Yamaha Vl70m User Manual

							57
pressure or higher modulation wheel position),
while minus values cause a decrease in amplitude
in response to higher controller values. The
“Depth” setting is reflected in the graph at the
bottom of the display — the horizontal axis
represents the controller value and the vertical axis
represents amplitude.
21: Amp  Curve (VOICE mode only)
•Amplitude Curve
•Settings: -16 … +16
Determines the relationship between the controller
value and amplitude. When set to “+00” the
relationship is linear. That is, a change in the
controller value produces a corresponding change
in amplitude. As the curve value increases the
lower end of the controller range has relatively
little effect on the sound while higher controller
values produce more dramatic changes. Negative
curve values have the opposite effect: the sound
changes dramatically at low controller values while
higher values produce relatively little effect. The
“Curve” setting is reflected in the graph at the
bottom of the display — the horizontal axis
represents the controller value and the vertical axis
represents amplitude.
Embouchure
22
(14): Emb CC No.
•Embouchure Control Change Number
•Settings: off… 95, AT, VEL, PB
“Embouchure” corresponds to the tightness of the
lips against the reed or against each other. In a
string instrument voice embouchure corresponds to
how strongly the bow is pressed against the string.
Affects both pitch and timbre. The “Emp CC No.”
parameter specifies the controller to be used for
embouchure control. When set to “off”  medium
embouchure is applied at all times.
• Please note that with many voices accurate
keyboard/controller pitch is produced only at
medium embouchure.
• The “EmbUpprDpt” and “EmbLowrDpt”
parameters, below, must be set to appropriate
values (higher than “+01” or lower than “-01”)
for embouchure control to have any effect.
23: EmbUpprDpt (VOICE mode only)
•Embouchure Upper Control Depth
•Settings: -127 … +127
Sets the amount of variation produced by the
controller assigned to embouchure when the
controller is set to its maximum position (e.g. a
modulation wheel rolled all the way up). The
higher the value the greater the variation. Positive
values cause an increase in embouchure in re-
sponse to higher controller values, while minus
values cause a decrease in embouchure in response
to higher controller values.
Controllers & Control Editing 
						

							58
24: EmbLowrDpt (VOICE mode only)
•Embouchure Lower Control Depth
•Settings: -127 … +127
Sets the amount of variation produced by the
controller assigned to embouchure when the
controller is set to it minimum position (e.g. a
modulation wheel rolled all the way down). The
higher the value the greater the variation. Positive
values cause an increase in embouchure in re-
sponse to lower controller values, while minus
values cause a decrease in embouchure in response
to lower controller values. The “EmbLowrDpt”
parameter has no effect when the “Emb Mode”
parameter, below, is set to “Min”.
25: Emb Mode (VOICE mode only)
•Embouchure Mode
•Settings: Cntr, Min
Selects the controller value (position) which will
produce “normal” embouchure. When set to “Cntr”
(Center) a central controller position will produce
normal embouchure, allowing both downward and
upward variation. A setting of “Min” (Minimum)
will produce normal embouchure when the control-
ler is set to its minimum position, allowing only
upward variation.
Controllers & Control Editing
 VL-XG  MODE
In the VL-XG sound module mode (page 28)
the “EmbUpprDpt” and EmbLowrDpt”
parameters are replaced by a single
“EmbCtrlDpt” parameter, as follows:
15: EmbCtrlDpt
•Embouchure Control Depth
•Settings: -64 … +63
 
Sets the amount of variation produced by the
controller assigned to embouchure. The
higher the value the greater the variation.
Positive values cause an increase in embou-
chure in response to higher controller values
(e.g. increased breath pressure or higher
modulation wheel position), while minus
values cause an decrease in embouchure in
response to higher controller values.
Tonguing
26
(16): Tng CC No.
•Tonguing Control Change Number
•Settings: off … 95, AT, VEL, PB
“Tonguing” simulates the  half-tonguing technique
used by saxophone players by changing the “slit”
of the reed. The slit is the space between the tip of
the reed and the mouthpiece. The “Tng CC No.”
parameter specifies the controller to be used for
tonguing control. When set to “off”  no tonguing is
applied.
• Please note that accurate keyboard pitch is
produced only when maximum tonguing is
applied or the tonguing controller is turned off.
• The “TngCtrlDpt” parameter, below, must be
set to an appropriate value (higher than “+01”
or lower than “-01”) for tonguing control to
have any effect. 
						

