Land Rover Discovery Series Ii 04my Owners Handbook Nas Rover
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Off-Road Driving 160 Loss of traction If the vehicle is immobilised due to loss of tire grip, the following hints could be of value: •Avoid prolonged wheel spin; this will only make matters worse. •Remove obstacles rather than forcing the vehicle to cross them. •Clear clogged tire treads. •Reverse as far as possible, then attempt an increased speed approach - additional momentum may overcome the obstacle. •Brushwood, sacking or any similar material placed in front of the tires may improve tire grip. CD Autochanger Playing CDs while negotiating arduous off-road terrain is not recommended. Severe jolting of the vehicle may disturb the operation of the autochanger, causing the disc to ‘jump’ or ‘skip’.AFTER DRIVING OFF-ROAD WARNING Before rejoining the public highway, or driving at speeds above 25 mph (40 km/h), consideration should be given to the following: •Wheels and tires must be cleaned of mud and inspected for damage - ensure that there are no lumps or bulges in the tires or exposure of the ply or cord structure. •If wheels and tires are not cleaned properly, damage to the wheels, tires, braking system and suspension components could occur. •Brake discs and callipers should be examined and any stones or grit that may affect braking efficiency removed. •The underside of the vehicle should be checked for damage, especially the suspension air springs and dampers. •Any damage to paint or protective coatings, should be rectified by a Land Rover retailer as soon as possible. If you have any doubt whether the vehicle has been damaged, have the vehicle inspected by a Land Rover retailer. SERVICING REQUIREMENTS Vehicles operated in arduous conditions, particularly on dusty, muddy or wet terrain, and vehicles undergoing frequent or deep wading conditions will require more frequent servicing. See ‘OWNER MAINTENANCE’, page 176 and contact a Land Rover retailer for advice. After wading in salt water or driving on sandy beaches, use a hose to wash the underbody components and any exposed body panels with fresh water. This will help to protect the vehicles cosmetic appearance and help prevent corrosion.
Driving Techniques 161 Driving TechniquesDRIVING ON SOFT SURFACES & DRY SAND The ideal technique for driving on soft surfaces (dry sand for example) requires the vehicle to be kept moving at all times - soft sand causes excessive drag on the wheels resulting in a rapid loss of motion once driving momentum is lost. For this reason, gear changing should be avoided. •Engage the diff lock *. •Select the highest suitable gear and REMAIN in that gear until a firm surface is reached. It is generally advisable to use LOW range gears, as they will enable you to accelerate through worsening conditions without the risk of being unable to restart. •Disengage the diff lock *. STOPPING THE VEHICLE ON SOFT GROUND, IN SAND OR ON AN INCLINE If you do stop the vehicle, remember: Starting on an incline or in soft ground or sand may be difficult. Always park on a firm level area, or with the vehicle facing downhill. To avoid wheel spin, select ‘D’ and use the MINIMUM throttle necessary to get the vehicle moving. If forward motion is lost, avoid excessive use of the throttle - this will cause wheel spin and tend to dig the vehicle into the sand. Clear sand from around the tires and ensure that the chassis and axles are not bearing on the sand before again attempting to move. If the wheels have sunk, use an air bag lifting device or high lift jack to raise the vehicle, and then build up sand under the wheels so that the vehicle is again on level ground. If a restart is still not possible, place ladders or other load spreading aids beneath the wheels. DRIVING ON SLIPPERY SURFACES (ice, snow, mud, wet grass) •Engage the diff lock*. •Select the highest gear possible. •Drive away using the MINIMUM throttle possible. •Drive slowly at all times, keeping braking to a minimum and avoiding violent movements of the steering wheel. •Disengage the diff lock * as soon as firm ground is reached. DRIVING ON ROUGH TRACKS Although rough tracks can sometimes be negotiated in normal drive, it is advisable to engage diff lock * if excessive suspension movement is likely to induce wheel spin. On very rough tracks, engage LOW range to enable a steady, low speed to be maintained without constant use of the brake pedal. WARNING DO NOT drive the vehicle at speeds in excess of 40 mph (60 km/h) with the differential locked.Driving with the differential locked at speeds above 40 mph (60 km/h) may, under certain situations affect the brake performance under ABS conditions.
