Land Rover Discovery Owners Handbook Exp Rover

							Gearbox & transmission
84
TRANSFER GEARBOX
The second gearbox (known as the transfer
box) is used to select either the high or low
range of gears and, in addition, also controls
the central differential (known as the DIFF
LOCK).
High range (H)
The high range of gears should be used for all
normal road driving and also for off-road
driving across dry, level terrain.
Low range (L)
Use low range gears in any situation where
low speed manoeuvring is necessary, such as
reversing a trailer or negotiating a boulder
strewn river bed; also for more extreme
off-road conditions where progress in high
range cannot be maintained.
WARNING
DO NOT attempt to change to LOW range
gears for normal road driving.Diff lock central differential
Use the unlocked position for all normal
driving, and use the DIFF-LOCK position to
improve traction in extreme conditions where
wheel grip could be lost, such as: wet grass,
mud, sand, ice or snow. Return to the
unlocked position as soon as dry, firm,
ground is reached.
DO NOT use the diff lock unnecessarily!
USING THE TRANSFER GEARBOX
There are two ways of operating the transfer
gearbox lever; the normal method -
recommended for inexperienced drivers - and
the advanced method for experienced
drivers.
Normal method
Manual models:
With the vehicle stationary and the engine
running, depress the clutch and then move
the lever fully forward (or backwards) in TWO
distinct but positive moves - high to
neutral.... neutral to low (or vice versa).
If there is resistance to the gear engaging, do
not force the lever. Instead, with the main
lever in gear, release the clutch momentarily
and then try again.
Automatic models:
With the vehicle stationary and the engine
running, apply both foot brake and handbrake
and then move the automatic gearbox selector
to the N (neutral) position before moving the
transfer lever fully forward or backwards to
the required position. 
						

							Gearbox & transmission
85 Advanced method
Changing from high to low on the move:
With the vehicle slowing to a stop and
travelling NO FASTER THAN 5 km/h, depress
the clutch and push the transfer lever into
neutral. Just before the road wheels stop
turning (and with the clutch still depressed)
push the lever fully forward into L (low).
NOTE:
Use positive and confident moves, but
do not rush the gear change.
Changing from low to high on the move:
Changing from L (low) to H (high) can be
achieved without stopping the vehicle, as
follows:
1.Apply slight backward pressure to the
transfer gear lever in preparation for
changing.
2.Then, in three simultaneous moves,
depress the clutch, release the accelerator
and pull the transfer lever into neutral.
3.Release the clutch pedal for approximately
3 seconds before depressing it again and
moving the transfer lever firmly into the
high position.
4.Finally, select a suitable main gear, release
the clutch and continue driving in the
normal way.
NOTE:
After a little practice, this operation
can be carried out smoothly and quickly by
using firm, positive moves.
On automatic models, reduce (or increase) the
speed of the vehicle to 8 km/h and release the
accelerator. select N and move the transfer
lever quickly to the required H or L position.
Finally, reselect D with the main gear selector
and continue driving as normal.
THE DIFFERENTIAL LOCK
Unlike other four wheel drive vehicles, all Land
Rover products have permanent four wheel
drive. This is achieved by the inclusion of a
lockable differential between the front and rear
drive shafts. With the differential locked, the
drive shafts to front and rear axles are (in
effect) joined together, causing both to rotate
at the same speed. This is a normal feature
with all four wheel drive vehicles and
enhances traction on difficult off-road
surfaces. However, with the differential
unlocked the different running requirements
of the two axles can be accommodated,
thereby enabling Land Rover vehicles to
operate permanently in four wheel drive for
both normal AND off-road use. 
						

