Land Rover Defender Electrical Library Elld970e Rover Manual

							DESCRIPTIONANDOPERATION
DEFENDER 97MY 4.1
ENGINE
IMMOBILISATION ANDALARM SYSTEM (IFFITTED)
DESCRIPTION Although akey isused inthe normal waytolock andunlock thevehicle, this
will not fully armtheengine immobilisation/alarm system.Thesystem isfully
armed withanRF handset, whichtransmits arolling code.Thiscode is
received bythe alarm ECU.Ifa door isopened withoutthealarm ECU
receiving thecorrect signalfromthehandset, thealarm willsound.
The alarm ECUalsoinforms theengine immobilisation ECUifan incorrect
signal isreceived. Inthis case, theimmobilisation ECUwould failtoprovide a
feed tothe starter relay,immobilising theengine.
Passive immobilisation (iffitted) isalso afeature, withapassive coilfitted
around theignition barrel.Thiswillactivate 30seconds aftertheignition is
turned offand thedrivers doorisopened. Alternatively, passiveimmobilisation
will occur 5minutes afterthevehicle isunlocked, orthe ignition isturned off.
When attempting torestart thevehicle, passive immobilisation canbeswitched
off using either theRFhandset orthe EKA code.
The EKA code isentered bythe following process;
1. With thedrivers doorclosed, insertthekey into theignition switch,turnto
position IIand hold inthis position for5seconds. Thenswitch off.
2. Turn theignition switchtoposition IIthe required numberoftimes to
enter thefirst digit ofthe code (ifthe first digit is4, turn thekey toposition
II and then back to0 four times).
3. Open thedrivers door(toenter thefirst digit) andthen close thedoor
again.
4. Turn thestarter switchtoposition IIand back to0 the required number
of times toenter theSECOND digitofthe code.
5. Open thedrivers door(toenter thesecond digit)andthen close thedoor
again.
6. Turn thestarter switchtoposition IIand back to0 the required number
of times toenter theTHIRD digitofthe code.
7. Open thedrivers door(toenter thethird digit) andthen close thedoor
again.
8. Turn thestarter switchtoposition IIand back to0 the required number
of times toenter theFOURTH digitofthe code. 
						

							DESCRIPTIONANDOPERATION
4.2 DEFENDER97MY
9.
Finally, OPENandCLOSE thedrivers door.Ifthe code hasbeen entered
correctly, theanti-theft indicatorlampwillextinguish andtheengine can
be started.
NOTE: Ifthe vehicle hasbeen previously armed,andthehandset is
inoperative, thealarm willsound throughout theEKA entering
process.
OPERATION Feed fromthepositive batteryterminal isconnected tothe engine compartment
fuse box(C632-1) byabrown wire.Current flowsthrough fusiblelink1and
fusible link2ofthe engine compartment fusebox,which areconnected in
parallel. Fusiblelink1(C907-1) suppliesaconstant batteryfeedto;
TheBBUS (C666-2) onablack wire,Fuse21(C965-1) onabrown wire,Pin86(C964-30) ofthe alarm sounder relayonabrown wire,Pin30(C964-30) ofthe alarm sounder relayonabrown wire,Theanti-theft alarmLED(C240-2) onabrown wire.
Fusible link2(C907-2) suppliesafeed to;
Theignition switch(C028-1) onabrown wire,Thestarter relay(C151-87) onabrown wire,Fuse1(C580-1) ofthe passenger compartment fuseboxonabrown wire,Fuse2(C580-3) ofthe passenger compartment fuseboxonabrown wire.
ALARMFuse 21(C965-2) suppliesaconstant batteryfeedtothe alarm ECU(C061-25)
on abrown wire.Thealarm ECUissupplied apermanent earth(C057-11) bya
black wire.Thealarm ECU(C057-8) alsoreceives aconstant batteryfeedfrom
fuse 1ofthe passenger compartment fusebox(C580-2) onapurple wire.This
feed isthen used topower thehazard warning lamps(C057-1 &C057-6).
When thevehicle alarmhasbeen armed, thealarm ECUreceives anumber of
inputs. TheRHdoor switch (C054-1) isconnected tothe alarm ECU(C061-5)
by aslate/white wire.When thedoor isclosed, theswitch isopen. Inthis
condition, thealarm ECU(C057-5) suppliestheBBUS (C666-3) withbattery
voltage. Whenthedoor isopened, thedoor switch closes, providing ashort to
earth. Thealarm ECUresponds bysupplying theBBUS withareduced
voltage. Sensing thisdrop involtage, theBBUS sounds. 
						