							59
27(17): TngCtrlDpt
•Tonguing Control Depth
•Settings: -127 … +127 (VL-XG Mode: -64 … +63)
Sets the amount of variation produced by the
controller assigned to tonguing. The higher the
value the greater the variation. Positive values
cause an decrease in tonguing in response to higher
controller values (e.g. increased breath pressure or
higher modulation wheel position), while minus
values cause an increase in tonguing in response to
higher controller values. The “Depth” setting is
reflected in the graph at the bottom of the display
— the horizontal axis represents the controller
value and the vertical axis represents tonguing.
28: Tng  Curve (VOICE mode only)
•Tonguing Curve
•Settings: -16 … +16
Determines the relationship between the controller
value and tonguing. When set to “+00” the rela-
tionship is linear. That is, a change in the controller
value produces a corresponding change in tongu-
ing. As the curve value increases the lower end of
the controller range has relatively little effect on
the sound while higher controller values produce
more dramatic changes. Negative curve values
have the opposite effect: the sound changes
dramatically at low controller values while higher
values produce relatively little effect. The “Curve”
setting is reflected in the graph at the bottom of the
display — the horizontal axis represents the
controller value and the vertical axis represents
tonguing.
Scream
29
(18): Scr CC No.
•Scream Control Change Number
•Settings: off … 95, AT, VEL, PB
“Scream” drives the entire system into chaotic
oscillation, creating effects that can only be
achieved with physical modeling technology. The
“Scr CC No.” parameter specifies the controller to
be used for scream control. When set to “off”, no
scream variation can be produced via a controller,
but a continuous scream value is determined by the
“30(19): ScrCtrlDpt” parameter, below (negative
values increase the scream level).
• The “ScrCtrlDpt” parameter, below, must be set
to an appropriate value (higher than “+01” or
lower than “-01”) for scream control to have
any effect.
30(19): ScrCtrlDpt
•Scream Control Depth
•Settings: -127 … +127 (VL-XG Mode: -64 … +63)
Sets the amount of variation produced by the
controller assigned to scream. The higher the value
the greater the variation. Positive values cause an
increase in scream effect in response to higher
controller values (e.g. increased breath pressure or
higher modulation wheel position), while minus
values cause a decrease in scream effect in re-
sponse to higher controller values. The “Depth”
setting is reflected in the graph at the bottom of the
display — the horizontal axis represents the
controller value and the vertical axis represents
scream.
Controllers & Control Editing 
						

							60
31: Scr Curve (VOICE mode only)
•Scream Curve
•Settings: -16 … +16
Determines the relationship between the controller
value and scream. When set to “+00” the relation-
ship is linear. That is, a change in the controller
value produces a corresponding change in scream
effect. As the curve value increases the lower end
of the controller range has relatively little effect on
the sound while higher controller values produce
more dramatic changes. Negative curve values
have the opposite effect: the sound changes
dramatically at low controller values while higher
values produce relatively little effect. The “Curve”
setting is reflected in the graph at the bottom of the
display — the horizontal axis represents the
controller value and the vertical axis represents
scream.• The “BnzCtrlDpt” parameter, below, must be
set to an appropriate value (higher than “+01”
ro lower than “-01”) for breath noise control to
have any effect.
33(21): BnzCtrlDpt
•Breath Noise Control Depth
•Settings: -127 … +127 (VL-XG Mode: -64 … +63)
Sets the amount of variation produced by the
controller assigned to breath noise. The higher the
value the greater the variation. Positive values
cause an increase in breath noise in response to
higher controller values (e.g. increased breath
pressure or higher modulation wheel position),
while minus values cause a decrease in breath
noise in response to higher controller values. The
“Depth” setting is reflected in the graph at the
bottom of the display — the horizontal axis
represents the controller value and the vertical axis
represents breath noise.
34: Bnz Curve (VOICE mode only)
•Breath Noise Curve
•Settings: -16 … +16
Determines the relationship between the controller
value and breath noise. When set to “+00” the
relationship is linear. That is, a change in the
controller value produces a corresponding change
in breath noise. As the curve value increases the
lower end of the controller range has relatively
little effect on the sound while higher controller
values produce more dramatic changes. Negative
curve values have the opposite effect: the sound
changes dramatically at low controller values while
higher values produce relatively little effect. The
“Curve” setting is reflected in the graph at the
bottom of the display — the horizontal axis
Controllers & Control Editing
Breath Noise
32
(20): Bnz CC No.
•Breath Noise Control Change Number
•Settings: off… 95, AT, VEL, PB
“Breath Noise” can be used to add the required
amount of breath noise to a voice. The “Bnz CC
No.” parameter specifies the controller to be used
for breath noise control. When set to “off”, no
breath noise variation can be produced via a
controller, but a continuous breath noise value is
determined by the “33(21): BnzCtrlDpt” parameter,
below (negative values increase the breath noise
level). 
						