							Gearbox & transmission
86 Selecting diff lock
The diff lock can be engaged or disengaged
either with the vehicle stationary, or when
driving at any road speed. However, with the
vehicle in motion it is ESSENTIAL to be
travelling on firm ground, in a straight line,
and without wheel slip.
WARNING
DO NOT engage the diff lock if one or more
wheels are slipping - this could damage the
transmission. If wheels are slipping, ease
off the accelerator before engaging the diff
lock.
To lock the differential:
Move the transfer gear lever to the left - from
either H (high) or L (low) gearbox (the
warning light on the instrument panel will
illuminate).
To unlock the differential:
Move the transfer gear lever to the right - to
either H (high) or L (low) gearbox as
required; when the diff lock disengages the
warning light will extinguish.When to use the diff lock
As a general rule, the differential should only
be locked in order to drive off-road on loose
and slippery surfaces. ALWAYS unlock the
differential for normal road driving or as soon
as a hard grippy surface is reached whether
high or low gears are selected.
NOTE:
A valuable introduction to off-road
driving, which includes many useful
references to the transfer gearbox and diff
lock, is included in section 7 of the handbook.
WARNING
If the vehicle is driven on normal road
surfaces with the differential locked, the
steering will feel stiff, excessive tyre wear
will occur and the transmission will be
wound up putting excessive strain on the
transmission. 
						

							Gearbox & transmission
87
Diff lock warning light
The amber warning light on the instrument
panel illuminates when the diff lock is actually
engaged - rather than when it has been
selected. Similarly it will only extinguish when
the diff lock is actually disengaged. This
accounts for a slight delay between diff lock
deselection and the warning light
extinguishing, which is quite normal.
IMPORTANT INFORMATION
Transmission wind up
If the warning light is obviously reluctant
to extinguish after the diff lock has been
deselected, some transmission wind up
may be present.
Reversing the vehicle for a short distance
and then going forward will usually
unwind the transmission and extinguish
the light and the vehicle can then be
driven as normal. However, if after two or
three attempts to unwind the
transmission the light remains on,
consult your dealer AS SOON AS
POSSIBLE. 
						

							Brakes
88 FOOT BRAKE
As a safety precaution, the hydraulic braking
system operates through dual circuits. If one
circuit should fail, the other will continue to
function, but increased brake pedal travel and
longer stopping distances will be experienced.
Servo assistance
The braking system is servo assisted, but
ONLY when the engine is running. Without
this assistance greater braking effort is
necessary to safely control the vehicle,
resulting in longer stopping distances. Always
observe the following precautions:
·
NEVER allow the vehicle to freewheel with
the engine turned off.
·
ALWAYS take particular care when being
towed with the engine turned off.
·
If the engine should stop for any reason
while the vehicle is in motion, bring the
vehicle to a halt as quickly as traffic
conditions safely allow, and DO NOT pump
the brake pedal as the braking system may
lose any remaining assistance available.
Brake pads
Brake pads require a period of bedding in. For
the first 800 km, you should avoid situations
where heavy braking is required.
Remember! regular servicing is vital to ensure
that the brake pads are examined for wear and
changed periodically to ensure long term
safety and optimum performance.
WARNING
DO NOT rest your foot on the brake pedal
while travelling as this may overheat the
brakes, reduce their efficiency and cause
excessive wear.
NEVER move a vehicle with the starter
switch turned off because braking
assistance will not be available. The pedal
brakes will still function, but more pressure
will be required.
ALWAYS take particular care when being
towed with the engine turned off.
If the brake warning light should illuminate
while the vehicle is in motion, bring the
vehicle to a halt as quickly as traffic
conditions and safety permit and seek
qualified assistance before continuing.
DO NOT pump the brake pedal. If the brake
pedal is pumped the braking system may
lose any remaining assistance available.
Wet conditions
Driving through water or even very heavy rain
may adversely affect braking efficiency.
Always dry the braking surfaces by
intermittent light application of the brakes,
first ensuring that you are at a safe distance
from other road users. 
						

