3Com Router User Manual

							Upgrade the 3Com Router Main Program Software37
Figure 18   Transfer File dialog box
7Click Browse to open the folder containing the Boot ROM software, select the file, 
change the download protocol to XModem, click Send, and the system will start 
downloading and the following dialog box displays:
Figure 19   The Downloading dialog box
8Upon the completion of the loading operation, the router writes the Boot ROM 
into the Flash or NVRAM, and the following prompts display:
Download completed.
Writing into flash memory...
Please wait,it needs a long time (about 1 min)
Writing into Flash Succeeds.
Please use 9600 bps.Press  key to reboot the system.
Perform the operation as prompted, click Disconnect and then Connect in the 
terminal interface.
If the downloading operation fails, the system displays the following and the 
router will be rebooted:
Download failed.
3Com Router start booting
……
In this case, you should find out the failure causes and upgrade Boot ROM once 
again. 
						

							38CHAPTER 3: SYSTEM MANAGEMENT
9Restore the baud rate of the terminal emulation program to 9600 bps and press 
Enter for rebooting the router so that the new 3Com Router main program 
software can be run.
TFTP ApproachTFTP is a protocol used for transferring trivial files between clients and servers in 
the TCP/IP suite. It provides low-cost and simple file transfer service. Carried in 
UDP, TFTP provides only the unreliable traffic transmission service without any 
access authorization and authentication mechanism. It ensures data will reach 
destinations with the approach of timeout retransmission. Compared with FTP, the 
TFTP software is much smaller. At present, TFTP Version 2 (RFC 1350) is the most 
popular version.
The 3Com Router can provide you with TFTP client service. That is, the router 
works as a TFTP client, and the file server as the TFTP server. You can enter the 
corresponding commands on the router to upload its configuration files to the file 
server or download the configuration files from the file server into the Flash or 
NVRAM of the local router.
Before using TFTP, you should purchase and install a TFTP server application as the 
3Com Router does not come with a TFTP server application.
The TFTP server application can run on Windows 95/98/NT.
Preparation for using the TFTP server
1Enable the TFTP server program
aEnable the TFTP server program. Select a PC installed with the Windows 
95/98/NT operating system and an Ethernet card and start the TFTP server 
program on the PC. (Alternatively, a PC running HyperTerminal can also be 
used.) TFTPD32 in a Windows 98 environment will be taken as an example for 
describing the procedure. The following figure shows a TFTPD32 interface.
Figure 20   TFTPD32 interface
bSet the directory for the TFTP server files. After enabling the TFTP server, 
redefine a TFTP file directory and copy the desired 3Com Router main program 
software into this directory. Alternatively, you can set the directory containing 
the 3Com Router main program files as the directory for TFTP server files. 
Specifically, click Settings in the TFTPD32 interface, and the Tftpd32: Settings 
for the interface as shown in 
Figure 21 are displayed. 
						

							Upgrade the 3Com Router Main Program Software39
Figure 21   Tftpd32: Set interface
Enter the file directory in the field of Base Directory, and click OK for 
confirmation.
The setting interface may vary with different TFTP server program software.
2Connect the router
aSelect an Ethernet interface for downloading on the router.
3Com Router series support application loading on a particular Ethernet 
interface. 
■Select Ethernet0 for 5231 Routers.
■On an Router 5640, check the slots for a 1-port 10/100Base-TX Fast 
Ethernet interface module (1FE) card in the order of 0, 2, 1, and 3. The 
Ethernet interface thus found will be used as the downloading network 
interface. If the router is not available with a 1FE card, check the slots for 
the available 2FE card in the same order, and the Ethernet interface 0 of the 
2FE module found first will be used as the downloading network interface.
■On an Router 5680, check the slots for a 1FE card in the order of 0, 2, 4, 6, 
1, 3, 5 and 7. The Ethernet interface thus found will be used as the 
downloading network interface. If the router is not available with a 1FE 
card, check the slots for the available 2FE cards in the same order, and the 
Ethernet interface 0 of the 2FE card found first will be used as the 
downloading network interface.
bAfter the Ethernet port for downloading is determined, connect the port to the 
PC running the TFTP server program through an Ethernet cable. Assume that 
the IP address of the PC is 10.110.10.13.
Upgrade the 3Com Router Main Software with TFTP when Powering on 
the Router
1Run the terminal emulation program on the PC connected to the console port, 
start the router, quickly press N upon the display of 
3Com Router start booting 
on the screen and the following prompt will be displayed:
(M)odify any of the 3Com router configuration or (C)ontinue? [M]
Press Enter and the following prompts will be displayed:
For each of the following questions, you can press  to select 
the value shown in braces, or you can enter a new value. 
						