							DESCRIPTIONANDOPERATION
DEFENDER 97MY 4.3
The
same principle istrue ofthe LHdoor switch andthebonnet switch.TheLH
door switch (C033-1) isconnected tothe alarm ECU(C061-16) bya
purple/blue wire,andthebonnet switch(C007-2) isconnected tothe alarm
ECU (C061-9) byaorange/blue wire.Thebonnet switchisearthed (C007-1) on
a black wire.Bothinteract withtheBBUS inexactly thesame wayasthe RH
door switch.
In addition tobeing supplied withaconstant batteryfeed(C666-2), theBBUS
also hasitsown internal powersupply, andisearthed (C666-4) onablack
wire. The alarm ECU(C061-20) alsoprovides afeed forthe ultrasonic modules
(C359-1 &C889-1) onblack/brown wires.Themodules areearthed (C359-2 &
C889-2) onblack wires. When themodules detectmovement, theysupply the
alarm ECU(C061-3) withashort series ofpulses onawhite/black wire.Once
the alarm ECUdetects thesepulses, theBBUS isagain sounded.
To disarm thealarm system, theRFhandset isused. Thesignal transmitted by
the handset isreceived bythe aerial. Theaerial isconnected tothe alarm ECU
(C061-26) byan orange/slate wire.
The anti-theft alarmLEDisused asavisual deterrent andisconnected tothe
alarm ECU(C057-4) byapink wire. Toilluminate theLED, thealarm ECU
provides apath toearth (C057-11). Toextinguish theLED, theECU provides it
(C240-1) withavoltage equaltothat provided byfusible link1.As the potential
difference acrosstheLED isnow 0volts, theLED isextinguished. Inthis way,
the ECU cancontrol theflashing sequence ofthe LED.
The alarm ECUalsocontrols theinterior lamps.TheECU (C061-1) providesa
feed tothe interior lampunit(C357-1) onapurple/white wire.Thisinforms the
lamp unittoextinguish theinterior lamps.Whentheinterior lampunitreceives
a reduced feedfrom thealarm ECU,itilluminates theinterior lamps.
The alarm andimmobilisation systemscanbeinterrogated throughthe
diagnostic socket(C040-8), whichisconnected tothe alarm ECU(C061-17) by
an orange/light greenwire. 
						

							DESCRIPTIONANDOPERATION
4.4 DEFENDER97MY
IMMOBILISATION With
theignition switchinposition II,power flowsacross theswitch (C094-1)
and supplies afeed tofuse 20ofthe passenger compartment fusebox
(C580-39) onawhite wire,andtothe engine immobilisation ECU(C868-8 &
C863-5) onablack wire.
The immobilisation ECUisprovided withapermanent earth(C863-1) ona
black wire.
Fuse 20ofthe passenger compartment fusebox(C580-40) isconnected tothe
alarm ECU(C061-10) byagreen wire,theengine immobilisation warninglamp
(C961-1) onagreen wire,andtheBBUS (C666-1) onablack wire.The
warning lampandtheBBUS areconnected toparallel.
The engine immobilisation warninglamp(C962-1) isconnected tothe alarm
ECU (C057-9) byan orange wire.Toilluminate thelamp, theECU provides an
earth (C057-11). Toextinguish thelamp, theECU provides afeed equal tothat
provided byfuse 20.Asthe potential difference acrossthelamp isnow 0volts,
the lamp isextinguished. Inthis way, thealarm ECUcancontrol theflashing
sequence ofthe lamp.
The alarm ECU(C061-14) isconnected tothe immobilisation ECU(C863-9) by
a black wire.Thealarm ECUwillinform theimmobilisation ECUthatthealarm
system isarmed.
When theignition switchisturned tothe crank position (C090-1), powerflows
across theswitch tothe starter relay(C151-85) onawhite/red wire.Withthe
engine immobilised, thealarm ECU(C057-10) providesafeed equal tothe
ignition feedtothe starter relay(C151-86) onablack/orange wire.Asthe
potential difference acrosstherelay coilis0volts, therelay failstoenergise.
If the engine ismobilised, thealarm ECUwithdraws thisfeed andprovides an
earth pathforthe relay. Thisenergises therelay andallows theignition feed
from fusible link2ofthe engine compartment fuseboxtoflow across therelay
(C151-87 &C151-30) andonto theimmobilisation ECU(C863-6) ona
brown/red wire.When theimmobilisation ECUreceives aninput fromthe
starter relay,itin turn provides afeed tothe starter motorsolenoid (C179-1) on
a black wire.Theengine willnow start. 
						