							61
represents the controller value and the vertical axis
represents breath noise.
• The amount of breath noise produced also
depends on pressure, so the breath noise curve
indicated by the graph at the bottom of the
display may not always accurately reflect the
perceived curve.Sets the amount of variation produced by the
controller assigned to growl. The higher the value
the greater the variation. Positive values cause an
increase in growl effect in response to higher
controller values (e.g. increased breath pressure or
higher modulation wheel position), while minus
values cause a decrease in growl effect in response
to higher controller values. The “Depth” setting is
reflected in the graph at the bottom of the display
— the horizontal axis represents the controller
value and the vertical axis represents growl.
37: Grl Curve (VOICE mode only)
•Growl Curve
•Settings: -16 … +16
Determines the relationship between the controller
value and growl. When set to “+00” the relation-
ship is linear. That is, a change in the controller
value produces a corresponding change in growl.
As the curve value increases the lower end of the
controller range has relatively little effect on the
sound while higher controller values produce more
dramatic changes. Negative curve values have the
opposite effect: the sound changes dramatically at
low controller values while higher values produce
relatively little effect. The “Curve” setting is
reflected in the graph at the bottom of the display
— the horizontal axis represents the controller
value and the vertical axis represents growl.
Controllers & Control Editing
Growl
35
(22): Grl CC No.
•Growl Control Change Number
•Settings: off… 95, AT, VEL, PB
“Growl” produces a periodic pressure modulation
which produces the “growl” effect often heard in
wind instruments. The “Grl CC No.” parameter
specifies the controller to be used for growl
control.  When set to “off”, no growl variation can
be produced via a controller, but a continuous
growl value is determined by the “36(23):
GrlCtrlDpt” parameter, below (negative values
increase the growl level).
• The “GrlCtrlDpt” parameter, below, must be set
to an appropriate value (higher than “+01” or
lower than “-01”) for growl control to have any
effect.
36(23): GrlCtrlDpt
•Growl Control Depth
•Settings: -127 … +127 (VL-XG Mode: -64 … +63) 
						