							40CHAPTER 3: SYSTEM MANAGEMENT
NETWORK INTERFACE PARAMETERS:
Do you want a LAN interface?  [N] y
This boards LAN IP address? [169.254.1.1] 10.110.10.1
Subnet mask for LAN (0 for none)? [255.255.0.0]
TFTP SERVER PARAMETERS:
IP address of the TFTP server? [169.254.75.166] 10.110.10.13
What is the name of the file to be loaded and started? [m8240ram.arj]
How long (in seconds) should CPU delay before starting up? [5]
The IP address of the TFTP server? [169.254.75.166] must be set to the IP 
address of the PC connected to the Ethernet port of the router. After the last 
parameter is set the following prompts will appear to ask for confirmation:
-------------------------------------------------------------------
NETWORK INTERFACE PARAMETERS:
  IP address on LAN is 10.110.10.1
  LAN interfaces subnet mask is 0xffff0000
HARDWARE PARAMETERS:
  Processor type is MPC8240
  Internal Clock Rate 250 Mhz
  External Clock Rate 100 Mhz
  LAN Controller is DEC 21143
  Serial channels will use a baud rate of 9600
TFTP SERVER PARAMETERS:
  IP address of the TFTP host is 10.110.10.13
  The file to download and start is m8240ram.arj
  After board is reset, start-up code will wait 5 seconds
-------------------------------------------------------------------
(M)odify any of the 3Com router configuration or (C)ontinue? [M]
2Enter C to confirm the selection and the router performs POST again, and the Boot 
ROM starts normally.
3The router performs POST, and the following displays:
3Com Router start booting
******************************************
*                                        * 
*  3Com Router Series Boot rom, V4.32  * 
*                                         * 
******************************************
3Com Corporation Copyright(C) Reserved. 
Compiled at 17:47:11 , Mar 21 2002.
   Now testing memory...OK!
   256M    bytes  SDRAM
   8192k  bytes  flash memory
  Press Ctrl-B to enter Boot Menu
Press Ctrl+B as prompted and the system enters the 3Com Router main software 
upgrade menu.
The system enters the 3Com Router main software upgrade menu unless you 
press Ctrl+B within three seconds of displaying “Press Ctrl-B to enter Boot 
Menu...” on the screen. Otherwise, the system will start decompressing the 
program. Reboot the router if you want to enter the 3Com Router main software 
upgrade menu after program decompression is started.
4Enter Ctrl+B and the system prompts:
Please input Bootrom password: 
						

							Upgrade the 3Com Router Main Program Software41
Input the Boot ROM password at the prompt. (By default, no ex-factory Boot ROM 
password is set on the router. Simply press Enter in this case.) If the Boot ROM 
password has been modified, enter the correct password. The system terminates 
the process if the password authentication attempts fails three times.
5The system displays the following prompts upon input of the correct Boot ROM 
password:
Boot Menu:
1: Download application program with XMODEM
2: Download application program with TFTP
3: Clear application password
4: Clear configuration
5: Exit and reboot
Enter your choice(1-5):
Make the selection as desired. Notice that option 3 is used for entering the system 
view from the user password.
6Select 2 for loading the 3Com Router main program with TFTP, and the following 
prompt displays:
Please start TFTP server then press ENTER key to get start
7Press Enter for loading.
Starting the TFTP download...
...............................................................
TFTP download completed...
read len=[03713478]
Writing program code to FLASH...
Please waiting,it needs a long time (about 1 min)
WriteFlash Success.
Press ENTER key to reboot the system.
8Press Enter upon the completion of the loading and the router reboots and the 
3Com Router main program directly decompresses and loads into the memory for 
execution.
Upgrade the 3Com Router Main Software with TFTP after Booting the 
Router
This approach implements upgrading by executing the get command to load the 
3Com Router main software from the TFTP server after the router is booted.
Start the TFTP server and connect it with the router before using this method to 
upgrade the 3Com Router main software. Then, execute the following command 
in system view.
Ta b l e 15   Download configuration files from a TFTP server
FTP ApproachAn application layer protocol in the TCP/IP suite, File Transfer Protocol (FTP), is 
mainly used for file transfer between remote hosts. Carried on TCP, FTP can 
provide reliable and connection-oriented data traffic transmission without access 
authorization and authentication mechanisms.
OperationCommand
Downloads the 3Com Router main 
software from a TFTP serverget ip-addr file-name system 
						

