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Toshiba Encore 8 User Manual

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    							Glossary111
    DOS Disk Operating System
    DPI Dots Per Inch
    DVD Digital Versatile (or Video) Disc
    DVD-ROMDigital Versatile (or Video) Disc Read-Only 
    Memory
    eSATAexternal Serial Advanced Technology 
    Attachment
    FATFile Allocation Table
    FCC Federal Communications Commission
    GB gigabyte
    GBps gigabytes per second
    HDD Hard Disk Drive
    HDMI High-Definition Multimedia Interface
    HDMI CECHigh-Definition Multimedia Interface Consumer 
    Electronics Control
    HTMLHypertext Markup Language
    IEEEInstitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
    I/O Input/Output
    IRQ interrupt request
    ISPInternet Service Provider
    KB kilobyte
    LAN Local Area Network
    LCD Liquid Crystal Display
    LED Light Emitting Diode
    MB megabyte
    MBps megabytes per second
    MIDI Musical Instrument Digital Interface
    PC Personal Computer
    PCI Peripheral Component Interconnect
    PCMCIA Personal Computer Memory Card International 
    Association
    RAM Random Access Memory 
    						
    							112Glossary
    RGB Red, Green Blue light (monitor)
    RFI Radio Frequency Interference
    ROM Read-Only Memory
    RTC Real-Time Clock
    SD Secure Digital
    SDRAM Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory
    SSD Solid State Drive
    TFT Thin Film Transistor
    USB Universal Serial Bus
    URLUniform Resource Locator
    WANWide Area Network
    www Wo r l d W i d e  We b
    Te r m s
    The following terms may appear in this User’s Guide.
    Aactive-matrix display—A liquid crystal display (LCD) made 
    from an array of liquid crystal cells using active-matrix 
    technology. Also known as a “TFT display,” in its simplest 
    form there is one thin film transistor (TFT) for each cell. This 
    type of display works well with computers because of its 
    shallow depth and high-quality color. Active-matrix displays 
    are viewable from wider angles than most passive-matrix 
    displays.
    adapter—A device that provides a compatible connection 
    between two units. For example, the computer’s internal 
    display adapter receives information from the software and 
    translates it into images on the screen. An adapter can take 
    a number of forms, from a microprocessor to a simple 
    connector. An intelligent adapter (one that is capable of 
    doing some processing) may also be called a controller.
    Alternating Current (AC)—The type of power usually 
    supplied to residential and commercial wall outlets. AC 
    reverses its direction at regular intervals. Compare 
    Direct 
    Current (DC)
    . 
    						
    							Glossary113
    application—A computer program that you use to perform 
    tasks of a specific type. Applications include word 
    processors, spreadsheets, and database management 
    systems. See also 
    program.
    Bbackup—A copy of a file, usually on a removable disk, kept in 
    case the original file is lost or damaged.
    Basic Input/Output System (BIOS)—See BIOS.
    baud rate—The speed at which a communication device, such 
    as a printer or modem, transmits information. Baud rate is 
    the number of signal changes per second (not necessarily 
    the same as bits per second). See also 
    bits per second.
    Blu-ray Disc (BD)—Offering more storage capacity than 
    DVDs, the format was developed to allow for more data 
    storage and to enable recording and playback of high-
    definition video (HD).
    BIOS (Basic Input/Output System)—Basic instructions, 
    stored in read-only memory (ROM), containing the 
    information the computer needs to check hardware and load 
    the operating system when you start up the computer.
    bits per second (bps)—A way of measuring the speed at 
    which information is passed between two devices. This is 
    the basic unit of measure used in modem communications, 
    and is similar, but not identical, to the baud rate. See also 
    baud rate.
    boot—To start the computer. The term “boot” originates from 
    bootstrap program (as in “pulling itself up by its bootstraps”), 
    a program that loads and initializes the operating system. 
    See also 
    reboot.
    boot disk—See system disk.
    boot priority (startup sequence)—The order in which the 
    computer accesses its internal storage drives to locate the 
    startup files. Under the default startup sequence, the 
    computer looks for the startup files in the external media 
    before checking the internal storage drive. 
    						
