Kyocera FS 1028DP User Manual

							Path Mode Graphics
2-29
!R! RES; UNIT C; NEWP; SPD .1;FLAT 60;
PMZP 5, 5;
PCRP 4, 2, 5, 4, 4, 0;
STRK;
PAGE;
EXIT; 
Figure 2. 30.  Curve with Flatness 60   
Both of these programs draw an  identical curve. The only difference between the two is 
in the flatness, which is specified on line 2. 
Closed Paths 
When the end point of a path connects to its starting point, the path is said to be  closed. A 
closed path can be stroked, in the same manner  as an open path, or it can be filled with 
gray-scale shading or a standard mode fill pattern. 
Simply ending a path at the path’s starting po int does not make it a closed path; such a 
path remains open until it is closed. Closure can be done either explicitly, by means of 
the CLSP (CLoSe current Path) command, or  implicitly by means of the FILL command. 
The following example illustrates construction and closure of a path. 
!R! RES; UNIT C; NEWP; SPD .5; PMZP 4, 2;
PARC 3, 3, 1, 90, 270;
PARC 5, 3, 1, 270, 90;
CLSP;
STRK;
PAGE;
EXIT; 
In this example, the PMZP co mmand on line 2 places the curren t cursor at coordinates 4, 
2, where the subsequent PARC command automati cally starts to draw a line extending to 
the beginning of the arc. The PARC comma nd then draws an arc from 90 degrees 
(straight up) to 270 degrees (straight down) around the center at coordinates 3, 3. After 
the arc is drawn, the cursor is located at  the end of the arc. Then the PARC command on 
line 4 draws an arc from 270 degrees to 90 degrees around the center at coordinates 5, 3. 
Because the cursor position is defined at the  end of the first arc when construction of the 
second arc starts, the second  PARC command draws a line between the end of the first 
arc and the beginning of the second one. Fi nally, the CLSP command on line 5 explicitly 
closes the path, thereby constructing a line  between the end of the second arc and the 
beginning of the first one. 
Now the path has been closed. The STRK co mmand goes on to stroke the path, produc-
ing the shape shown below. 
Downloaded From ManualsPrinter.com Manuals 
						

							Chapter 2 Graphics Tutorial
2-30
Figure 2. 31.  A Closed Path   
Filled Areas 
!R! RES; UNIT C;NEWP;
GPAT .5;
PMZP 4, 2;
PARC 3, 3, 1, 90, 270;
PARC 5, 3, 1, 270, 90;
FILL 1;
PAGE;
EXIT; 
This program is similar to the previous one.  In this case, we choose to fill the path 
instead of stroking it. We select a shade of  gray for filling the path (.5, a value directly 
between black and white) with the GPAT  (set Gray PATtern) command on line 3. 
First, we construct the path by drawing arcs around the center points. However, we will 
not close it explicitly. 
Then we execute the FILL comm and. This implicitly closes the path, drawing a line 
between the ending point of th e second arc and the starting point of the first one, then 
fills the closed path with the  selected gray scale pattern. 
Note that we could have filled the path with a standard mode fill pattern instead of a 
gray-scale pattern. The only  change necessary would be to replace the GPAT command 
on line 3 with a PAT or FPAT command  specifying the pattern to be used. 
The format of the  FILL command is 
FILL rule ; 
The  rule parameter specifies the convention according to which the path is filled. 
Downloaded From ManualsPrinter.com Manuals 
						

							Path Mode Graphics
2-31
With simple convex paths such as that shown below, the entire enclosed area is filled. 
Figure 2. 32.  Simple Filled Paths   
However, when a path consists of multiple cl osed subpaths or intersects itself as shown 
in the next two figures, the rule determines  areas that are deemed to be inside the path. 
!R! RES; UNIT C; PMZP 5, 5;
PMRA 5, 5, 2, 0;
PARC 5, 5, 2, 0, 360;
PMRA 5.2, 5.2, 1.5, 0;
PARC 5.2, 5.2, 1.5, 0, 360;
PMRA 5.5, 5.5, 1, 0;
PARC 5.5, 5.5, 1, 0, 360;
FILL 1;
PMZP 10.5, 4.5;
PMRA 10.5, 4.5, 2, 0;
PARC 10.5, 4.5, 2, 0, 360;
PMRA 11, 6, 2, 0;
PARC 11, 6, 2, 0, 360;
PMRA 12, 5, 2, 0;
PARC 12, 5, 2, 0, 360;
FILL 1;
PAGE;
EXIT; 
Figure 2. 33.  Complex Filled Paths   
Downloaded From ManualsPrinter.com Manuals 
						