							42CHAPTER 3: SYSTEM MANAGEMENT
After a client originates a control connection to a server by using the port 
command and uses a randomly assigned FTP port to establish the control link with 
port 21 on the server, the link will be in place until there is no data waiting for 
transmission. The server uses port 20 to establish data link with the client for data 
transmission.
The 3Com Router can provide you with the FTP server service. That is, the router 
works as a TFTP server, and a subscriber can run the FTP client application to log in 
the router for accessing the files on the router.
Before using FTP, you should purchase and install a FTP client application, as the 
3Com Router is not supplied with this software.
Prepare for using the FTP server
1Set an authentication method on the FTP server
This step can be omitted. AAA defaults to local authentication without 
accounting.
The authorization of the FTP server is provided for the top level working directory 
of FTP subscribers. Only the subscribers that have passed authentication and 
authorization can obtain the service provided by the FTP server. The 3Com Router 
authenticates and authorizes FTP subscribers through an AAA server. If no AAA is 
configured, the local user authentication is adopted by default.
When using AAA, the router cannot perform local accounting. Therefore, when 
using local authentication, you need to open the accounting option switch to 
disable the accounting function.
Perform the following configuration in system view.
Ta b l e 16   Set an authentication mode for an FTP server
2Add an FTP-authorized user name and the password
Perform the following configuration in system view.
Ta b l e 17   Add an FTP-authorized user name and the password
For the details of the command, refer to the AAA and RADIUS Configuration 
contained in the Security section of this manual.
3Enable the FTP service
The FTP service can be enabled after configuring the authentication and 
authorization on the FTP server. The FTP server supports multi-user access. A 
OperationCommand
Enable AAA aaa-enable
Enable accounting switchaaa accounting-scheme optional
Adopt local authentication on PPP 
connectionsaaa authentication-scheme login 
default local
OperationCommand
Add an FTP-authorized user name 
and the authentication passwordLocal-user username password { 0 | 7 } 
password service-type ftp password 
{simple | cipher } password
Delete the FTP userundo user username 
						

							Upgrade the 3Com Router Main Program Software43
remote FTP user sends a request to the FTP server, and the server will perform 
actions accordingly and return the execution result to the subscriber.
Perform the following configuration in system view.
Ta b l e 18   Enable FTP server
Upgrade the 3Com Router Main Software with FTP
1Assign an IP address to the interface on the router for connecting the router to the 
host running the FTP client program.
2Using the Windows98 FTP client program as an example — place the file to be 
uploaded on a specified directory, C:	emp for example, on the FTP client.
3Open the DOS window, enter FTP X.X.X.X (where X.X.X.X represents the IP 
address of the router), and enter the user name and password as prompted:
C:\WINDOWS>ftp 10.110.27.1
Connected to 10.110.27.1.
220 FTP service ready on the 3Com Router at
User (10.110.27.1:(none)): cjj
331 Password required for cjj.
Password:
230 User cjj logged in .
ftp>
4After the authentication is passed, the FTP client displays the prompt ftp> enter 
binary after the prompt, and set the upload directory on the FTP client.
ftp> binary 
200 Type set to I.
ftp> lcd c:	emp 
Local directory now C:\temp.
5At the prompt ftp>, set a directory for the FTP server (the router). By default, the 
file name of the 3Com Router main program is “system”, which is case sensitive. 
You can modify the file name using the 
ftp-server system-name command on 
the router. For details, refer to 
Configure FTP.
ftp> dir
200 Port command okay.
150 okay.
config                    1007 Bytes
system                 5802368 Bytes
226 Data transmit over.
ftp: 76 bytes received in 0.00Seconds 76000.00Kbytes/sec.
6At the prompt ftp>, enter the put LocalFile [ RemoteFile ] command to 
upload the specified file to the router. 
RemoteFile must be the name of the 
system file on the router.
ftp> put 3Com Router 1.71 system
200 Port command okay.
150 Server okay , now receive file.
226 file transmit success.
ftp: 5802263 bytes sent in 80.74Seconds 71.86Kbytes/sec.
OperationCommand
Enables the FTP serverftp-server enable
Disables the FTP serverundo ftp-server enable 
						

