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Toshiba Encore 2 Instruction Manual

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    							Glossary111
    Direct Current (DC)—The type of power usually supplied by 
    batteries. DC flows in one direction. Compare 
    Alternating 
    Current (AC)
    .
    Direct Memory Access (DMA)—A dedicated channel, 
    bypassing the CPU, that enables direct data transfer 
    between memory and a device.
    directory—See folder.
    disable—To turn a computer option off. See also enable.
    disc—A round, flat piece of material, designed to be read from 
    and written to by optical (laser) technology, and used in the 
    production of optical discs, such as CDs and DVDs. 
    Compare 
    disk.
    disk—A round, flat piece of material that can be magnetically 
    influenced to hold information in digital form, and used in the 
    production of magnetic disks, such as hard disks. Compare 
    disc. See also hard disk.
    disk drive—The device that reads and writes information and 
    programs on external media or hard disk. It rotates the disk 
    at high speed past one or more read/write heads.
    document—Any file created with an application and, if saved 
    to disk, given a name by which it can be retrieved. See also 
    file.
    double-click—To press and release the pointing device’s 
    primary button rapidly twice without moving the pointing 
    device. In the Windows
    ® operating system, this refers to the 
    pointing device’s left button, unless otherwise stated.
    download—(1) In communications, to receive a file from 
    another computer through a modem or network. (2) To send 
    font data from the computer to a printer. See also 
    upload.
    drag—To hold down the mouse button while moving the pointer 
    to drag a selected object. In the Windows® operating 
    system, this refers to the left mouse button, unless otherwise 
    stated.
    driver—See device driver.
    DVD—An individual digital versatile (or video) disc. See also 
    DVD-ROM. 
    						
    							112Glossary
    DVD-ROM (Digital Versatile [or Video] Disc Read-Only 
    Memory)
    —A very high-capacity storage medium that uses 
    laser optics for reading data. Each DVD-ROM can hold as 
    much data as several CD-ROMs. Compare 
    CD-ROM.
    Eemulation—A technique in which a device or program imitates 
    another device or program.
    enable—To turn on a computer option. See also disable.
    eSATA—An external device that supports hot swapping and 
    fast data transfer. Very useful in storing and transferring large 
    files.
    executable file—A computer program that is ready to run. 
    Application programs and batch files are examples of 
    executable files. Names of executable files usually end with 
    a .bat or .exe extension.
    expansion device—A device that connects to a computer to 
    expand its capabilities. Other names for an expansion device 
    are port expander, port replicator, docking station, or 
    network adapter.
    extension—See file extension.
    external device—See device.
    Ffile—A collection of related information, saved on disk with a 
    unique name. A file may be a program, information used by a 
    program, or a document. See also 
    document.
    File Allocation Table (FAT)—The section of a storage drive 
    that keeps track of the location of stored files.
    file name—A set of characters that uniquely identifies a file 
    within a particular folder. It consists of two parts: the actual 
    name and the file name extension. See also 
    file extension.
    file extension—The three characters following the period 
    (pronounced “dot”) at the end of a file name. The extension 
    indicates the type of file. Examples are .exe for program files 
    and .hlp for help files. See also 
    file name.
    folder—Also called directory. A container for organizing files 
    saved to a disk. A folder is symbolized on screen by a 
    graphical image (icon) of a file folder. A folder can contain 
    files and other folders. 
    						
    							Glossary113
    format—(verb) To prepare a blank disk for use with the 
    computer’s operating system. Formatting creates a structure 
    on the disk so the operating system can write information to 
    the disk or read information from it.
    frontside bus—The primary pathway (bus) between the CPU 
    and the computer’s main memory. Also called “system bus.” 
    See also 
    bus.
    Function key—(1) A feature in which certain keys in 
    combination with the 
    Fn key can set system options or 
    control system parameters, such as the battery save mode. 
    (2) A key or combination of keys that activates a memory 
    resident program.
    function keys—The keys labeled F1 through F12, typically 
    located on the keyboard. Their function is determined by the 
    operating system and/or individual programs.
    Gground—A conductor to which all components of an electric 
    circuit are connected. It has a potential of zero (0) volts, is 
    connected to the earth, and is the point of reference for 
    voltages in the circuit.
    Hhard disk—A storage device composed of a rigid platter or 
    platters that can be magnetically coded with data. Hard 
    disks hold much more information than some external media 
    and are used for long-term storage of programs and data. 
    The primary (or only) hard disk in a computer is usually fixed, 
    but some computers have secondary hard disks that are 
    removable.
    hardware—The physical components of a computer system. 
    Compare 
    software.
    HDMI (High-Definition Multimedia Interface)—An 
    interface used to transmit high quality audio and video signal 
    via a single cable in digital format, providing better picture 
    quality than analog signal.
    HDMI-CEC (HDMI Consumer Electronics Control)—
    One A/V component can control another while using this 
    function, if connected with HDMI cables. See also 
    HDMI.  
    						
