Casio Z1 Gr User Manual

  111  6.3 C Command Reference 6.3.1 Manual Commands  RUN  PURPOSE: Execution of a C program. EXAMPLE: RUN run RUN>”PRN:” PARAMETERS:  You can specify the output console being the printer instead of the screen. EXPLANATION: Execution starts at the beginning of the main() function of the program currently loaded.  EDIT  PURPOSE: Writing or editing a C program. EXAMPLE: EDIT edit EXPLANATION: Enters the editor and opens the program area F 0-9 currently selected.  TRON  PURPOSE: Entering the TRACE mode for...

  112 6.3.1 Fundamental commands  abort()  PURPOSE: Program termination. FORMAT: void abort(); EXPLANATION: 1. Calling abort() function will cause the program to terminate immediately, indicating an unsuccessful termination. 2. The following may occur: file buffers are not flushed, streams are not closed, and temporary files are not deleted. 3. In ANSI C, abort() function is part of library stdlib.  exit()  PURPOSE: Program termination. FORMAT: void exit(); EXPLANATION: 1. Calling exit() function will...

  113  if() else  PURPOSE: Executes one statement when the specified condition is true (not zero). A second optional statement following the “else” is executed when the specified condition is false (0). FORMAT: if (condition) statement 1 else statement 2 PARAMETERS:  Condition can be any variable or expression that will be considered true if not 0. EXPLANATION: 1. The most simple conditional structure is: if (condition) statement. statement is executed only if condition is true (not 0) 2. You can add the...

  114  while()  PURPOSE: Executes repeatedly a statement as long as the specified condition is true (not zero). . FORMAT: while (condition) statement PARAMETERS:  Condition can be any variable or expression that will be considered true if not 0. EXPLANATION: 1. The “while” loop first executes the condition. If the condition is met (true, returning a value other than 0), the statement is executed, and execution loops back to the “while” loop to evaluate the condition again. 2. Whenever the condition is...

  115  for()  PURPOSE: Executes repeatedly a statement as long as the specified condition is true (not zero). FORMAT: for (expression 1; condition; expression 2) statement PARAMETERS:  1. expression 1 sets initial state. 2. condition allows the loop to repeat. 3. expression 2 is executed after the statement. EXPLANATION: 1. First, expression 1 is executed on first pass only (initialization). 2. Then, condition is evaluated. If true (not 0), the statement is executed. If false, loop ends. 3. After...

  116  switch() case default  PURPOSE: executes various statements depending on the value of the parameter. FORMAT: switch (expression) { [case constant i: statement i ]; default: statement; }; PARAMETERS:  1. expression must be an integer type (char, int, long, signed or unsigned). 2. constant i (there is no limit to the number of “case: constant i” statements) is a constant from the same type as expression. EXPLANATION: 1. expression is evaluated, and compared to each constant. 2. If a constant matches...

  117  goto  PURPOSE: Branches unconditionally to a specified destination label. FORMAT: goto label; PARAMETERS: label is the name of a label defined within the same function. EXPLANATION: 1. the goto statement and label concept are similar to the ones used in BASIC. 2. a label is defined writing an identifier followed by a colon. 3. it is possible and recommended to avoid using the goto statement in a C program.  

  118  6.3.1 Mathematical Functions The math functions are part of a standard library in ANSI C, and it is recommended to add the following comment at the beginning of your program: /* #include  */  abs()  PURPOSE: Returns the absolute value of an integer. FORMAT: int abs(n) int n;  angle()  PURPOSE: Specifies the unit of angular measurement. FORMAT: void angle(n) unsigned int n; PARAMETERS:  n = 0: unit = Degrees. n = 1: unit = Radians. n = 3: unit = Grads SEE: sin(), cos(), tan(), asin(), acos(),...

  119   asinh()  PURPOSE: Returns the value for which hyperbolic sine (value) = parameter. FORMAT: double asinh(x) double x; PARAMETERS:  x must be within the ]-5x1099, 5x1099[ range EXPLANATION: 1. The mathematical formula for reverse hyperbolic sine is: asinh(x) = ln ( x + √  ) where ln is the natural logarithm. 2. The returned value is in the [-230.2585092, +230.2585092] range. SEE: sinh(), log()  atan()  PURPOSE: Returns the angle value for which tangent (angle value) = parameter. FORMAT: double...

  120  cosh()  PURPOSE: Returns the value of hyperbolic cosine (parameter). FORMAT: double cosh(x) double x; PARAMETERS:  x must be within the [-230.2585092, +230.2585092] range. EXPLANATION: 1. The mathematical formula for hyperbolic cosine is: cosh(x) = (ex + e-x) / 2 where e is 2.7182818284590452353602874713526... 2. The returned value is in the [-1, 5x1099[ range. SEE: acosh(), log()  exp()  PURPOSE: Returns the value of e(parameter). FORMAT: double exp(x) double x; PARAMETERS:  x must be within the...