							Brakes
89 HANDBRAKE
Unlike most other vehicles, the handbrake
operates on the rear propeller shaft, and NOT
on the road wheels. This may result in slight
movement of the vehicle after the handbrake
is applied.
To engage the handbrake, depress the button
and pull the lever up.
To release, pull the lever up slightly, depress
the button and lower the lever.
Always apply the handbrake fully whenever
you park.
When parking on a slope, do not rely on the
handbrake alone to hold the vehicle. On
manual gearbox models, the vehicle should be
parked in a low forward gear when facing
uphill and in reverse gear when facing
downhill. For extra security on steep slopes,
move the transfer lever into low range and
engage the diff lock.
On automatic gearbox models, particularly
when low range is selected, ensure the
parking pawl of the gearbox has fully engaged
by carefully releasing the foot brake and
allowing the vehicle to rock into P (park).
WARNING
DO NOT apply the handbrake while the
vehicle is in motion as this could result in
loss of vehicle control and damage to the
transmission.
DO NOT rely on the handbrake to operate
effectively if the vehicle has been subjected
to immersion in mud and water (see
Off-road driving section).ANTI-LOCK BRAKES(if fitted)
The purpose of anti-lock braking (ABS) is to
allow efficient braking without wheel locking -
thereby allowing the driver to retain steering
control of the vehicle.
Under normal braking conditions, where
traction is good, the anti-lock braking system
will not be activated. However, if the braking
force should exceed the available adhesion
between the tyres and the road surface, then
one or more wheels will lock and the system
will automatically come into operation. This
will be recognisable by a rapid pulsation felt
through the brake pedal.
In normal road use, in an emergency situation
full braking effort should always be applied
even when the road surface is slippery. The
anti-lock braking system constantly monitors
the speed of each wheel and varies braking
pressure to ensure that none of the wheels
lock.
No matter how hard you brake, you should be
able to continue steering the vehicle as
NORMAL.
WARNING
The anti-lock braking system will NOT
compensate for poor road surfaces, or
driving errors. It will not overcome the
physical limitations of stopping in too short
a distance, cornering at high speed, or the
danger of aquaplaning.
Drivers still have a duty to drive carefully
and within normal safety margins, having
due consideration for the prevailing weather
and traffic conditions. 
						

							Brakes
90
Warning light
The anti-lock braking system
warning light illuminates when
the starter switch is turned to position II and
then extinguishes for half a second before
coming on again, it then remains illuminated
until the engine has started and the vehicle
reaches speeds in excess of approximately
7 km/h. If this does not occur, there is a fault
on the system and you should consult your
Land Rover dealer at the earliest opportunity.
If either this light, or the brake fluid warning
light, remains on or illuminates at any other
time whilst driving, there is a fault on the
system; in which case, on completion of your
journey seek advice from your dealer before
further vehicle use.
·
DO NOT pump the brake pedal at any time;
this will interrupt operation of the system
and may increase braking distance.
·
NEVER place additional floor matting or
any other obstruction under the brake
pedal. This restricts pedal travel and
therefore braking efficiency is impaired.Off-road driving
While anti-lock braking is designed to operate
equally effectively in off-road driving
conditions, on certain surfaces total reliance
on the system may be unwise - remember, in
normal circumstances, anti-lock braking
operates only AFTER the driver has already
lost control. It cannot reliably compensate for
driver error or inexperience on difficult
off-road surfaces.
Note the following:
·
On soft or deep surfaces such as powdery
snow, sand or gravel, and on extremely
rough ground, the braking distance
required by the anti-lock braking system
may be greater than for normal braking,
even though improved steering would be
experienced. This is because the natural
action of locked wheels on soft surfaces is
to build up a wedge of surface material in
front which assists the wheel to stop.
·
If the vehicle is stopped on a very steep
slope where little traction is available, it
may slide with the wheels locked because
there is no wheel rotation to signal
movement to the system. To counteract
this, briefly release the brakes to permit
some wheel movement, then re-apply the
brakes to allow the system to gain control
at a suitable speed.
·
Before driving off-road read and
thoroughly understand the Off-road
driving section of this handbook. 
						

