Apple Final Cut Pro X 10.1.2 User Guide
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Chapter 9 Add transitions, titles, eff ects, and gener ators 2 11 Effects can be added to any clips in the Timeline. Once they have been added (or in the case of built-in effects, adjusted), you can customize the effects using controls in an inspector, onscreen controls in the Viewer, and controls in the Video Animation Editor and Audio Animation Editor. You can also try out multiple versions of an effect using auditions. Most of the effects and generators can be opened in Motion, an Apple application designed to work with Final Cut Pro, where you can customize and save specialized versions of them. Note: If you are using a transition, title, effect, or generator created in Motion that utilizes a third- party plug-in, and that plug-in is not installed on your Final Cut Pro system, the Final Cut Pro project may render incorrectly or incompletely. To verify if this is the cause, open the template in Motion; if there are offline elements, you will see a warning dialog. For more information on how to open a template in Motion, see Create specialized versions of transitions in Motion on page 220 , Create specialized versions of the video effects in Motion on page 248 , or Create specialized versions of the generators in Motion on page 252 . Add and adjust transitions Transitions overview You can add cross dissolves and other transition effects between cuts to make your program more interesting. Transitions replace one shot with another over a specified period of time; when one shot ends, another one replaces it. Three very common video transitions occur over time: fades, cross dissolves, and wipes. You can add audio-only transitions to audio edits in a connected storyline. These transitions can be either a fade-in, fade-out, or crossfade. Note: When a transition is added to a video clip with attached audio, a crossfade transition is automatically applied to the audio. If the audio is detached or expanded from the video, the audio is not affected by the video transition. 67% resize factor
Chapter 9 Add transitions, titles, eff ects, and gener ators 212 How transitions are created Transitions require overlapping video from the clips on each side of the edit point. A one- second transition requires one second of video from the end of the left clip and one second of video from the start of the right clip. When you apply a transition to an edit point, Final Cut Pro attempts to use additional video from each of the clips to create the overlap. These additional (unused) sections of clips are known as media handles. The following image shows a clip with media handles on each end and a clip with no extra video, or media handle, at its start. Clip selected in the Browser No start media handle End media handle Start media handle End media handle The media handle video may not be appropriate for use in a transition. For example, if the video includes unusable video such as a slate, it will be visible in the project. You can set the default duration for transitions. See Set transition defaults on page 213 . The illustration below shows how transitions are created when the clips on either side of the edit point have media handles. The transition is placed so that it spans the clips; one half of the transition overlaps each clip. Unused media from the end of each clip is added to fill out the transition. The total duration of your project is unchanged. Edit with no transition Media handle Clip 1 Clip 2 Clip 1 Clip 2Media handle Edit with transition (media handles used) If one or both of the clips do not have enough extra content (media handles) to support a transition of the default duration, you are given the option to overlap media in your project to create the transition. 67% resize factor
Chapter 9 Add transitions, titles, eff ects, and gener ators 213 Final Cut Pro uses any available media handles and then overlaps media as necessary to create the transition. The illustration below shows a transition created without media handles. The two clips are made to overlap, and the transition is placed over the overlapping region. This is effectively a ripple trim edit, and the total duration of your project decreases. Edit with no transition Clip 1Clip 2 Clip 1 Clip 2 Edit with transition (no media handles used) Set transition defaults You can set the default transition that is used with the Command-T keyboard shortcut. You can also set the default duration for transitions. Set the default transition 1 Click the Transitions button in the toolbar. 2 Control-click a transition, and choose Make Default from the shortcut menu. Set the default duration You set the default duration for transitions in Final Cut Pro preferences. 1 Choose Final Cut P ro > P references, or press Command-Comma (,), and click Editing. 2 Use the “Duration is x seconds” value slider to set the duration, in seconds, of all transitions you add to the Timeline. You can adjust the duration of a transition after it is in the Timeline. Note: Some transitions have a set duration and are not affected by this setting. 67% resize factor