							DESCRIPTIONANDOPERATION
DEFENDER 97MY 4.5
The
immobilisation ECUalsocontrols thefuel cut-off solenoid (C198-1), which
is connected (C863-4)byablack wire.Theimmobilisation ECUfailstoprovide
the solenoid afeed ifthe vehicle hasbeen immobilised.
In addition tothe features directlycontrolled bythe immobilisation ECU,a
passive coilisfitted around theignition barrel.Thisisauser friendly wayof
re-mobilising theengine. Thepassive coil(C663-1) receivesapower supply
from thealarm ECU(C057-7) onanorange/green wire.
The passive coilisonly energised whentheignition switchisin position IIand
the engine isin an immobilised state.Thecoilcreates amagnetic fieldthat
excites acoil inthe RFhandset. Thiscauses thehandset totransmit acode to
the alarm ECUtomobilise theengine.
NOTE: Forthepassive coiltooperate correctly, theignition key
and theRFhandset mustbeon the same keyring.
NOTE: Passive immobilisation isnot fitted inall markets. Check
vehicle specification. 
						

							DESCRIPTIONANDOPERATION
4.6 DEFENDER97MY
CHARGING
ANDSTARTING -DIESEL
DESCRIPTION The charging systemconsists ofan alternator containing arectifier packand
regulator tomaintain aconstant directcurrent (dc)voltage inthe system. The
alternator isbelt driven fromthecrankshaft andcooled byafan mounted
behind thepulley. Thealternator hasafixed coilwound statorinwhich afield
coil rotor rotates. Sliprings conduct currenttoand from thefield coils via2
carbon brushes. Theregulator sensesoutputvoltage andcontrols thisto
approximately 14volts.
CHARGING -OPERATION
Feed fromthepositive batteryterminal isconnected tothe engine compartment
fuse box(C632-1) byabrown wire.Current passesthrough fusiblelink2and
fusible link3,which areconnected inparallel. Fusiblelink2(C907-2) is
connected tothe ignition switch(C028-1) byabrown wire.Withtheignition
switch inposition II(C094-1), afeed issupplied tothe ignition/no charge
warning lamp(C230-5) onawhite wire.
The warning lamp(C230-5) isearthed viathe diode (C118-1) ona
yellow/brown wireandthrough thealternator fieldwindings (C185-1) ona
brown/yellow wire.Theflow ofcurrent through thewarning lampsandfield
windings partiallymagnetises therotor. Aresistor (C037-1 &C038-1) iswired
in parallel withthewarning lampstoensure continued excitervoltage inthe
event ofbulb failure.
When theengine starts,themagnetised rotorrotates withinthestator windings,
generating a3phase alternating current(ac)andvoltage whichrisesrapidly
with rotor speed. Thefield diodes convert theaccurrent todirect current (dc)
and thegenerated voltageisfed back tothe field windings. Asthe feed back
voltage increases, themagnetic influenceofthe rotor alsoincreases, resulting
in self-excitation ofthe rotor. Generated currentandvoltage increases with
rotor speed untilthealternator isfully excited. 
						

							DESCRIPTIONANDOPERATION
DEFENDER 97MY 4.7
When
thealternator outputsavoltage equaltothat supplied bythe battery, the
warning lampisextinguished asthe potential difference acrossthelamp is0
volts. Thediode between thealternator andwarning lampprevents reverse
flow. The regulator functions asan electronic controlswitchonthe earth sideofthe
field coils. Theregulator rapidlyswitches theearth circuit offand ontocontrol
the generated voltageandcurrent tosafe limits.
If the battery isin alow state ofcharge orcurrent drawfromtheelectrical
system ishigh andcauses avoltage drop,thealternator chargesatits
maximum rateuntil 14volts isgenerated. Asbattery voltage rises,the
generator currentoutputreduces.
STARTING -OPERATION
Feed fromthepositive batteryterminal isconnected tothe engine compartment
fuse box(C632-1) byabrown wire.Current passesthrough fusiblelink2and
fusible link3,which areconnected inparallel. Fusiblelink2(C907-2) is
connected tothe ignition switch(C028-1) byabrown wire.
When theignition switchisturned tothe crank position, powerflowsacross
the switch (C090-1) tothe starter relaycoil(C151-85) onawhite/red wire.
Current thenflows fromthestarter relay(C151-86) tothe alarm ECU(C057-10)
on ablack/orange wire.Assuming thealarm ECUhasreceived thecorrect
code fromtheRFhandset, itwill complete thepath toearth (C057-11) ona
black wireandenergize thestarter relay.
Power fromfusible link2(C907-2) cannow flowacross thestarter relayswitch
and onto theengine immobilisation ECU(C863-6). Again,assuming thealarm
ECU hasreceived thecorrect codefromtheRFhandset, itwill inform the
engine immobilisation ECU(C863-10) toprovide afeed tothe starter motor
solenoid (C179-1) onablack wire.Thisfeed willenergize thesolenoid,
allowing apositive feedfrom thebattery toflow across thesolenoid (C178-1)
and power thestarter motor.Anearth isprovided bythe starter motor. 
						