							Cruise control
91
IMPORTANT INFORMATION
·
DO NOT use cruise control when
using low range transfer gears or
reverse gears.
·
DO NOT use cruise control on
winding or slippery road surfaces, or
in traffic conditions where a
constant speed cannot easily be
maintained.
·
DO NOT rest your foot under the
accelerator pedal while cruise
control is engaged - your foot could
be trapped.
·
ALWAYS switch off the master
switch when you no longer intend to
use cruise control.
CRUISE CONTROL(if fitted)
Cruise control enables the driver to maintain a
constant road speed without using the
accelerator pedal. This is particularly useful
for motorway cruising or for any journey
where a constant speed can be maintained for
a lengthy period.
The cruise control system has three switches;
a master switch on the fascia panel and two
control switches marked SET + and RES -
mounted on the steering column or wheel.
To operate
1.Press the master switch on the fascia
panel (arrowed in illustration) the switch
symbol glows whenever the switch is
pressed to the on position.
2.Accelerate until the desired cruising speed
is reached. This must be above the
systems operational minimum speed of
45 km/h.
3.Press the SET + switch to set the vehicle
speed in the systems memory. Cruise
control will now maintain that road speed
without the need for operation of the
accelerator pedal.
With cruise control operating, speed can be
increased temporarily, e.g. for overtaking, by
normal use of the accelerator. When the
accelerator is released, road speed will return
to the selected cruising speed.
To reduce the cruising speed:
Press the RES - switch, or use the brakes to
slow the vehicle, until the required speed has
been reached. Then press the SET + switch
to establish the new cruising speed
(remember that cruise control will not operate
at speeds below 45 km/h. 
						

							Cruise control
92 To increase the set cruising speed:
Press and hold the SET + switch - the vehicle
will accelerate automatically. Release the
switch as soon as the desired speed has been
reached.
Alternatively, the set speed can be increased
incrementally by tapping the SET + switch.
For each five taps the speed will increase by 8
km/h.
Disengaging cruise control
The cruise control will automatically
disengage if the brake or clutch pedals are
pressed, or when the gear lever is moved into
neutral (selector position N for automatic
gearbox).
To re-engage cruise control at the previously
set speed, press the RES - switch.
NOTE:
The speed held in the cruise control
memory will be cancelled when either the
cruise control master switch or the starter
switch is turned off.Diesel engine vehicles
On diesel engine vehicles fitted with automatic
transmission, some fluctuation of road speed
may be experienced when cruise control is in
operation at engine speeds below 1600
rev/min. In these circumstances, move the
gear selector lever to position 3 to limit
automatic gear changing to the first, second
and third ratios. 
						

							Towing & load carrying
93
TOWING
The torque ranges of Land Rover engines
allow maximum-weight loads to be pulled
smoothly from standstill, and reduce gear
changing on hills or rough terrain. A smooth
start will be achieved with trailers over 2000
kg by moving off in low range then changing
to high range while on the move.
The suspension is designed to cope with a
heavy trailer load without upsetting the
balance or feel of the vehicle. Details of gross
maximum trailer weights are listed on the
following page.WARNING
Only fit towing accessories that have been
designed and approved by Land Rover.
Ensure that the gross vehicle weight and
maximum rear axle weight are not
exceeded.When preparing your vehicle for towing, pay
careful attention to the trailer manufacturers
recommendations and also follow the
guidelines below:
·
Ensure that the towing vehicle tyre
pressures are correct and that the trailer
tyre pressures are as recommended by the
trailer manufacturer.
·
With the trailer and vehicle unladen,
balance the combination so that the trailer
draw-bar and the hitch point on the vehicle
are at the same height. Adjust the height
of the hitch point if necessary.
·
Check the operation of trailer brakes and
lights.
·
For maximum stability, ensure that loads
are properly secured and unable to shift
position during transit. Also, position
loads so that most of the weight is placed
close to the floor and, where possible,
immediately above or close to the trailer
axle(s).
·
After loading the trailer check that the
weight on the hitch point (this is called the
draw-bar loading weight, or nose weight),
is in accordance with the manufacturers
recommendations.
·
When calculating the laden weight of the
trailer, remember to include the weight of
the trailer PLUS THE LOAD.