rely on the parking brake to hold the vehicle stationary until the transmission has thoroughly dried out; in the meantime, leave the vehicle with the gearbox selector moved to park (‘P’). •If the water was particularly muddy, remove any blockages (mud and leaves) from the radiator to reduce the risk of overheating. •If deep water is regularly negotiated, check all oils for signs of water contamination - contaminated oil can be identified through its ‘milky’ appearance. In addition, check the air filter element for water ingress and replace if wet - consult a Land Rover dealer if necessary. •If salt water is frequently negotiated, thoroughly wash the underbody components and exposed body panels with fresh water. NOTE: Vehicles required to undergo frequent or deep wading conditions will require more frequent servicing. Contact a Land Rover dealer for advice.
135 On-Road Driving On-Road Driving INSTRUMENTS AND WARNING LIGHTS . . . . . . 139 POWER ASSISTED STEERING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 WARMING UP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 VEHICLE HEIGHT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 DRIVING PRECAUTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 FUEL ECONOMY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 BREAKDOWN SAFETY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
On-Road Driving 137 On-Road Driving O n- Road Dr iv in gINSTRUMENTS AND WARNING LIGHTS Before driving it is important to fully understand the function of the instruments and warning lights (see ‘INSTRUMENT PANEL’, page 46). NOTE: Red warning lights are of particular importance, illumination indicating that a fault exists. If a red light illuminates, always stop the vehicle and seek qualified assistance before continuing. POWER ASSISTED STEERING The hydraulic power-assisted steering is progressively geared; when steering straight ahead gearing is relatively low, but becomes progressively higher as the steering wheel is turned. NOTE: Power assistance is dependent on the engine running. If the engine is not running, a much greater effort will be required to steer the vehicle. WARMING UP In the interests of fuel economy, it is advisable to drive the vehicle straight away, remembering that harsh acceleration or labouring the engine before the normal operating temperature has been reached can damage the engine. When the engine is cold, engine idle speeds will be faster than normal. Under these circumstances, use the foot brake to control the vehicle until the engine is warm and running at normal speed, and be aware of the need to take additional care when manoeuvring the vehicle. VEHICLE HEIGHT WARNING The overall height of your vehicle exceeds that of ordinary passenger cars (for convenience the height is shown on the underside of the sun visor). Always be aware of the height of your vehicle and check the available headroom before driving through low entrances. This is particularly important if the vehicle is fitted with a roof rack or if a sunroof is open.
On-Road Driving 138 DRIVING PRECAUTIONS WARNING Utility vehicles have a significantly higher roll-over rate than other types of vehicles. Since these vehicles are designed to be operated off-road, these vehicles have a higher ground clearance and hence a higher centre of gravity. Such a feature has been associated with an increased risk of vehicle roll-over. An advantage associated with higher ground clearance vehicles is a better view of the road, allowing the driver to anticipate problems. Another factor shown to significantly increase roll-over risk is unauthorized vehicle modifications such as fitting incorrect specification tyres (see ‘WHEELS & TYRES’, page 211), oversize tyres, body lifting, incorrect springs/dampers, incorrect vehicle loading/trailer towing. However, on-road crash data also indicates that driver behaviour is a greater factor than a high centre of gravity in determining a vehicles overall roll-over rate. The single most effective driver behaviour that can reduce the risk of injury or death in all crashes including roll-over, is to ALWAYS WEAR YOUR SEAT BELT and to properly restrain all child passengers in an appropriate child safety seat. In a roll-over crash, an unbelted person is significantly more likely to die than a person wearing a seat belt. Other measures that can reduce the risk of injury and death from vehicle crashes and roll-over are: •Limit speed. Posted speed limits should never be exceeded, and you should always drive below these limits whenever traffic, weather, road or other conditions dictate. Always use your common sense and good judgement. •Take curves at reasonable speeds. •Drive defensively. Be aware of traffic, road and weather conditions. Avoid risk taking behaviour such as following too close, rapid lane changing or abrupt manoeuvres. •Assume that pedestrians or other drivers are going to make mistakes. Anticipate what they might do. Be ready for their mistakes. •Avoid distractions such as cellular phone calling, reading, eating, drinking or reaching for items on the floor. •Before changing lanes, check your mirrors and flash your turn signal lights. •Always leave room for unexpected events such as sudden braking. •Never operate your vehicle when you have consumed alcohol, are sleepy or fatigued or have taken any medications that affect judgement, reflexes or alertness. •Many vehicle roll-overs occur when a driver attempts to bring a vehicle back onto the road after some or all of the wheels drift onto the shoulder of the road, especially when the shoulder is unpaved. If you find yourself in such a situation, do not initiate any sharp or abrupt steering and/or braking manoeuvres to re-enter the roadway. Instead, let the vehicle slow down as much as safely possible before attempting to re-enter the roadway and keep your wheels as straight as possible while re-entering the roadway.
On-Road Driving 139 FUEL ECONOMY Fuel consumption is influenced by two major factors: •How your vehicle is maintained. •How you drive your vehicle. To obtain optimum fuel economy, it is essential that your vehicle is maintained in accordance with the manufacturers service schedule. Items such as the condition of the air cleaner element, tyre pressures and wheel alignment will have a significant effect on fuel consumption. But, above all, the way in which you drive is most important. The following hints may help you to obtain better value from your motoring: •Avoid unnecessary, short, start-stop journeys. •Avoid fast starts by accelerating gently and smoothly from rest. •Do not drive in the lower gears for longer than necessary. •Decelerate gently and avoid sudden and heavy braking. •Anticipate obstructions and adjust your speed accordingly well in advance. •When stationary in traffic, select neutral to improve fuel economy and air conditioning performance. BREAKDOWN SAFETY IMPORTANT INFORMATION Remember the breakdown safety code If a breakdown occurs while travelling: •Wherever possible, consistent with road safety and traffic conditions, the vehicle should be moved off the main thoroughfare, preferably onto the shoulder as far as possible. If a breakdown occurs on a motorway, pull well over to the inside of the hard shoulder. •Switch on hazard lights. •If possible, position a warning triangle or a flashing amber light at an appropriate distance from the vehicle to warn other traffic of the breakdown, (note the legal requirements of some countries). •Consider evacuating passengers through the doors facing away from traffic, to a safe area away frm the vehicle, as a precaution in case your Discovery is accidentally struck by another vehicle.