Chapter 9 Add transitions, titles, eff ects, and gener ators 214 Add transitions to your project There are several methods you can use to add transitions to your project. Once a transition is added, you can adjust its parameters. You can also modify the transition effect in Motion. Add a cross dissolve 1 Choose the Select tool from the Tools pop-up menu in the toolbar (shown below), and click the edge of a clip (an edit point) in the Timeline. One or both clip edges are highlighted. Note: If you select a whole clip in the Timeline instead of just an edit point, transitions are added at each end of the selected clip. 2 Choose Edit > A dd Cross Dissolve (or press Command-T ). The cross dissolve is inserted using the “Apply transitions using” setting. For more information, see Set transition defaults on page 213. If the video clip has attached audio, a crossfade transition is applied to the audio. 67% resize factor
Chapter 9 Add transitions, titles, eff ects, and gener ators 215 Add or change a transition using the Transitions Browser 1 Click the Transitions button in the toolbar. 2 Select a transition. Move the pointer over the transition thumbnails to see an example of what the transition looks like. Additionally, you can type text in the search field to filter the list of transitions that appear. 3 Do one of the following: •To apply the transition to an edit point: Drag the transition to it. •To replace an existing transition in your project: Drag the transition to it. Tip: Alternatively, you can select the edit point first, and double-click a transition in the Transitions Browser to apply it. The transition is added to the edit using the “Apply transitions using” setting. For more information, see Set transition defaults on page 213 . If the video clip has attached audio, a crossfade transition is applied to the audio. Add an automatic audio crossfade When a video clip has attached audio, the audio automatically has a crossfade transition applied when a video transition is applied. If the audio is detached or expanded from the video, the audio is not affected by the video transition. Follow these steps to add an audio crossfade between detached audio clips that are in a connected storyline. 1 Create an audio-only storyline that is connected to the primary storyline. For information on creating storylines, see Add storylines on page 277 . 2 Using the Select tool, click the edge of a clip (an edit point) in the storyline. One or both clip edges are highlighted. Note: If you select a whole clip in the storyline instead of just an edit point, transitions are added at each end of the selected clip. 3 To insert a crossfade, choose Edit > A dd Cross Dissolve (or press Command-T ). The crossfade is inserted using the “Apply transitions using” setting. For more information, see Set transition defaults on page 213. You can configure the fade-in and fade-out settings in the Transition inspector. 67% resize factor
Chapter 9 Add transitions, titles, eff ects, and gener ators 216 Copy a transition to other edit points using the Edit menu 1 Select a transition in the Timeline, and choose Edit > C opy (or press Command-C). 2 Using the Select tool, click the edge of a clip (an edit point) in the Timeline, and choose Edit > Paste (or press Command-V ). Note: If you copy a transition to an edit point that already has a transition, the existing transition is overwritten. Copy a transition to other edit points by dragging m Select a transition in the Timeline, press the Option key, and drag the transition to another edit point. Note: If you copy a transition to an edit point that already has a transition, the existing transition is overwritten. Delete transitions from your project You can easily delete a transition, restoring the edit point to a simple cut. Delete a transition 1 Select one or more transitions in the Timeline. 2 Press Delete. The selected transitions are removed and their edit points are converted to simple cuts. Important: If a transition you deleted used Full Overlap, the edit point is now at the center point of the transition that was removed, not at its original location before the transition was applied. You can use Edit > Undo to remove the transition and return the clips to their original length. For more information, see How transitions are created on page 212 . Adjust transitions in the Timeline You can adjust a transition’s duration and move it in the Timeline. You can also trim either of the clips under the transition. Change the transition duration 1 Select a transition in the Timeline. 2 Do one of the following: •Choose Modify > Change Duration (or press Control-D), type the duration (it appears in the Dashboard in the toolbar), and press Return. •Drag one end of the transition away from the transition’s center to make it longer or toward the center to shorten it. Drag either transition edge to trim its duration. The transition maintains its center point and equally trims both ends, with the number showing how many frames have been added to or subtracted from the transition duration. 67% resize factor
Chapter 9 Add transitions, titles, eff ects, and gener ators 217 Move the transition Moving a transition actually rolls the edit under the transition, adding content to one underlying clip while removing content from the other clip. The overall duration of the project is not affected. Additionally, you can only move the transition as long as sufficient media handles are available for the clip that is being extended. Clip 2 Media handle Edit with transition Media handleClip 1 Clip 2 Media handle Media handle Clip 1 Edit with transition moved right 1 Select a transition in the Timeline. 2 Drag the transition trim icon in the upper-center area of the transition. Drag to roll the edit under the transition. The edit under the transition is rolled, with one clip being extended and the other shortened. A number appears showing the number of frames to the left (negative numbers) or to the right (positive numbers) you have rolled the transition. You can also use the Precision Editor to roll the transition. Trim a clip under a transition The transition includes icons that make it easy to trim the left or right clip without affecting the transition. 1 Select a transition in the Timeline. 67% resize factor