							Chapter 2 Graphics Tutorial
2-32
With 1 specified for the rule parameter of FILL, the method for determining whether a 
point is inside the path involves drawing a ray from that point in any direction and count-
ing the number of times the ray crosses segments of the path. The point is said to be 
inside the path if the result is an odd number; if the result is an even number, the point is 
said to be outside the path. 
The non-zero winding rule also draws a ray from a point in any direction to determine 
whether or not that point is inside the path  and examines the points where a segment of 
the path crosses the ray. However, it then  starts counting from zero and adds one each 
time a segment in the path crosses the ray from  left to right; and subtracts one each time 
a segment in the path crosses the ray from right to left. If the result of counting all the 
crossings is zero, the point is said to be outside; otherwise the point is said to be inside 
the path.
After filling the current path, the FILL comm and clears the path in the same manner as 
NEWP. 
Clipping Rectangle 
Up to this point, we have discussed graphics objects to be drawn or stroked or filled as 
paths. However, another PRESCRIBE command can be used to define a clipping tem-
plate for clipping texts, paths, and raster  graphics. For this purpose, the CLPR (CLiP 
Rectangular region) command is provided to  define the rectangular region for clipping 
paths. 
When the printing system is turned on or  reset with PRESCRIBE’s RES command, the 
clipping rectangle is identical to the printabl e limits of the page. Subsequently, executing 
the CLPR command reduces the  clipping rectangle to the intersection of the objects on 
the page and the rectangle defined by CLPR. 
The following is an  example of CLPR. 
!R! RES; UNIT C; NEWP;
SPD 1;
PMRA 6, 9, 3, 0;
PARC 6, 9, 3, 0, 360;
CLPR 3, 6, 9, 12;
STRK;
EXIT; 
In this example, lines 1 through 5 draw a circ le with an extra line thickness at the coordi-
nates defined by the PMRA command. 
The CLPR command on line 6 constructs a r ectangle with its left-upper corner posi-
tioned at coordinates 3, 6 and its right-bo ttom corner positioned at coordinates 9, 12 
(both measured from the top and left edge limits of the page). 
As with the rectangular area clipping, those parts of the circle that lie outside of the clip-
ping rectangle are erased when the path is st roked, producing the result as shown in the 
figure on the next page. 
The rectangle defined by CLPR does not clip  the graphics objects which are drawn by 
the standard mode graphics commands. 
Downloaded From ManualsPrinter.com Manuals 
						

							Path Mode Graphics
2-33
Figure 2. 34.  Clipping Rectangle Example   
Printing with Character Paths 
When a resident scalable (outline) font is selected, you can treat a character as a path and 
add it to the current path. The PRESCRI BE command is CPTH (Character PaTH). 
Paths created with the CPTH command can be ei ther stroked or filled. See the following 
example. 
!R! RES; UNIT P;
NEWP;
PAT 26;
SFNT ’Helvetica-Bd’, 54;
PMZP 72, 144;
CPTH xyz;
FILL 1;
PAGE;
EXIT; 
Figure 2. 35.  Character Path   
Line 2 of this program sets the unit to printing system’s points (1 point=  1
/72  inch), then 
the NEWP command on line 3 empties the cu rrent path (if any), making ready for con-
struction of a new path. The PAT command on  line 4 selects predefined pattern number 
26 as the current fill pattern. 
Downloaded From ManualsPrinter.com Manuals 
						