Driving Techniques 162 CLIMBING STEEP SLOPES Engage the diff lock* and ALWAYS follow the fall line of the slope - travelling diagonally could cause the vehicle to slide broadside down the slope. Steep climbs will usually require the LOW gear range. If the surface is loose or slippery, use sufficient speed in the highest practical gear to take advantage of your vehicles momentum. However, too high a speed over a bumpy surface may result in a wheel lifting, causing the vehicle to lose traction. In this case, try a slower approach. Traction can also be improved by easing off the accelerator just before loss of forward motion. If the vehicle is unable to complete a climb, do not attempt to turn it around while on the slope. Instead, adopt the following procedure to reverse downhill to the foot of the slope. 1.Hold the vehicle stationary using both the foot and parking brakes. 2.Restart the engine if necessary. 3.Engage reverse (‘R’) and LOW range. 4.Select hill descent control (HDC). 5.Release the parking brake. Then release the foot brake and allow the vehicle to reverse down the slope using engine braking and HDC to control the rate of descent. 6.Unless it is necessary to stop the vehicle to negotiate obstructions, DO NOT apply the brake pedal during the descent - even a light application may cause the front wheels to lock, rendering the steering ineffective. 7. If the vehicle begins to slide, accelerate slightly to allow the tires to regain grip.When the vehicle is back on level ground or where traction can be regained, a faster approach will probably enable the hill to be climbed. However, DO NOT take unnecessary risks, if the hill is too difficult to climb, find an alternative route. WARNING DO NOT attempt to reverse down a slope without the engine running and ensure that ‘R’ (reverse) is selected. Otherwise, HDC and the braking effect of the gearbox will be lost.
Driving Techniques 163 DESCENDING STEEP SLOPES WARNING Failure to follow these instructions may cause the vehicle to roll over. •Stop the vehicle at least a vehicle length before the start of the slope and apply the parking brake. Engage first gear (‘1’) LOW range and hill descent control. •Unless it is necessary to stop the vehicle in order to negotiate obstructions, DO NOT touch the brake during the descent - the engine and HDC will limit the speed, keeping the vehicle under control provided the front wheels are rotating. If the vehicle begins to slide, the limits of adhesion have been reached, and it may be impossible to maintain the minimum speed relative to the gear selected. In this case, HDC may automatically accelerate the vehicle sufficient to maintain directional stability. DO NOT use the accelerator or the brakes or attempt to change gear. HDC will automatically slow the vehicle down again as soon as possible. •Once level ground is reached, select a suitable gear for the next stage of your journey. TRAVERSING A SLOPE WARNING Failure to follow these instructions may cause the vehicle to roll over. Before crossing a slope ALWAYS observe the following precautions: •Check that the ground is firm and not slippery. •Check that the wheels on the downhill side of the vehicle are not likely to drop into depressions in the ground and that the ‘uphill’ wheels will not run over rocks, tree roots, or similar obstacles that could suddenly increase the angle of tilt. •Ensure that passenger weight is evenly distributed, that all roof rack luggage is removed and that all other luggage is properly secured and stowed as low as possible. Always remember, any sudden movement of the load could cause the vehicle to overturn. •Where possible, rear seat passengers should sit on the uphill side of the vehicle or, in extreme conditions, should vacate the vehicle until the sloping ground has been safely negotiated. H4426H4433
Driving Techniques 164 NEGOTIATING A ‘V’ SHAPED GULLY Observe extreme caution! Steering up either of the gully walls could cause the side of the vehicle to be trapped against the opposite gully wall. DRIVING IN EXISTING WHEEL TRACKS As far as possible allow the vehicle to steer itself along the bottom of the ruts. However, always keep a light hold of the steering wheel to prevent it from spinning free. Particularly in wet conditions, if the steering wheel is allowed to spin free, the vehicle may appear to be driving straight ahead in the ruts, but in actual fact (due to the lack of traction caused by the wet ground) is unknowingly on full right or left lock. Then, when level ground is reached, or if a dry patch of ground is encountered, the wheels will find traction and cause the vehicle to suddenly veer to left or right. CROSSING A RIDGE Approach at right angles so that both front wheels cross the ridge together - an angled approach could cause traction to be lost through diagonally opposite wheels lifting from the ground at the same time. H4434