Chapter 9 Add transitions, titles, eff ects, and gener ators 218 2 Drag one of the trim icons in the upper-left or upper-right area of the transition. Drag to trim the start point of the clip on the right. Drag to trim the end point of the clip on the left. Dragging the trim icon in the upper left adjusts the right clip’s start point, and dragging the trim icon in the upper right adjusts the left clip’s end point. A number appears showing how many frames you have added to (negative numbers) or subtracted from (positive numbers) the clip’s duration. Trimming the clip doesn’t affect the transition’s duration, but it does affect the project’s duration. You can also use the Precision Editor to trim the clips under the transition. Adjust transitions in the Transition inspector and Viewer You can adjust a transition using the controls in the Transition inspector and Viewer. Adjust a transition using the Transition inspector and Viewer 1 If the Transition inspector is not already visible, choose Window > S how Inspector (or press Command-4). 2 In the Timeline, select the transition to adjust. For this example, use the Circle transition. The Viewer shows any onscreen adjustments you can make by dragging the handles. The Transition inspector shows the other parameters available for you to adjust. Additionally, some transitions have an image well for you to select a video frame that appears as part of the transition. Drag onscreen controls to adjust selected transition settings. 67% resize factor
Chapter 9 Add transitions, titles, eff ects, and gener ators 219 In the above example, you can drag the white circle in the Viewer (an onscreen control) to position the circle wipe’s center and the square to set the border width (in this case, its softness). The Transition inspector includes a setting for the circle wipe’s aspect ratio and edge treatment (including the border color if you choose a hard edge). Additionally, many transitions have parameters that you can animate using keyframes. For example, you could have the center of the Circle transition move as you play the clip. For more information on adjusting audio crossfades in the Transition inspector, see Fade audio in or out on page 17 6 . Adjust transitions with multiple images Several transitions include areas that are filled with still images from the clips on either side of the transition. For example, this is the Pan Far Right transition (one of the Bulletin Board transitions). This image is set by handle number 4 in the Timeline. The areas are numbered and correlate to numbered points around the transition in the Timeline. Adjust transitions with numbered points 1 Select the transition with numbered points in the Timeline. 2 Move the playhead over the transition until you see an area with the same number as one of the numbered handles in the Timeline. 3 Drag the numbered handle to select the image to fill the area. 4 Continue until you have selected images for all of the areas. 67% resize factor
Chapter 9 Add transitions, titles, eff ects, and gener ators 220 Create specialized versions of transitions in Motion Many of the transitions were created using Motion, an Apple application designed to work with Final Cut Pro. You can open these transitions in Motion, make modifications, and save the changes as a new transition file that appears in the Transitions Browser. Important: The following steps require you to have Motion 5 installed on your computer. Modify a transition in Motion 1 Click the Transitions button in the toolbar. 2 In the Transitions Browser, Control-click the transition you want to modify, and choose “Open a copy in Motion” from the shortcut menu. Motion opens and the transition’s project appears. 3 Modify the transition project. For more information, see Motion Help at http://help.apple.com/motion. 4 Choose File > S ave As (or press Shift-Command-S), enter a name for this new transition (referred to as a Template in Motion), assign it to a category (or create a new category), choose a theme (if needed), and click Publish. Note: If you choose File > Save, the transition is saved using the same name with “copy” appended to its end. Add and adjust titles Titles overview Titles play a critical role in movies, providing important bookends (such as opening titles and closing credits) and conveying time and dates within the movie. Titles, especially in the lower third of the screen, are also used in documentaries and informational videos to convey details about subjects or products onscreen. You can also add notes and placeholders within your project while you edit. Subtitles can be a critical element for movies originating in a different language. You can create titles and credits within Final Cut Pro with title effects. Titles are synthesized clips (similar to generators) generated by Final Cut Pro. Title clips don’t refer to any media on your hard disk. When you add a title as a connected clip directly above another clip, the underlying clip appears as the title’s background, sparing you the need to perform any further compositing to create that effect. 67% resize factor