							Chapter 2 Graphics Tutorial
2-34
Next, the SFNT (Select current FoNT by typeface) on line 5 selects Helvetica Bold, a 
scalable (outline) font as the  current font and scales the font  to a height of 54 points. Use 
of SFNT and other font selection commands are explained more fully in  PRESCRIBE 
Commands Command Reference .
The PMZP command on line 6 moves the cursor  to the point that is 72 points (1 inch) 
from the left edge limit and 2 inches from the top edge limit. 
The CPTH command on line 7 constructs a path using the outline of the characters in the 
string  xyz. The cursor is moved to the end of the string. 
Finally, the FILL command fills the path with the selected pattern, and PAGE prints out 
the page. 
Raster Graphics 
While the graphics commands of the standard and path modes draw shapes such as lines, 
circles, and boxes, raster graphics commands  specify individual dots to draw images. 
The dot resolution is selectable from 75 to 300 dots per inch for all models; and 600-dpi 
models have two more choices of 200 dpi and 600 dpi. Lower resolutions give a rougher 
appearance, but require less raster da ta for an image of a given size. 
Raster graphics are limited in size only by th e dimensions of the paper, and in complex-
ity only by the dot resolution. 
Raster Data Compression Formats 
PRESCRIBE supports rast er data in three formats: uncompressed raster data, run-length 
encoded raster data, or raster data encoded in tagged image file format (TIFF). 
Uncompressed Raster Data 
Uncompressed raster data consists of a simple, unencoded bit image consisting of binary 
data in which  1 bit represent black dots and  0 bit represent white dots. With this format, 
each dot line is divided into  8-dot segments. The settings  of dots in each segment are 
controlled by the bit values of each byte of ra ster data. Bit 7 (the highest-order bit in the 
first byte of data received) corr esponds to the first dot in the dot line, bit 0 corresponds to 
the eighth dot, and so forth. 
Run-length Encoded Raster Data 
With run-length encoding, raster data is enco ded in pairs of bytes. The first byte of each 
pair indicates a repetition count for the second  byte. A value of zero in the first byte indi-
cates that the pattern represented in second by te is not repeated; that is, it occurs only 
once. A value of 1 in the first byte indicates  that the pattern is repeated once, and so 
forth. The first byte can specify any repetition count from 0 to 255. 
Raster Data in Tagg ed Image File Format 
The tagged image file format  (TIFF) combines features of the uncompressed format and 
run-length encoding. A  control byte determines whether the following byte or bytes of 
Downloaded From ManualsPrinter.com Manuals 
						

							Raster Graphics
2-35
raster data represents a repeating pattern or an uncompressed (unencoded) pattern. It also 
determines the number of pattern repetitions or bytes of uncompressed data. 
The control byte is a two’s complement value that can be either zer o, positive, or nega-
tive. A negative value (-1 to -127) indicates  that the following byte represents a repeating 
pattern. The number of repetitions of the pattern is determined by the absolute value of 
the control byte. 
If the control byte is zero or positive (1 to  127), the following byte(s) of data represent an 
uncompressed pattern. In this case, the value  of the control byte plus one indicates the 
number of bytes making up the pattern. 
In TIFF encoding, the two’s complement va lue -128 indicates a non-operative control 
byte. The byte following such a byte is handled as a new control byte. 
Commands for Printing Raster Data 
PRESCRIBE provides a number of commands  for printing raster data, including: 
• STR (SeT dot Resolution) 
• RVRD (ReceiVe Raster Data)
• ENDR (END Raster data) 
• RVCD (ReceiVe Compressed raster Data) 
• SRO (Set Raster Options) 
The principle function of the SR O command is to specify the presentation mode; i.e., the 
orientation of the raster image.  If the presentation mode is 0 (the default mode), raster 
lines print along the width of the physical page, regardless of the current page orienta-
tion. If the presentation mode is 1, raster lines print in the orientation of the logical page. 
This is illustrated in the figure that follows. 
Downloaded From ManualsPrinter.com Manuals 
						