							62
Throat Formant
38
(24): Thr CC No.
•Throat Formant Control Change Number
•Settings: off… 95, AT, VEL, PB
“Throat Formant” controls the  characteristics of
the simulated player’s  lungs, trachea, and oral
cavity. Can add a realistic “roughness” to the
sound. The “Thr CC No.” parameter specifies the
controller to be used for throat formant control.
When set to “off”, no throat formant variation can
be produced via a controller, but a continuous
throat formant value is determined by the “39(25):
ThrCtrlDpt” parameter, below (negative values
increase the throat formant level).
• The “ThrCtrlDpt” parameter, below, must be set
to an appropriate value (higher than “+01” or
lower than “-01”) for throat formant control to
have any effect.
• Throat Formant only applies to some reed-type
voices.
39(25): ThrCtrlDpt
•Throat Formant Control Depth
•Settings: -127 … +127 (VL-XG Mode: -64 … +63)
Sets the amount of variation produced by the
controller assigned to throat formant. The higher
the value the greater the variation. Positive values
cause an increase in throat formant effect in
response to higher controller values (e.g. increased
breath pressure or higher modulation wheel
position), while minus values cause a decrease in
throat formant effect in response to higher control-
ler values. The “Depth” setting is reflected in the
graph at the bottom of the display — the horizontal
axis represents the controller value and the vertical
axis represents throat formant depth.
40: Thr  Curve (VOICE mode only)
•Throat Formant Curve
•Settings: -16 … +16
Determines the relationship between the controller
value and throat formant depth. When set to “+00”
the relationship is linear. That is, a change in the
controller value produces a corresponding change
in throat formant depth. As the curve value in-
creases the lower end of the controller range has
relatively little effect on the sound while higher
controller values produce more dramatic changes.
Negative curve values have the opposite effect: the
sound changes dramatically at low controller
values while higher values produce relatively little
effect. The “Curve” setting is reflected in the graph
at the bottom of the display — the horizontal axis
represents the controller value and the vertical axis
represents throat formant depth.
Controllers & Control Editing
Harmonic Enhancer
41
(26): Hrm CC No.
•Harmonic Enhancer Control Change Number
•Settings: off … 95, AT, VEL, PB
The Harmonic Enhancer can vary the harmonic
structure of the sound over a wide range. The
“Hrm CC No.” parameter specifies the controller to
be used for harmonic enhancer depth (wet/dry
balance) control. When set to “off” no harmonic
enhancer depth variation can be applied via a
controller.
• The “HrmCtrlDpt” parameter, below, must be
set to an appropriate value (higher than “+01” 
						

							63
or lower than “-01”) for harmonic enhancer
control to have any effect.
• Since most VL70-m voices have sufficient
natural harmonic content, the Harmonic En-
hancer is actually only used on a few voices.
Therefore changing the controller destination
with many voices will produce either no change
in the sound or a simple change in amplitude.
For detailed harmonic enhancer programming
use the VL70-m Expert Editor software (page
25).
42(27): HrmCtrlDpt
•Harmonic Enhancer Control Depth
•Settings: -127 … +127 (VL-XG Mode: -64 … +63)
Sets the amount of variation produced by the
controller assigned to the harmonic enhancer. The
higher the value the greater the variation. Positive
values cause an increase in harmonic enhancer
depth in response to higher controller values (e.g.
increased breath pressure or higher modulation
wheel position), while minus values cause a
decrease in harmonic enhancer depth in response to
higher controller values. The “Depth” setting is
reflected in the graph at the bottom of the display
— the horizontal axis represents the controller
value and the vertical axis represents harmonic
enhancer depth .
43: Hrm Curve (VOICE mode only)
•Harmonic Enhancer Curve
•Settings: -16 … +16
Determines the relationship between the controller
value and harmonic enhancer depth. When set to
“+00” the relationship is linear. That is, a change
in the controller value produces a correspondingchange in harmonic enhancer depth. As the curve
value increases the lower end of the controller
range has relatively little effect on the sound while
higher controller values produce more dramatic
changes. Negative curve values have the opposite
effect: the sound changes dramatically at low
controller values while higher values produce
relatively little effect. The “Curve” setting is
reflected in the graph at the bottom of the display
— the horizontal axis represents the controller
value and the vertical axis represents harmonic
enhancer depth.
Controllers & Control Editing
Damping
44
(28): Dmp CC No.
•Damping Control Change Number
•Settings: off… 95, AT, VEL, PB
“Damping” simulates the effect of damping due to
losses within the body of a wind instrument or in a
string due to air friction. Affects both pitch and
timbre. The “Dmp CC No.” parameter specifies the
controller to be used for damping control. When
set to “off”  no damping variation can be applied
via a controller.
• Please note that accurate keyboard pitch is
produced only when damping is maximum.
• The “DmpCtrlDpt” parameter, below, must be
set to an appropriate value (higher than “+01”
or lower than “-01”) for damping control to
have any effect.
45(29): DmpCtrlDpt
•Damping Control Depth
•Settings: -127 … +127 (VL-XG Mode: -64 … +63) 
						