							DESCRIPTIONANDOPERATION
4.8 DEFENDER97MY
Glow Plugs
Glowplugs arefitted tothe TDi engine toassist starting. Aconstant batteryfeed
is supplied byfusible link3(C907-3) tothe glow plugtimer (C189-5) ona
brown wire.When theignition switchisturned toposition II,asecond feedis
supplied tothe glow plugtimer (C189-3). Thistriggers afeed (C189-6) tothe
glow plugs.
With theignition switchinposition II,theglow plugwarning lamp(C230-4) is
provided afeed viafuse 17(C580-33) ofthe passenger compartment fusebox
on awhite wire.Thewarning lamp(C233-10) isconnected tothe glow plug
timer (C189-2) byayellow/black wire.
When theglow plugtimer provides afeed forthe glow plugs (C189-6), it
simultaneously providesanearth path(C189-4) forthe warning lamp.Aftera
set period, feedtothe glow plugs, andtheearth pathforthe warning lampare
cut; extinguishing thewarning lamp. 
						

							DESCRIPTIONANDOPERATION
DEFENDER 97MY 4.9
CHARGING
ANDSTARTING -V 8
DESCRIPTION The charging systemconsists ofan alternator containing arectifier packand
regulator tomaintain aconstant directcurrent (dc)voltage inthe system. The
alternator isbelt driven fromthecrankshaft andcooled byafan mounted
behind thepulley. Thealternator hasafixed coilwound statorinwhich afield
coil rotor rotates. Sliprings conduct currenttoand from thefield coils via2
carbon brushes. Theregulator sensesoutputvoltage andcontrols thisto
approximately 14volts.
CHARGING -OPERATION
Feed fromthepositive batteryterminal isconnected tofusible link2(C632-1)
of the engine compartment fuseboxbyabrown wire.Fusible link2(C907-2)
supplies afeed tothe ignition switch(C28-1) onabrown wireandthestarter
relay (C151-87), alsoonabrown wire.
With theignition switchinposition II(C094-1), afeed issupplied tothe
ignition coil(C156-1) andtheignition amplifier module(C633-3) onwhite wires.
The ignition switchalsoprovides afeed tothe ignition/no chargewarning lamp
(C230-4) onawhite wire.Thewarning lampisearthed (C230-5) viathe diode
(C118-1) onayellow/brown wireandthrough thealternator fieldwindings
(C185- 1)on abrown/yellow wire.Theflow ofcurrent through thewarning lamp
and field windings partiallymagnetises therotor. Aresistor (C038-1 &C037-1)
is wired inparallel withthewarning lamptoensure continued excitervoltage in
the event ofbulb failure.
When theengine starts,themagnetised rotorrotates withinthestator windings,
generating a3phase alternating current(a.c.)andvoltage whichrisesrapidly
with rotor speed. Thefield diodes convert thea.c. current todirect current (d.c.)
and thegenerated voltageisfed back tothe field windings. Asthe feed back
voltage increases, themagnetic influenceofthe rotor alsoincreases, resulting
in self-excitation ofthe rotor. Generated currentandvoltage increases with
rotor speed untilthealternator isfully excited. 
						

							DESCRIPTIONANDOPERATION
4.10 DEFENDER97MY
When
thealternator outputsavoltage equaltothat supplied bythe battery, the
warning lampisextinguished asthe potential difference acrossthelamp is0
volts. Thediode between thealternator andwarning lampprevents reverse
flow. The regulator functions asan electronic controlswitchonthe earth sideofthe
field coils. Theregulator rapidlyswitches theearth circuit offand ontocontrol
the generated voltageandcurrent tosafe limits.
If the battery isin alow state ofcharge orcurrent drawfromtheelectrical
system ishigh andcauses avoltage drop,thealternator chargesatits
maximum rateuntil 14volts isgenerated. Asbattery voltage rises,the
generator currentoutputreduces.
STARTING -OPERATION
Feed fromthepositive batteryterminal isconnected tothe engine compartment
fuse box(C632-1) byabrown wire.Fusible link2(C907-2) thenprovides a
constant batteryfeedtothe ignition switch(C028-1) andthestarter relay
(C151-87). Bothareconnected bybrown wires.
FuelSupply
Withtheignition switchinposition II(C094-1), afeed issupplied tothe fuel
pump relay(C298-85) onawhite wire.Therelay isconnected (C298-86)ona
white/brown wiretothe oilpressure switch(C187-1). Whentheengine isnot
turning over,there isno oilpressure. Inthis condition, theoilpressure switchis
in the closed position. Thisprovides anearth pathandenergises thefuel
pump relay.
The ignition switch(C094-1) alsoprovides afeed topin 87A ofthe fuel pump
relay (C298-87A) onawhite wire.Withtheoilpressure switchinthe closed
position, theenergised fuelpump relayisunable toprovide afeed tothe fuel
pump (C115-2)