    							114Glossary
    bus—An electrical circuit that connects the central processing 
    unit (CPU) with other parts of the computer, such as the 
    video adapter, disk drives, and ports. It is the pathway 
    through which data flows from one device to another. See 
    also 
    bus speed, frontside bus.
    bus speed—The speed at which the central processing unit 
    (CPU) communicates with the other parts of the computer.
    Ccache—A section of very fast memory in which frequently used 
    information is duplicated for quick access. Accessing data 
    from cache is faster than accessing it from the computer’s 
    main memory. See also 
    CPU cache, L1 cache, L2 cache.
    CD—An individual compact disc. See also CD-ROM.
    CD-ROM (Compact Disc Read-Only Memory)—A form 
    of high-capacity storage that uses laser optics instead of 
    magnetic means for reading data. See also 
    CD. Compare 
    DVD-ROM.
    Central Processing Unit (CPU)—The chip that functions as 
    the “brain” of the computer. It takes information from outside 
    sources, such as memory or keyboard input, processes the 
    information, and sends the results to another device that 
    uses the information.
    character—Any letter, number, or symbol you can use on the 
    computer. Some characters are non-printing characters, 
    such as a paragraph break in a word-processing program. A 
    character occupies one byte of computer storage.
    Charm/charms—Start screen icons that slide out from the 
    right side of the screen and direct you to various Windows® 
    functions.
    chip—A small piece of silicon containing computer logic and 
    circuits for processing, memory, input/output, and/or control 
    functions. Chips are mounted on printed circuit boards.
    click—To press and release the pointing device’s primary button 
    without moving the pointing device. In the Windows® 
    operating system, this refers to the pointing device’s left 
    button, unless otherwise stated. See also 
    double-click. 
    						
    							Glossary115
    color palette—A set of specified colors that establishes the 
    colors that can be displayed on the screen at a particular 
    time.
    compatibility—The extent to which computers, programs, or 
    devices can work together harmoniously, using the same 
    commands, formats, or language as another.
    configuration—(1) The collection of components that make up 
    a single computer system. (2) How parts of the system are 
    set up (that is, configured).
    controller—A device that controls the transfer of data from a 
    computer to a peripheral device and vice versa. For 
    example, disk drives, monitors, keyboards, and printers all 
    require controllers.
    CPU—See Central Processing Unit (CPU).
    CPU cache—A section of very fast memory residing between 
    the CPU and the computer’s main memory that temporarily 
    stores data and instructions the CPU will need to execute 
    commands and programs. See also 
    cache, L1 cache, L2 
    cache
    .
    cursor—An on-screen symbol (usually a flashing vertical line) 
    that indicates the position where characters will appear 
    when you enter data.
    DDesktop—Offers the traditional look and feel of the Windows® 
    desktop found in Windows® 7 and earlier releases of the 
    Windows® operating system.
    default—The setting selected by a program when the user does 
    not specify an alternative setting.
    device—A component attached to the computer. Devices may 
    be external (outside the computer’s case) or internal (inside 
    the computer’s case). Printers, disk drives, and modems are 
    examples of devices.
    device driver—A program (called a “driver”) that permits a 
    computer to communicate with a device.
    dialog box—An on-screen window displayed by the operating 
    system or a program giving a direction or requesting input 
    from the user. 
    						