Driving Techniques 165 CROSSING A DITCH With the diff lock* engaged, cross ditches at an angle so that three wheels always maintain contact with the ground. If a ditch is approached head on, both front wheels will drop into the ditch together, possibly resulting in the chassis and front bumper being trapped on opposite sides of the ditch. On vehicles equipped with self-levelling suspension, and if the severity of terrain makes this inevitable, manually operating the self-levelling suspension to increase clearance between the ground and the rear of the vehicle may help. H4435
Driving Techniques 166 WADING WARNING The maximum advisable wading depth is 20 inches (0.5 m). Severe electrical damage may occur if the vehicle remains stationary for any length of time when the water level is above the door sills. Severe damage to the catalytic converter could occur if the engine is stopped for any length of time when the water level is above the exhaust tail pipe. If the depth of water is likely to exceed 20 inches (0.5 m), the following precautions should be observed: •Fix a plastic sheet in front of the radiator grille to prevent water from soaking the engine and mud from blocking the radiator. •Remove the CD autochanger *. •Ensure that the silt bed beneath the water is free of obstacles and firm enough to support the vehicles weight and provide sufficient traction. •Ensure that the engine air intake is clear of the water level. •Engage the diff lock *. •Select a low gear and maintain sufficient throttle to prevent the engine from stalling. This is particularly important if the exhaust pipe is under water. •Drive slowly into the water and accelerate to a speed which causes a bow wave to form; then maintain that speed. At all times, keep all the doors fully closed. NOTE: If deep wading is to be carried out regularly, contact your Land Rover retailer for advice.After wading •Disengage the diff lock *as soon as firm ground is reached. •Immediately after wading, remove any protective covering from in front of the radiator grille. •Drive the vehicle a short distance and apply the foot brake to check that the brakes are fully effective. •DO NOT rely on the parking brake to hold the vehicle stationary until the transmission has thoroughly dried out; in the meantime, leave the vehicle with the gearbox selector moved to park (‘P’). •If the water was particularly muddy, remove any blockages (mud and leaves) from the radiator to reduce the risk of overheating. •If deep water is regularly negotiated, check all oils for signs of water contamination - contaminated oil can be identified through its ‘milky’ appearance. In addition, check the air filter element for water ingress and replace if wet - consult a Land Rover retailer if necessary. •If salt water is frequently negotiated, thoroughly wash the underbody components and exposed body panels with fresh water. NOTE: Vehicles required to undergo frequent or deep wading conditions will require more frequent servicing. Contact a Land Rover retailer for advice.
167 On-Road Driving On-Road Driving INSTRUMENTS AND WARNING LIGHTS . . . . . . 169 POWER ASSISTED STEERING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 WARMING UP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 VEHICLE HEIGHT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 DRIVING PRECAUTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 FUEL ECONOMY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 BREAKDOWN SAFETY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
On-Road Driving 169 On-Road Driving O n- Road Dr iv in gINSTRUMENTS AND WARNING LIGHTS Before driving it is important to fully understand the function of the instruments and warning lights (see ‘INSTRUMENT PANEL’, page 65). NOTE: Red warning lights are of particular importance, illumination indicating that a fault exists. If a red light illuminates, always stop the vehicle and seek qualified assistance before continuing. POWER ASSISTED STEERING The hydraulic power-assisted steering is progressively geared; when steering straight ahead gearing is relatively low, but becomes progressively higher as the steering wheel is turned. NOTE: Power assistance is dependent on the engine running. If the engine is not running, a much greater effort will be required to steer the vehicle. WARMING UP In the interests of fuel economy, it is advisable to drive the vehicle straight away, remembering that harsh acceleration or laboring the engine before the normal operating temperature has been reached can damage the engine. When the engine is cold, engine idle speeds will be faster than normal. Under these circumstances, use the foot brake to control the vehicle until the engine is warm and running at normal speed, and be aware of the need to take additional care when manoeuvring the vehicle. VEHICLE HEIGHT CAUTION: The overall height of your vehicle exceeds that of ordinary passenger cars (for convenience the height is shown on the underside of the sun visor). Always be aware of the height of your vehicle and check the available headroom before driving through low entrances. This is particularly important if the vehicle is fitted with a roof rack or if a sunroof is open.