							64
Sets the amount of variation produced by the
controller assigned to damping. The higher the
value the greater the variation. Positive values
cause a decrease in damping in response to higher
controller values (e.g. increased breath pressure or
higher modulation wheel position), while minus
values cause an increase in damping in response to
higher controller values. The “Depth” setting is
reflected in the graph at the bottom of the display
— the horizontal axis represents the controller
value and the vertical axis represents damping.
46: Dmp Curve (VOICE mode only)
•Damping Curve
•Settings: -16 … +16
Determines the relationship between the controller
value and damping. When set to “+00” the rela-
tionship is linear. That is, a change in the controller
value produces a corresponding change in damp-
ing. As the curve value increases the lower end of
the controller range has relatively little effect on
the sound while higher controller values produce
more dramatic changes. Negative curve values
have the opposite effect: the sound changes
dramatically at low controller values while higher
values produce relatively little effect. The “Curve”
setting is reflected in the graph at the bottom of the
display — the horizontal axis represents the
controller value and the vertical axis represents
damping.
Controllers & Control Editing
Absorption
47
(30): Abs CC No.
•Absorption Control Change Number
•Settings: off … 95, AT, VEL, PB
“Absorption” simulates the effect of high-fre-
quency loss at the end of the air column or string.
The “Abs CC No.” parameter specifies the control-
ler to be used for absorption control. When set to
“off”  no absorption variation can be applied via a
controller.
• Please note that accurate keyboard pitch is
produced only at when absorption is maximum.
• The “AbsCtrlDpt” parameter, below, must be
set to an appropriate value (higher than “+01”
or lower than “-01”) for absorption control to
have any effect.
48(31): AbsCtrlDpt
•Absorption Control Depth
•Settings: -127 … +127 (VL-XG Mode: -64 … +63)
Sets the amount of variation produced by the
controller assigned to absorption. The higher the
value the greater the variation. Positive values
cause a decrease in absorption in response to
higher controller values (e.g. increased breath
pressure or higher modulation wheel position),
while minus values cause an increase in absorption
in response to higher controller values. The
“Depth” setting is reflected in the graph at the
bottom of the display — the horizontal axis
represents the controller value and the vertical axis
represents absorption. 
						

							65Controllers & Control Editing
49: Abs  Curve (VOICE mode only)
•Absorption Curve
•Settings: -16 … +16
Determines the relationship between the controller
value and absoprtion. When set to “+00” the
relationship is linear. That is, a change in the
controller value produces a corresponding change
in absorption. As the curve value increases the
lower end of the controller range has relatively
little effect on the sound while higher controller
values produce more dramatic changes. Negative
curve values have the opposite effect: the sound
changes dramatically at low controller values while
higher values produce relatively little effect. The
“Curve” setting is reflected in the graph at the
bottom of the display — the horizontal axis
represents the controller value and the vertical axis
represents absorption.
• Absorption control can have a significant effect
on pitch. 
						

							66
Filter & Envelope Generator Editing
The VL70-m has two envelope generators which can be independently pro-
grammed to produce time-based variations in the sound.
 Amplitude & Filter EG
The Amplitude & Filter Envelope Generator controls both the amplitude of the
sound and the cutoff frequency of the VL70-m filter from note attack to release.
This envelope generator has three parameters which can be edited via the VL70-
m panel: attack time, decay time, and release time. Amplitude control defines
the basic “shape” of the notes produced, while filter control makes it possible to
create a variety of dynamic timbral sweeps.

 NOTES
• Most voices use the low-pass filter type, but some use the bandpass, high-pass, or band
eliminate types. The filter type cannot be edited via the VL70-m panel controls. For
detailed filter parameter programming use the VL70-m Expert Editor software (page 25).
• Very little filter processing is used on some voices. In such cases, the effect of the filter
may be barely noticeable.
• The effect of editing the Amplitude & Filter envelope generator parameters may not
always be as expected — particularly with plucked string instrument voices such as guitar
or bass. This is because the VL70-m actually simulates the plucking, free oscillation, and
muting of the strings rather than simply using an EG to approximate these events.
 Pitch & Embouchre EG
The Pitch EG controls both the pitch of the note and the embouchre applied to
the note from attack to release. Initial level, attack time, release level, and
release time parameters make it possible to produce a wide range of pitch
variations at note attack and release.

 NOTES
• Pitch control alone may not always produce the expected result with voices in which the
internal parameters emphasize embouchure rather than pitch. For detailed editing of all
VL70-m parameters use the VL70-m Expert Editor software (page 25).
Filter & Envelope Generator Editing