    							114Glossary
    Hibernation—A feature of many Toshiba computers that saves 
    to the internal storage drive the current state of your work, 
    including all open files and programs, when you turn the 
    computer off. When you turn on the computer again, your 
    work is returned to the same state it was when the computer 
    was turned off. See also 
    Sleep, Suspend.
    hot swapping—The ability to add or remove devices from a 
    computer while the computer is running and have the 
    operating system automatically recognize the change.
    Iicon—A small image displayed on the screen that represents a 
    function, file, or program.
    interlaced—A method of refreshing a computer screen, in 
    which only every other line of pixels is refreshed. Interlaced 
    monitors take two passes to create a complete screen 
    image. Compare 
    non-interlaced.
    internal device—See device.
    Internet—The decentralized, world-wide network of computers 
    that provides electronic mail, the World Wide Web, and other 
    services. See also 
    World Wide Web.
    Kkeyboard shortcut—A key or combination of keys that you 
    use to perform a task instead of using a pointing device such 
    as a mouse. 
    LL1 (level one) cache—Memory cache built into the processor 
    to help improve processing speed. See also 
    cache, CPU 
    cache, L2 cache
    .
    L2 (level two) cache—Memory cache installed on the 
    motherboard to help improve processing speed. It is slower 
    than L1 cache and faster than main memory. See also 
    cache, CPU cache, L1 cache.
    LAN (Local Area Network)—A group of computers or other 
    devices dispersed over a relatively limited area and 
    connected by a communications link that enables any 
    device to interact with any other on the network. 
    						
    							Glossary115
    LED (Light Emitting Diode)—A solid state lamp (SSL) that 
    uses light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as the source of light, 
    which offers long life and high efficiency output. Multiple 
    diodes are used together, since the light created by 
    individual light-emitting diodes is small compared to 
    incandescent and compact fluorescent lamps.
    LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)—A type of display that uses a 
    liquid substance between two transparent electrode panels. 
    When an electric current passes through the electrodes, the 
    molecules in the liquid form a crystalline pattern that 
    polarizes the light passing through it. A filter over the 
    electrodes permits only non-polarized light to pass to the 
    surface of the display, creating light and dark pixels.
    load—To move information from a storage device (such as a 
    hard disk) into memory for processing.
    local area network—See LAN.
    logical drive—A section of a disk that is recognized by the 
    operating system as a separate disk drive. A system’s logical 
    drives may differ from its physical drives. For example, a 
    single hard disk drive may be partitioned into two or more 
    logical drives.
    Mmemory—Typically refers to the computer’s main memory, 
    where programs are run and data is temporarily stored and 
    processed. Memory can be volatile and hold data 
    temporarily, such as RAM, or it can be nonvolatile and hold 
    data permanently, such as ROM. A computer’s main 
    memory is RAM. See also 
    RAM, ROM.
    microprocessor—See Central Processing Unit (CPU).
    MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface)—A standard 
    for connecting musical instruments, synthesizers, and 
    computers. The MIDI standard provides a way of translating 
    music into a form computers can use, and vice versa.
    motherboard—The computer’s main circuit board that 
    contains the processor, memory, and other primary 
    components.
    MS-DOS prompt—See system prompt. 
    						
    							116Glossary
    multi-function drive—A DVD drive that can read and write to 
    CD and DVD media.
    multimedia—A combination of two or more media, such as 
    sound, animation, and video in a computer program or 
    presentation.
    Musical Instrument Digital Interface—See MIDI.
    Nnetwork—A collection of computers and associated devices 
    that are connected by communications facilities. A network 
    allows you to share data and peripheral devices, such as 
    printers, with other users and to exchange electronic mail.
    non-interlaced—A method of refreshing a computer screen, 
    in which each pixel of every line is refreshed as the electron 
    beam scans across and down the screen. Compare 
    interlaced.
    non-system disk—A disk for storing programs and data that 
    cannot be used to start the computer. Compare 
    system disk.
    Oonline—Available through the computer. Online may refer to 
    information being read from your own computer’s internal 
    storage drive, such as online documentation or online Help, 
    or to information coming from another company on a 
    company network or the Internet.
    operating system—A set of programs that controls how the 
    computer works. Examples of operating systems are the 
    Windows Vista
    ®, Windows® 7, and Windows 8 operating 
    systems.
    optical disc drive—A drive which reads plastic coated discs 
    on which   information is recorded digitally, and uses a laser 
    to read data, music, or videos.
    Ppalette—See color palette.
    password—A unique string of characters entered by a user to 
    verify his or her identity to the computer or the network.
    PC Card—A credit-card-sized expansion card designed to 
    increase the capabilities of computers. PC Cards provide 
    functions such as modem, fax/modem, hard disk drive, 
    network adapter, sound card, or SCSI adapter. 
    						