							Chapter 2 Graphics Tutorial
2-36
Figure 2. 36.  Presentation Modes 
A secondary function of the SRO command specifies the width and height of the raster 
area. When a width and height  are explicitly specified, any part  of the raster image that 
extends outside of the area is clipped. 
The STR command specifies the  resolution at which raster data is printed. The default 
resolution is 75 dots per inch,  or the equivalent of 16 physical dots for each raster-line 
dot. The following figure shows how a single raster-line dot correlates to physical dots at 
each of the available raster data resolutions. 
Figure 2. 37.  Dot Resolutions
 
The RVRD and RVCD commands print raster da ta in the presentation mode specified by 
the SRO command and at the resolution sp ecified by the STR command. Either com-
mand can be used. The RVRD  command can only print uncompressed raster data. The 
RVCD command can print uncomp ressed raster data, run-length encoded raster data, or 
YX
Current point
Width
Height
Landscape
Portrait
Y X
Current point Width
Height
Portrait
Current pointWidth
Height
X
YX
Y Height Current point
Width
Landscape 
Presentation mode = 0
Presentation mode = 1
75 dpi resolution
(Default) 100 dpi resolution
150 dpi resolution
200 dpi resolution 300 dpi resolution
600 dpi resolution
1200 dpi resolution
Downloaded From ManualsPrinter.com Manuals 
						

							Raster Graphics
2-37
tagged image file format raster data. Both commands  are used with the ENDR (END 
Raster) command. 
Printing Raster Data 
The normal sequence for printing raster data  is to set the presentation mode (and, if 
desired, the height and width of the raster  image area) with the SRO command, to set the 
dot resolution with the STR command, then to print the raster data with the RVRD or 
RVCD/ENDR command pair. 
Changing the Printing S ystem’s Imaging Model 
The printing system’s imaging model governs  the way in which images and patterns are 
applied to each other. In short,  it determines the transparency  or opaqueness of images as 
images overlay one another and fill  patterns are applied through images. 
The image model applies to all PRESCRIBE im age modes, and also to operation in the 
Hewlett-Packard LaserJ et emulation mode. 
In general, placing any image on a page involves three elements:  a pattern, a source 
image  whose black bits are replaced by the pattern, and  a destination image, which is 
any earlier image onto which the source image and pattern are placed. 
The fill pattern or gray scal e pattern is defined by the PAT  command, FPAT command, or 
GPAT command. 
The source image is any raster  graphics image, standard mode  graphic, lines or shapes 
produced by filling or stroking a path, or text printed using any bitmap or scalable font. 
The manner in which white bits in the patte rn and source image are processed varies 
according to the  transparency mode . There are two transparency modes: the  source 
transparency mode  and the pattern transparency mode . 
When the source transparency mode is  0 (transparent), white bits in the source image 
have no effect on the destination image;  when the source transparency mode is 1 
(opaque), white bits in the source imag e are applied to the destination image. 
Similarly, when the patter n transparency mode is 0 (transparent), white bits in the pattern 
do not affect the destination image; but the  area of the source image replaced by the pat-
tern dots is applied to the destination im age when the pattern transparency mode is  1 
(opaque). 
The figure on the next page illustrates the results that are obtained by printing images 
using image modes; that is, using different combinations of source  and pattern transpar-
ency modes. 
Downloaded From ManualsPrinter.com Manuals 
						

							Chapter 2 Graphics Tutorial
2-38
Figure 2. 38.  Image Models 
PRESCRIBE establishes the printing system’s imaging model with the SIMG (Set 
IMaGe model) command. This command uses the following format. 
SIMG operation-mode ; 
operation-mode  is a number from 1 to 6 that determines the image model as follows. 
Operation mode Source image Pattern 
1 Transparent –
2 Opaque –
Source transparency mode = 0 (transparent)
Pattern transparency mode = 0 (transparent)
Source transparency m ode = 0 (transparent)
Pattern transparency mode = 1 (opaque)
Source transparency mode = 1 (opaque)
Pattern transparency mode = 0 (transparent)
Source transparency mode = 1 (opaque)
Pattern transparency mode = 1 (opaque)  
Downloaded From ManualsPrinter.com Manuals