    							116Glossary
    Direct Current (DC)—The type of power usually supplied by 
    batteries. DC flows in one direction. Compare 
    Alternating 
    Current (AC)
    .
    Direct Memory Access (DMA)—A dedicated channel, 
    bypassing the CPU, that enables direct data transfer 
    between memory and a device.
    directory—See folder.
    disable—To turn a computer option off. See also enable.
    disc—A round, flat piece of material, designed to be read from 
    and written to by optical (laser) technology, and used in the 
    production of optical discs, such as CDs and DVDs. 
    Compare 
    disk.
    disk—A round, flat piece of material that can be magnetically 
    influenced to hold information in digital form, and used in the 
    production of magnetic disks, such as hard disks. Compare 
    disc. See also hard disk.
    disk drive—The device that reads and writes information and 
    programs on external media or hard disk. It rotates the disk 
    at high speed past one or more read/write heads.
    document—Any file created with an application and, if saved 
    to disk, given a name by which it can be retrieved. See also 
    file.
    double-click—To press and release the pointing device’s 
    primary button rapidly twice without moving the pointing 
    device. In the Windows
    ® operating system, this refers to the 
    pointing device’s left button, unless otherwise stated.
    download—(1) In communications, to receive a file from 
    another computer through a modem or network. (2) To send 
    font data from the computer to a printer. See also 
    upload.
    drag—To hold down the mouse button while moving the pointer 
    to drag a selected object. In the Windows® operating 
    system, this refers to the left mouse button, unless otherwise 
    stated.
    driver—See device driver.
    DVD—An individual digital versatile (or video) disc. See also 
    DVD-ROM. 
    						
    							Glossary117
    DVD-ROM (Digital Versatile [or Video] Disc Read-Only 
    Memory)
    —A very high-capacity storage medium that uses 
    laser optics for reading data. Each DVD-ROM can hold as 
    much data as several CD-ROMs. Compare 
    CD-ROM.
    Eemulation—A technique in which a device or program imitates 
    another device or program.
    enable—To turn on a computer option. See also disable.
    eSATA—An external device that supports hot swapping and 
    fast data transfer. Very useful in storing and transferring large 
    files.
    executable file—A computer program that is ready to run. 
    Application programs and batch files are examples of 
    executable files. Names of executable files usually end with 
    a .bat or .exe extension.
    expansion device—A device that connects to a computer to 
    expand its capabilities. Other names for an expansion device 
    are port expander, port replicator, docking station, or 
    network adapter.
    extension—See file extension.
    external device—See device.
    Ffile—A collection of related information, saved on disk with a 
    unique name. A file may be a program, information used by a 
    program, or a document. See also 
    document.
    File Allocation Table (FAT)—The section of a storage drive 
    that keeps track of the location of stored files.
    file name—A set of characters that uniquely identifies a file 
    within a particular folder. It consists of two parts: the actual 
    name and the file name extension. See also 
    file extension.
    file extension—The three characters following the period 
    (pronounced “dot”) at the end of a file name. The extension 
    indicates the type of file. Examples are .exe for program files 
    and .hlp for help files. See also 
    file name.
    folder—Also called directory. A container for organizing files 
    saved to a disk. A folder is symbolized on screen by a 
    graphical image (icon) of a file folder. A folder can contain 
    files and other folders. 
    						
    							118Glossary
    format—(verb) To prepare a blank disk for use with the 
    computer’s operating system. Formatting creates a structure 
    on the disk so the operating system can write information to 
    the disk or read information from it.
    frontside bus—The primary pathway (bus) between the CPU 
    and the computer’s main memory. Also called “system bus.” 
    See also 
    bus.
    Function key—(1) A feature in which certain keys in 
    combination with the 
    Fn key can set system options or 
    control system parameters, such as the battery save mode. 
    (2) A key or combination of keys that activates a memory 
    resident program.
    function keys—The keys labeled F1 through F12, typically 
    located on the keyboard. Their function is determined by the 
    operating system and/or individual programs.
    Gground—A conductor to which all components of an electric 
    circuit are connected. It has a potential of zero (0) volts, is 
    connected to the earth, and is the point of reference for 
    voltages in the circuit.
    Hhard disk—A storage device composed of a rigid platter or 
    platters that can be magnetically coded with data. Hard 
    disks hold much more information than some external media 
    and are used for long-term storage of programs and data. 
    The primary (or only) hard disk in a computer is usually fixed, 
    but some computers have secondary hard disks that are 
    removable.
    hardware—The physical components of a computer system. 
    Compare 
    software.
    HDMI (High-Definition Multimedia Interface)—An 
    interface used to transmit high quality audio and video signal 
    via a single cable in digital format, providing better picture 
    quality than analog signal.
    HDMI-CEC (HDMI Consumer Electronics Control)—
    One A/V component can control another while using this 
    function, if connected with HDMI cables. See also 
    HDMI.  
    						