    							Glossary117
    peripheral—Any device, such as a printer or joystick, that is 
    attached to the computer and controlled by the computer’s 
    CPU.
    pixel—Short for “picture element.” The smallest dot that can be 
    produced on a screen or printer.
    Plug and Play—Generally, refers to the computer’s ability to 
    automatically configure itself to work with peripheral devices. 
    When capitalized, refers to a standard that, when followed 
    by a device manufacturer, allows a computer to configure 
    itself automatically to work with the device.
    pointer—An icon (usually an arrow) that moves on the screen 
    when you slide your finger across the touch pad or move a 
    mouse. Used to point to and select/activate on-screen 
    items, such as icons, menu items, and buttons. The shape 
    and purpose of the pointer varies depending on the program 
    you are using and what you are doing.
    pointing device—Any device, such as the touch pad or a 
    mouse, that enables you to move the pointer on the screen.
    port—A socket on the computer where you plug in a cable for 
    connection to a network or a peripheral device.
    processor—See Central Processing Unit (CPU).
    program—A set of instructions that can be executed by a 
    computer. The general classes of programs (also called 
    software) are operating system, application, and utility. See 
    also 
    operating system, application, utility.
    properties—The attributes of an object or device. For example, 
    the properties of a file include the file’s type, size, and 
    creation date. 
    RRAM (Random Access Memory)—Volatile memory that 
    can be written to as well as read. Volatile here means that 
    information in RAM is lost when you turn off your computer. 
    This type of memory is used for your computer’s main 
    memory. See also 
    memory. Compare ROM.
    Random Access Memory—See RAM.
    Read-Only Memory—See ROM.
    reboot—See boot, restart. 
    						
    							118Glossary
    removable disk—A disk that can be removed from a disk 
    drive. A Flash drive is one example of a removable disk.
    resolution—A measure of the sharpness of the images that 
    can be produced by a printer or displayed on a screen. For a 
    printer, resolution is expressed in dots per inch (dpi). For a 
    screen, it is expressed as the number of pixels available 
    horizontally and vertically. 
    restart—Synonymous with reboot. To reset the computer by 
    reloading the operating system without turning the computer 
    off. See also 
    boot.
    RGB (Red, Green, Blue) monitor—A monitor that 
    reproduces all colors by mixing red, green, and blue light in 
    various combinations.
    RJ45 connector—An eight-wire connector used to connect a 
    computer to a network.
    ROM (Read-Only Memory)—Non-volatile memory that can 
    be read but not written to. Non-volatile here means that 
    information in ROM remains whether or not the computer is 
    receiving power. This type of memory is used to store your 
    computer’s BIOS, which is essential instructions the 
    computer reads when you start it up. See also 
    BIOS, 
    memory
    . Compare RAM.
    SSecure Digital (SD)—A small, portable, non-volatile memory 
    card used to store and transfer data between digital 
    products, providing encryption capability for content 
    security.
    select—To highlight or otherwise specify text, data, or graphics 
    with the intent to perform some operation on it.
    shortcut—See keyboard shortcut.
    Sleep—A feature of some Windows® operating systems that 
    allows you to turn off the computer without exiting your open 
    applications and to continue from where you left off when 
    you turn the computer on again.
    software—See program. Compare hardware. 
    						
    							Glossary119
    solid state drive—A data storage device that utilizes solid-
    state memory as opposed to a hard disk (see also 
    hard disk). 
    Solid state drives hold a large amount of information and are 
    used for storage of programs and data.
    Start screen—Displays the new Windows® operating system 
    look and feel.
    Suspend—A feature of some Windows® operating systems 
    that allows you to turn off the computer without exiting your 
    open applications and to continue from where you left off 
    when you turn the computer on again.
    Swipe—Swipe an open window to the left or right of the screen 
    to display the next or previous window.
    system prompt—The symbol (in the MS-DOS® operating 
    system, generally a drive letter followed by a “greater than” 
    sign) indicating where users are to enter commands.
    TTFT display—See active-matrix display.
    To u c h—To activate items displayed on the screen, such as 
    apps, setting icons, and on-screen buttons by touching 
    them with your finger.
    Tile/Tiles—A list of square or rectangular icons on the Start 
    screen representing applications that can be accessed by 
    selecting them.
    UUniversal Serial Bus (USB)—USB is a serial bus that 
    supports data transfer. USB allows hot swapping of 
    peripherals. See also 
    bus, hot swapping, serial.
    upload—To send a file to another computer through a modem 
    or network. See also 
    download.
    USB—See Universal Serial Bus (USB).
    USB Flash drive—A small, portable flash memory card that 
    plugs into a computer’s USB port and functions as a 
    portable hard drive. They are smaller and more durable than 
    an external hard drive because they do not contain any 
    internal moving parts, but have less storage capacity. See 
    also 
    Universal Serial Bus (USB). 
    						
    							120Glossary
    utility—A computer program designed to perform a narrowly 
    focused operation or solve a specific problem. Utilities are 
    often related to computer system management.
    WWeb—See World Wide Web.
    Wi-Fi®—A registered trademark term of the Wi-Fi Alliance that 
    stands for Wireless Fidelity, and is another term for the 
    communication protocol to permit an Ethernet connection 
    using wireless communication components. 
    World Wide Web (www)—The worldwide network of Web 
    sites linked together over the Internet. A user of the Web can 
    jump from site to site regardless of the location of the 
    computer hosting the site. See also 
    Internet. 
    						
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