							44CHAPTER 3: SYSTEM MANAGEMENT
7At the prompt ftp>, appearing after the file uploading is completed, enter the dir 
command to display the file name and size on the router. If the uploading 
operation is successful, the program or configuration file on the router and the 
uploaded file on the host should have the same size.
8At the prompt ftp>, enter the quit command to exit the FTP client program.
9The router writes the files into the Flash after receiving all of them, and the 
following information displays on the terminal:
Now saving the program file.
 Please wait for a while
  Receive         5802263 Bytes from client
  Writing program code to FLASH...
  Please waiting, it may take a long time (about 10 min)
####################################################################
############
####################################################
  Write success, please reboot router!
The upgraded software can only take effect after rebooting the router.
Back up the 3Com 
Router Main Program 
Software TFTP Approach
With this approach, you can use the copy command to copy the 3Com Router 
main software to the TFTP server for redundancy, after booting the router. 
Start the TFTP server and connect it with the router before using this method to 
back up the 3Com Router main software. Then, execute the following command 
in system view. 
Ta b l e 19   Download configuration files from a TFTP server
FTP Approach
The procedure of backing up the 3Com Router main program software with FTP is 
the same as loading the software with FTP, except for 
step 6. See “FTP Approach” 
on page 41 for reference. When backing up the software with FTP, however, the 
step 6 described in “FTP Approach” on page 41 should be modified as follows:
At the prompt ftp>, use the get RemoteFile [LocalFile] command to upload 
the specified file to the router. RemoteFile should use the name of the system file 
on the router, and the name is case sensitive. You can use the 
ftp-server 
config-name
 command to modify the file name on the router. For details, refer to 
“FTP Approach” on page 44.
ftp> get config config.bak
200 Port command okay.
150 Server okay , now transmit file .
226 file transmit success.
ftp: 5802263 bytes received in 80.74Seconds 71.86Kbytes/sec.
OperationCommand
Copies the 3Com Router main software to a 
TFTP server for redundancycopy ip-addr file-name system 
						

							Configure On-Line Upgrading of the Card45
Configure On-Line 
Upgrading of the CardThe 3Com Router 1.x supports on-line upgrading of such cards as 2SA/4SA, E1VI 
and 6AM/12AM. While upgrading, the host acts as FTP Server and the router to be 
upgraded as the FTP Client. The host and the router coordinate to download the 
card upgrading files.
When you complete the installation of the FTP application, you can execute 
Serv-u.exe and configure the serv-u FTP according to the following steps:
1Click Setup/Users and the Setup Users dialog box displays as shown below:
Figure 22   Setup Users Dialog Box
2Click Edit to pop up the Edit Users/Group dialog box. Enter user name and 
password in the first two boxes respectively, and the path of the serv-u FTP in the 
Home Directory box.
Figure 23   Edit Users/Group dialog box
3Click Add to pop up the Path Name dialog box. Enter the path of the serv-u FTP 
and click OK to return. 
						

							46CHAPTER 3: SYSTEM MANAGEMENT
Figure 24   Path Name dialog box
Select the check boxes Read, Write and Delete in FILES and click OK to return.
Figure 25   Edit Users/Group check box 
4The cards can be upgraded on-line after the on-line upgrading files are copied to 
the path of the serv-u FTP.
Perform the following configuration in the system view.
Ta b l e 20   Configure on-line upgrading of the card
5The system will display the following information according to different situations:
If the on-line upgrading succeeds, the Console displays the following prompt 
information:
End of programming successful! Total 131072 bytes written.
If the on-line upgrading fails, the Console periodically displays the following 
prompt information:
Please enter the update request command for slot number
 
OperationCommand
Configure on-line 
upgrading of the card 
softwareupdate slot slot-number ftpserver { host-name | 
ip-address } filename file-name [ port 
port-number | user user-name | password 
password ]