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Casio Z1 Gr User Manual

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Page 61

  61  HYPASN   PURPOSE: Returns the value for which hyperbolic sine (value) = parameter. FORMAT: HYPASN (argument)  Numeric expression The parenthesis enclosing the argument can be omitted when the argument is a numeric value or variable. EXAMPLE: HYPASN (-150) PARAMETERS:  argument must be within the ]-5x1099 , 5x1099[ range EXPLANATION: 1. The mathematical formula for reverse hyperbolic sine is : asinh(x) = ln ( x + √  ) where ln is the natural logarithm . 2. The returned value is in the [-230.2585092...

Page 62

  62  HYPSIN   PURPOSE: Returns the value of the hyperbolic sine of the argument. FORMAT: HYPSIN (argument)  Numeric expression The parenthesis enclosing the argument can be omitted when the argument is a numeric value or variable. EXAMPLE: HYPSIN (1.5) PARAMETERS:  argument must be within the [-230.2585092 , +230.2585092] range. EXPLANATION: 1. The mathematical formula for hyperbolic sine is : sinh(x) = (ex - e-x) / 2 where e is 2.7182818284590452353602874713526... 2. The returned value is in the...

Page 63

  63  LOG   PURPOSE: Returns the common logarithm of the argument. FORMAT: LOG (argument)  Numeric expression The parenthesis enclosing the argument can be omitted when the argument is a numeric value or variable. EXAMPLE: LOG (7922) PARAMETERS:  argument must be within the ]10-100 , 10100[ range. EXPLANATION: 1. The returned value is in the ]-100 , +100[ range. SEE: LN  LN   PURPOSE: Returns the natural logarithm of the parameter FORMAT: LN (argument)  Numeric expression The parenthesis enclosing the...

Page 64

$Page 64 64 NPR PURPOSE: Returns the permutation nPr for the values of n and r. FORMAT: NPR ( n value , r value ) Numeric expression Numeric expression EXAMPLE: X = NPR(69,20) PARAMETERS: n value and r value should follow: 0 ≤ r ≤ n < 1010 EXPLANATION: 1. Returns the permutation: nPr = n! / (n-r)! 2. A fractional value as either n or r generates an error. SEE: FACT, NCR PI PURPOSE: Returns the value of π. FORMAT: PI EXPLANATION: 1. Returns the value of π. 2. The value of π used for internal calculations...$

  64  NPR   PURPOSE: Returns the permutation nPr for the values of n and r. FORMAT: NPR ( n value , r value )  Numeric expression  Numeric expression EXAMPLE: X = NPR(69,20) PARAMETERS: n value and r value should follow: 0 ≤ r ≤ n < 1010 EXPLANATION: 1. Returns the permutation: nPr = n! / (n-r)! 2. A fractional value as either n or r generates an error. SEE: FACT, NCR  PI   PURPOSE: Returns the value of π. FORMAT: PI EXPLANATION: 1. Returns the value of π. 2. The value of π used for internal calculations...

Page 65

  65  RAN#   PURPOSE: Returns a random value in the range of 0 to 1. FORMAT: RAN# (argument)  Numeric expression The parenthesis enclosing the argument can be omitted when the argument is a numeric value or variable. EXAMPLE: RAN# * 10 PARAMETERS:  argument : numeric expression EXPLANATION: 1. Returns a random value in the ]-1, 1[ range. 2. Random numbers are generated from the same table when X=1. 3. The last random number generated is repeated when X=0. 4. Random numbers are generated from the random...

Page 66

  66  ROUND   PURPOSE: Rounds the argument at the specified digit. FORMAT: ROUND ( argument , digit )  Numeric expression  Numeric expression The parenthesis enclosing the argument can be omitted when the argument is a numeric value or variable. EXAMPLE: ROUND (A, -3) PARAMETERS: 1. argument : numeric expression 2. digit: numeric expression truncated to an integer in the ]-100, 100[ range. EXPLANATION: Rounds the argument (to the nearest whole number) at the specified digit. SEE: FIX, INT  SGN   PURPOSE:...

Page 67

  67  SQR   PURPOSE: Returns the square root of the argument. FORMAT: SQR (argument)  Numeric expression The parenthesis enclosing the argument can be omitted when the argument is a numeric value or variable. EXAMPLE: SQR (4) PARAMETERS:  argument must be positive. SEE: CUR  TAN   PURPOSE: Returns the value of the tangent of the argument. FORMAT: TAN (argument)  Numeric expression The parenthesis enclosing the argument can be omitted when the argument is a numeric value or variable. EXAMPLE: TAN (PI/3)...

Page 68

  68  5.8.5 String Functions  ASC   PURPOSE: Returns the character code corresponding to the character in the first (leftmost) position of a string. FORMAT: ASC (string)  String expression EXAMPLE: ASC (“A”) PARAMETERS: String : string expression EXPLANATION: 1. Returns the character code corresponding to a character. The character code for the first (leftmost) character only is returned for a string of two or more characters long. 2. A value of 0 is returned for a null string. SEE: CHR$, Character code...

Page 69

  69  &H   PURPOSE: Converts the 1 through 4-digit hexadecimal value following &H to a decimal value. FORMAT: &H argument  Hexadecimal value EXAMPLE: A = &HAF PARAMETERS: Hexadecimal value in the [0, FFFF] range. EXPLANATION: 1. The hexadecimal value is expressed using values 0 to 9, plus characters A to F. 2. In the manual mode, &H is entered followed by the hexadecimal value. Pressing . . produces the decimal equivalent. Example: Shift  &H  1  B  7  F  . . → 7039 3. The following shows a typical...

Page 70

  70  LEFT$   PURPOSE: Returns a substring of a specified length counting from the left of a string. FORMAT: LEFT$ ( string , number of characters )  String expression  Numeric expression EXAMPLE: LEFT$ (“ABCDEF”, 3) PARAMETERS: 1. String: string expression 2. Number of characters: numeric expression truncated to an integer in the [0 , 256[ range. EXPLANATION: 1. Returns the substring of a specified length from the left of a string. 2. The entire string is returned when the specified number of characters...

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