    							Glossary119
    Hibernation—A feature of many Toshiba computers that saves 
    to the internal storage drive the current state of your work, 
    including all open files and programs, when you turn the 
    computer off. When you turn on the computer again, your 
    work is returned to the same state it was when the computer 
    was turned off. See also 
    Sleep, Suspend.
    hot swapping—The ability to add or remove devices from a 
    computer while the computer is running and have the 
    operating system automatically recognize the change.
    Iicon—A small image displayed on the screen that represents a 
    function, file, or program.
    interlaced—A method of refreshing a computer screen, in 
    which only every other line of pixels is refreshed. Interlaced 
    monitors take two passes to create a complete screen 
    image. Compare 
    non-interlaced.
    internal device—See device.
    Internet—The decentralized, world-wide network of computers 
    that provides electronic mail, the World Wide Web, and other 
    services. See also 
    World Wide Web.
    Kkeyboard shortcut—A key or combination of keys that you 
    use to perform a task instead of using a pointing device such 
    as a mouse. 
    LL1 (level one) cache—Memory cache built into the processor 
    to help improve processing speed. See also 
    cache, CPU 
    cache, L2 cache
    .
    L2 (level two) cache—Memory cache installed on the 
    motherboard to help improve processing speed. It is slower 
    than L1 cache and faster than main memory. See also 
    cache, CPU cache, L1 cache.
    LAN (Local Area Network)—A group of computers or other 
    devices dispersed over a relatively limited area and 
    connected by a communications link that enables any 
    device to interact with any other on the network. 
    						
    							120Glossary
    LED (Light Emitting Diode)—A solid state lamp (SSL) that 
    uses light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as the source of light, 
    which offers long life and high efficiency output. Multiple 
    diodes are used together, since the light created by 
    individual light-emitting diodes is small compared to 
    incandescent and compact fluorescent lamps.
    LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)—A type of display that uses a 
    liquid substance between two transparent electrode panels. 
    When an electric current passes through the electrodes, the 
    molecules in the liquid form a crystalline pattern that 
    polarizes the light passing through it. A filter over the 
    electrodes permits only non-polarized light to pass to the 
    surface of the display, creating light and dark pixels.
    load—To move information from a storage device (such as a 
    hard disk) into memory for processing.
    local area network—See LAN.
    logical drive—A section of a disk that is recognized by the 
    operating system as a separate disk drive. A system’s logical 
    drives may differ from its physical drives. For example, a 
    single hard disk drive may be partitioned into two or more 
    logical drives.
    Mmemory—Typically refers to the computer’s main memory, 
    where programs are run and data is temporarily stored and 
    processed. Memory can be volatile and hold data 
    temporarily, such as RAM, or it can be nonvolatile and hold 
    data permanently, such as ROM. A computer’s main 
    memory is RAM. See also 
    RAM, ROM.
    microprocessor—See Central Processing Unit (CPU).
    MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface)—A standard 
    for connecting musical instruments, synthesizers, and 
    computers. The MIDI standard provides a way of translating 
    music into a form computers can use, and vice versa.
    motherboard—The computer’s main circuit board that 
    contains the processor, memory, and other primary 
    components.
    MS-DOS prompt—See system prompt. 
    						
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